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Background: Apixaban is a factor Xa inhibitor with a limited therapeutic index that belongs to the family of oral direct anticoagulants. The pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of apixaban may be altered in elderly populations and populations with renal or hepatic impairment, necessitating dosage adjustments. Methods: This study was conducted to examine how the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model describes the PKs of apixaban in adult and elderly populations and to determine the PKs of apixaban in elderly populations with renal and hepatic impairment. After PBPK models were constructed using the reported physicochemical properties of apixaban and clinical data, they were validated using data from clinical studies involving various dose ranges. Comparing predicted and observed blood concentration data and PK parameters was utilized to evaluate the model's fit performance. Results: Doses should be reduced to approximately 70% of the healthy adult population for the healthy elderly population to achieve the same PK exposure; approximately 88%, 71%, and 89% of that for the elderly populations with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively; and approximately 96%, 81%, and 58% of that for the Child Pugh-A, Child Pugh-B, and Child Pugh-C hepatic impairment elderly populations, respectively to achieve the same PK exposure. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the renal and hepatic function might be considered for apixaban therapy in Chinese elderly patients and the PBPK model can be used to optimize dosage regimens for specific populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal catalytic oxidation (TCO) technology is one of the effective methods to remove formaldehyde. CeO2, known for its oxygen storage capacity (OSC), is a promising rare earth material for the thermal catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde. The oxidation mechanism of formaldehyde on the CeO2(110) surface was investigated by density functional theory (DFT). Herein, formaldehyde and oxygen could not be stably adsorbed on a stoichiometric CeO2(110) surface, which was verified by charge-density difference and PDOS analysis. The defective CeO2(110) surface strengthened the adsorption of formaldehyde and oxygen by filling oxygen vacancies and evolved the free oxygen into chemisorbed oxygen. Formaldehyde was difficult to dehydrogenate on stoichiometric or defective CeO2(110) surfaces without oxygen. The water-forming capacity of chemisorbed oxygen promoted the dehydrooxidation of formaldehyde. It not only greatly reduced the energy barrier for the rate-determining step in the formaldehyde oxidation process but also helped formaldehyde to complete a complete oxidation cycle pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimation and monitoring of cable tension is of great significance in the structural assessment of cable-supported bridges. For short cables, the traditional cable tension identification method via frequency measurement has large errors due to the influence of complex boundaries, which affect the accuracy of estimation. A new cable tension estimation method based on mode shape identification with a multiple sensor arrangement on the cable can take the influence of boundary conditions into account and its accuracy has been verified. However, it requires more sensors compared to the traditional frequency-based method, which will significantly increase the cost of long-term monitoring in practice. Therefore, a novel approach for cable tension monitoring considering both cost and accuracy is further proposed in this study. The approach adopts multiple sensors to measure the influence of boundary conditions. Then, only a single sensor is required for long-term monitoring of the cable. In this paper, an analytical model of the cable is firstly established. The influence of boundary conditions is calculated, which ensures the accuracy of mode shape identification. Furthermore, a field experiment is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the new approach. The results have demonstrated the effectiveness and accurateness of the proposed method in long-term short cable tension monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mefatinib (MET306) is a novel second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) designed to address the highly unmet clinical need of gefitinib-induced resistance and irreversibly bind to mutated tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). In this study, a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for determining MET306 in non-small cell lung cancer patients and a backpropagation artificial neural network was developed and constructed to predict the pharmacokinetic process. The mobile phase was water containing 5 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min−1, within a 4.5 min run time. MET306 was separated on a Hypersil Gold-C18 at 40 °C and subjected to mass analysis using positive electrospray ionization. A total of 524 data were used as development groups and 145 data were used as testing groups. The final established Northern Goshawk Optimization-Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (NGO-BPANN) model consisted of one input layer with 6 neurons, 1 hidden layer with 10 nodes, and 1 output layer with one node processed by MATLAB2021a.The calibration range of MET306 was 0.5–200 ng mL−1 with the correlation coefficient r ≥ 0.99. Accuracies ranged from 97.20 to 110.80% and the inter- and intra-assay precision were less than 15%. The ranges of extraction recoveries were 104.95% to 112.09% for analyte and internal standard and there was no significant matrix effect. The storage stability under different conditions was in accordance with the bioanalytical guidelines. The time-concentration profiles of the measured and predicted concentrations of MET306 by NGO-BPANN agree well. An NGO-BPANN model was developed to predict the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters of MET306 in the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Febuxostat is recommended by the American College of Rheumatology Gout Management Guidelines as a first‐line therapy for lowering the level of urate in patients with gout. At present, this drug is being prescribed mainly based on the clinical experience of doctors. The potential effects of clinical and demographic variables on the bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of febuxostat are not being considered. In this study a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of febuxostat was developed, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the individualized dosing of this drug in gout patients. The plasma concentration–time profiles corresponding to healthy subjects and gout patients with normal kidney function were simulated and validated; then, the model was used to predict the pharmacokinetic (PK) data of the drug in gout patients suffering from varying degrees of impaired kidney function. The error values (the predicted value/observed value) were used to validate the simulated PK parameters predicted by the PBPK model, including the area under the plasma concentration–time curve, the maximum plasma concentration, and time to maximum plasma concentration. Considering that to all error fold changes were smaller than 2, the PBPK model was. In subjects suffering from mild kidney impairment, moderate kidney impairment, severe kidney impairment, and endstage kidney disease (ESRD), the predicted AUC0‐24h values increased by 1.62, 1.74, 2.27, and 2.65‐fold, respectively, compared to gout patients with normal kidney function. Overall, the results showed that the PBPK model constructed in this study predict the pharmacokinetic changes in gout patients suffering from varying degrees of impaired kidney function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ce-doped TiO 2 (0 0 1) single-atom (SA) catalyst exhibit superior SO 2 /H 2 O-resistance. • CT(0 0 1)-SA protect Ce site from sulfation/hydration with TiO 2 (0 0 1) as trapping site. • Electron capture behavior of SO 2 /H 2 O cause an electron-deficient state of CT(0 0 1)-SA. • Electron-deficiency promote NH 3 adsorption and suppress secondary sulfation/hydration. • Sulfation/hydration exhibite a "dual-edged sword" effect for NH 3 -SCR on CT(0 0 1)-SA. SO 2 /H 2 O-resistance remains challenges for selective catalytic reduction with NH 3 (NH 3 -SCR). The detailed promotion and/or inhibition effects of sulfation/hydration on cerium-titanium (CT) catalysts for NH 3 -SCR are still controversial. Herein, a series of adsorption characteristics, bonding strengths, electronic effects, and reaction pathways were performed by first-principles density functional theory calculations to explore the structure-performance/resistance of CT catalysts and unravel the effects of sulfation/hydration for NH 3 -SCR. We constructed six CT catalyst structures based on three TiO 2 facets [(0 0 1)/(1 0 1)/(1 0 0)] and two surface configurations [single-atom (SA)/interface (IF)]. CT(0 0 1)-SA could protect the active Ce site from sulfation/hydration with TiO 2 (0 0 1) as SO 2 /H 2 O-trapping site, which was the optimal SO 2 /H 2 O-resistant structure among six CT catalyst structures. An electron-deficient state of CT(0 0 1)-SA was caused by sulfation/hydration through electron capture behavior. From the perspective of reactants adsorption, this electron-deficient state not only promoted the NH 3 /NO adsorption but also suppressed the secondary sulfation/hydration. As for NH 3 -SCR pathways, hydration promoted NH 3 dissociation, N-N coupling, and N-O breaking, but inhibited the H1 transfer (rate-determining step). Sulfation impaired the redox ability of Ce site, promoted H1 transfer and N-O breaking, but inhibited the NH 3 dissociation, N-N coupling, and H2 transfer (rate-determining step). Hence, sulfation/hydration exhibited "dual-edged sword" effects for NH 3 -SCR on CT(0 0 1)-SA via electronic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attenuation of short stress pulses under different levels of precompression was investigated in a one-dimensional strongly nonlinear discrete metamaterial assembled using alternating steel disks and toroidal Nitrile O-rings. The results were compared with the numerical modeling. A double power-law is used to describe the nonlinear interaction between the disks due to the compression of rubber O-rings. The dispersion behavior caused by the periodic arrangement of elements is contributing to the attenuation of pulse, but could not explain the experimental observations. It was explained by taking into account the nonlinear viscous behavior of O-rings. The numerical simulations were able to predict the dependence of the signal speed on the precompression force, a significant decrease of the pulse width with the precompression and the attenuation of the leading positive pulse, the latter of major significance in the protection against impact. This strongly nonlinear dissipative metamaterial has a potential for attenuation of dynamic loading and allows an enhanced tunability of signal speed and degree of attenuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is known and objective: Febuxostat is a well‐known drug for treating hyperuricemia and gout. The published methods for determination of febuxostat in human plasma might be unsuitable for high‐throughput determination and widespread application. We need to develop a highly selective, sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method. Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypersil Gold‐C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.9 μm) column with mobile phase A (Water containing 0.1% formic acid) and mobile phase B (acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid). Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for quantification using target ions at m/z 315.3 → m/z 271.3 for febuxostat and m/z 324.3 → m/z 280.3 for Febuxostat‐d9 (IS). A backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN) pharmacokinetic model was constructed by the data of bioequivalence study. Results and Discussion: After the LC‐MS/MS method validated, it was successfully applied to the bioequivalence study of 30 human volunteers under fed condition. The predicted concentrations generated by BPANN model had a high correlation coefficient with experimental values. What is new and conclusion: A sensitive LC‐MS/MS method had been developed and validated for determination of febuxostat in healthy subjects under fed condition, and a BPANN model was developed that can be used to predict the plasma concentration of febuxostat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a generative adversarial network (GAN) called conditional Wasserstein GAN‐gradient penalty (CWGAN‐GP)&DenseNet and ResNet, and a convolutional neural network (CNN) called improved CNN to complete underwater sonar image classification. Specifically, to solve the problem of insufficient underwater sonar image data, the CWGAN‐GP&DR is developed to expand underwater sonar image data set. Besides, to improve the analysis and utilisation of the feature map and reduce the misclassification rate of categories with similar probabilities, improved CNN is proposed to complete the final underwater sonar image classification. Finally, compared with other methods, the CWGAN‐GP&DR generate better underwater sonar images and effectively expand the underwater sonar image data set. Moreover, compared with the original data set and other expanded data set, the highest accuracy rate of 85.00% can be obtained on the CWGAN‐GP&DR expanded data set by CNN. Furthermore, CNN, CNN‐bais and improved CNN are used to perform classification experiments on each data set, and the accuracy of the improved CNN is the highest on all data sets and reached the highest accuracy of 87.71% on CWGAN‐GP&DR expanded data set. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the performance of underwater sonar image classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN) model was established for the prediction of the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters of rosuvastatin (RVST) in healthy subjects. The data (demographic characteristics and results of clinical laboratory tests) were collected from 4 bioequivalence studies using reference 10‐mg RVST calcium tablets. After the data were cleaned using extreme gradient boosting, 13 important factors were extracted to construct the BPANN model. The model was fully validated, and mean impact values (MIVs) were calculated. The model was used to predict the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters of oral single‐dose RVST in healthy subjects under fasting and fed conditions. The predicted and measured values were compared in order to evaluate the accuracy of prediction. The constructed model performed well in validation. The top 3 factors ranked by MIV related to RVST concentration are fasting/fed, time, and creatinine clearance. The time‐concentration profiles of the measured and predicted data agreed well. There were no significant differences (P >.05) in the area under the concentration‐time curve from 0 to the last measurable concentration (AUC0‐t) and extrapolated to infinity (AUC0‐∞), half‐time of elimination, peak concentration, and time to peak concentration of the measured data and data predicted by BPANN. The BPANN model has an accurate prediction ability and can be used to predict RVST concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Ce-based three-dimensional (3D) mesoporous microspheres with Mn homogeneous incorporation were synthesized. The CeMn-0.4, characterized by a Ce/Mn molar ratio of 6:4, demonstrated exceptional catalytic activity and stability. The formation of CeMn solid solution strengthened the Ce-Mn interaction, yielding higher concentrations of Ce3+ and Mn4+. Mn4+ initiated toluene preliminary activation owing to its robust oxidative properties, while Ce3+ contributed to oxygen vacancy generation, enhancing the activation of gaseous oxygen and lattice oxygen mobility. Integrating experiments and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations elucidated the oxygen reaction mechanisms. A portion of oxygen was converted into surface reactive oxygen species (O ads) that directly oxidized toluene. Additionally, the presence of oxygen vacancies promoted the participation of oxygen in toluene oxidation by converting it into lattice oxygen, which was crucial for the deep oxidation of toluene. Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) indicated the accumulation of benzene-ring intermediates on the catalyst surface hindered continuous toluene oxidation. Thus, the abundant oxygen vacancies in CeMn-0.4 played a pivotal role in sustaining the oxidation process by bolstering the activation of gaseous oxygen and the mobility of lattice oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reasonably incorporate local and global monitoring response data into dynamic update in the weighted combination models for a closer correlation between global damage and local damage, a logical time-variant correlation between global damage and local damage is established for reinforced concrete structures under strong earthquakes. Two sets of dynamic weight coefficients used to characterize the relative damage contribution of floors through modal information and energy information are suggested in the correlation. The modal information-based weight coefficients that are defined as the normalized accumulative times of reserved floors could be capable of retaining the necessary information of relatively weak floors or sensitive regions with localized damage significance, while the energy information-based weight coefficients based on the normalized curvature difference of 'jerk energy' are helpful to quantify the relative degree of floor damages accumulated by hysteretic dissipated energy. The combination factors corresponding to the proposed dynamic weight coefficients, together with static weight coefficients, are calibrated by a macroscopic global seismic damage model. The results from the example study indicate that these factors show different changing rules with increasing peak ground acceleration level. Modal information-based weight coefficients have been found to have a desirable agreement with the inter-story pure translation ratios. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An UPLC-MS/MS method of CX3002 in human plasma was established. • The method was fully validated according to the FDA and EMA guidelines. • The developed method was succesfully applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study. A simple, selective, rapid, and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to determine CX3002 in human plasma using CX3002-d3 as the internal standard (IS). After a rapid protein precipitation with acetonitrile (3:1, v/v), the chromatographic separation of CX3002 and IS was performed on a Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.9 μm) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. Gradient elution was achieved with mobile phase A consisting of water containing 0.1% formic acid and 5 mmol/L ammonium formate and mobile phase B consisting of methanol containing 0.1% formic acid. The detection was performed on AB SCIEX QTRAP® 5500 tandem mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode. Multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) was used for quantitative analysis at transition of m / z 460.3 → 199.3 for CX3002 and m / z 463.3 → 202.3 m / z for IS. The method was fully validated and displayed good linearity over a concentration range of 0.2–400 ng/mL with the correlation coefficient above 0.997. The intra-run and inter-run precision (coefficient of variation, CV) ranged from 0.60%–16.46% and the accuracy bias ranged from −7.09%–9.75%. The mean IS-normalized extraction recovery ranged from 98.30% to 104.52%. The CV(%) of IS-normalized matrix factors at the low and high QC concentration were 4.09% and 1.68%, respectively. The storage stability under different conditions was in accordance with the bioanalytical guidelines. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of CX3002 (30 mg) in healthy Chinese subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we give a new method to solve the quantum colored Yang–Baxter matrix equation (QCYBE), and a class of solutions to the QCYBE is given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• A portable optical fiber-based LSPR biosensor was successfully developed to determine the concentration of ZEN. • This tip LSPR biosensor could be regenerated by simple cutting and polishing the end of the used facet of optical fiber. • Key factors, the distribution of gold nanoparticles, pH and density of ZEN aptamer, were optimized in the LSPR biosensor. • This LSPR biosensor displayed an excellent ZEN detection performance in real sample. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, food safety issues have gradually become one of the main concerns. Rapid and accurate detection of zearalenone (ZEN) in food has attracted broad research interest. In this work, a low-cost, portable, and reusable optical fiber-based localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor for ZEN was developed. Gold nanoparticles around 25 nm were synthesized and coated on the cross-section of the end of an optical fiber, and then the ZEN nucleic acid aptamer was modified to form the LSPR biosensor for ZEN detection. Results showed that there was a good relationship between ZEN concentrations and the redshifts of LSPR peak in the range of 1 ∼ 480 ng/mL, the limit of detection was 0.102 ng/mL. Moreover, the sensing interface could be easily regenerated by cutting and polishing the end of the optical fiber, indicating that the LSPR biosensor was reusable. It also has exceptional high selectivity for ZEN and good recovery and repeatability, which has a good prospect for the on-site ZEN monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epalrestat is a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of aldose reductase with selective inhibition of aldose reductase. It can inhibit the accumulation of sorbitol in red blood cells in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and can improve patients' conscious symptoms and neurological dysfunction. This study was designed to evaluate the bioequivalence in healthy Chinese subjects of a new test formulation and reference formulation of oral epalrestat (50 mg) in the fasting state. The study was performed with 44 healthy Chinese subjects according to a randomized 2‐way crossover design. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test formulation and reference formulation as follows: 4793 and 4781 ng/mL for maximum plasma concentration, 8556 and 8431 ng h/mL for area under the plasma concentration‐time curve extrapolated to infinity. The test formulation of epalrestat was bioequivalent to the reference formulation. The bioequivalence study of epalrestat in healthy Chinese subjects suggests that the test and reference formulations have similar pharmacokinetics and both formulations are well tolerated in the dose range studied in healthy Chinese subjects. All these findings provided valuable pharmacokinetic knowledge for further clinical development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the classification of Reimannian symmetric spaces given by É. Cartan. Realization of exceptional classical domains; Determination of holomorphic automorphism group; Realization of indecomposable symmetric Seigel domains.

Conductive hydrogels have attracted considerable attention due to their promising applications in a variety of fields. However, conductive hydrogels prepared by conventional strategies usually suffer from poor mechanical properties and low fatigue resistance. In this study, a synergistic strategy to fabricate macroporous conductive hydrogels (PC‐hydrogels) by introducing macroporous structure to the hydrogels is reported. The polypyrrole can distribute uniformly in the hydrogel network, thus endowing the hydrogels with good electrical conductivity and outstanding fatigue resistance. Moreover, the combination of stiff polypyrrole and soft hydrogel network can enhance the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. As a result, the PC‐hydrogels show negligible performance degradation after being compressed for more than 1200 cycles. Furthermore, the PC‐hydrogels‐based sensors can detect a variety of human motions with different intensities and ranges. The outstanding mechanical reliability and electrical conductivity make these PC‐hydrogels suitable for application in areas of strain sensors and wearable devices. Macroporous conductive hydrogels (PC‐hydrogels) that combine stiff conductive polymers with a soft hydrogel network in the porous structure possess outstanding mechanical durability. The conductivity shows strong strain dependence which results in the strain sensor based on PC‐hydrogels that can detect a variety of human motions with different intensities and ranges, such as standing, walking, running, and jumping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first proposes a novel framework for combining deep learning approach and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technique to evaluate and predict the condition of bridge displacement. The Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and the Small Baseline Subsets InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) are used to predict the longitudinal deformation of the bridge. Firstly, the proposed framework based on LSTM is established to obtain the relationship between the longitudinal deformation of the bridge and the influence parameters (such as temperature, temporal baseline, and others). In particular, the residual connection (RC) module is adapted to form the residual long short-term memory (Res-LSTM) neural network to improve prediction accuracy and robustness. A case study in Nanjing is analyzed to verify the performance of the proposed framework. The extracted datasets obtained from Sentienl-1 are divided into the training, validation, and testing dataset, which can satisfy the requirements in the engineering field. The R 2 and MSE of the testing datasets utilizing the proposed model are 93.17% and 15.62. Furthermore, the results indicated that the proposed framework based on Res-LSTM could predict and warn the abnormal structural deformation, extend the lifespan of structures, and minimize structural damage due to excessive deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Optimality principle of the cascade reservoirs joint optimal operation is discussed. • A two-stage optimal problem similar to the POA optimal process is constructed. • The existence of the monotonic principle is proved by numerical simulation. • Two typical cascade reservoirs are analyzed by using the optimal principle. The joint optimal dispatching of cascade hydropower stations aims to maximize economic benefits while satisfying various constraints. However, numerous studies have failed to acknowledge the significance of the intrinsic optimization principle and lack discussion on this issue. This study started with a mathematical principle analysis of the optimization problem and studied the optimality principle puzzle of the joint optimal dispatching of cascade hydropower stations. First, a two-stage optimization problem was constructed to describe the relationship between the variation in discharge and the incremental function of the total energy generation of the reservoir. Subsequently, the first and second derivatives of the cascade total generating capacity increment to cascade reservoir discharge variation were derived, and the existence condition of monotonically decreasing the first derivative was proposed. Moreover, the monotonicity principle was proven through numerical simulations by comparing the optimization results of POA and the monotonicity principle coupled IPOA in the cascade hydropower stations operation of the Jinsha River, it was found that in terms of power generation and computational efficiency, IPOA is superior to POA. Finally, using this optimization principle, the optimal operation mode of the two typical cascade reservoirs was analyzed in the case studies. The example results show that the proposed optimal principle can theoretically analyze and clarify the optimal operation mode of cascade reservoirs, and the operation modes of the two typical cascade reservoirs can provide guidance and reference for the operation modes of cascade reservoirs in real life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the drug‐drug interaction (DDI) of ciprofol injectable emulsion and mefenamic acid capsules in healthy subjects. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects were enrolled in this single‐centre, open‐label, two‐period DDI study. Ciprofol (0.4 mg kg−1) was administered as a single dose on days 1 and 5. A 500‐mg oral loading dose of mefenamic acid was given on day 4 followed by a 250‐mg maintenance dose every 6 h (a total of eight doses). Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analyses were collected. Depth of anaesthesia was monitored using the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (MOAA/S) scale and Bispectral Index scores (BISs). Results: Compared with administration of ciprofol alone, administration with mefenamic acid showed no significant difference in exposure. The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and their 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration‐time curve calculated from 0 to the last measurement point (AUC0‐last) and AUC to infinity (AUC0‐inf) were 91.6% (86.5‐96.9%), 103.3% (100.3‐106.4%) and 107.0% (101.2‐113.2%), respectively. The MOAA/S and BIS curves for the two treatment periods essentially coincided, indicating that the anaesthesia effect of ciprofol was not affected by mefenamic acid. Seven subjects (35%) reported eight adverse events (AEs) when ciprorol was administered alone and 12 subjects (60%) reported 18 AEs when ciprofol was administered in combination with mefenamic acid. All AEs were mild. Conclusions: Mefenamic acid, a UGT1A9 inhibitor, had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ciprofol in healthy subjects. Ciprofol was safe and well tolerated when administered with mefenamic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let D be a bounded positive (m, p)-circle domain in ℂ2. The authors prove that if dim(Iso(D)0) = 2, then D is holomorphically equivalent to a Reinhardt domain; if dim(Iso(D)0) = 4, then D is holomorphically equivalent to the unit ball in ℂ2. Moreover, the authors prove the Thullen’s classification on bounded Reinhardt domains in ℂ2 by the Lie group technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing popularity of fuel cells, improving their power density and the fuel cell system efficiency has become very topical. This study used the curved wing vortex generator to generate a secondary flow in the cathode flow channel to improve the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The curved wing's structure and arrangement effects on the performance of fuel cells were numerically simulated. Next, to summarize the combined effects of cathode operating conditions on the performance of PEMFC, this study used the response surface method to assess the influence of operating conditions variables on the performance target of PEMFC with curved wings. The combined effects of cathode operating conditions, namely temperature, pressure, reactant stoichiometry, and relative humidity, on the system efficiency and power density of the fuel cell system were investigated. The predictive correlations between these variables were also fitted. The installation of curved wings promoted the diffusion of reactants, as well as improved the uniformity of temperature distribution and the discharge of liquid water in the fuel cell, enhancing its overall performance. Among the four operating parameters under study, the most significant effect on the fuel cell power density was provided by the temperature, followed by pressure, humidity, and reactant stoichiometry. The fuel cell efficiency was the most significantly improved by increasing the relative humidity, while temperature increase had the second‐best impact, followed by pressure, and reactant stoichiometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiadhesive hydrogels have been developed for preventing the formation of postoperative adhesions. However, it is challenging to design an injectable hydrogel with superior tissue retention properties that can be easily administered during minimally invasive surgical procedures to prevent the development of postsurgical adhesions. In this study, an injectable asymmetric‐adhesive hydrogel is fabricated using photocurable catechol‐grafted hyaluronic acid (HAD) for use during minimally invasive procedures to prevent the development of postoperative adhesions. The hydrogel exhibits superior tissue retention properties and favorably inhibits postoperative adhesion formation. This is the first time that an injectable hydrogel is designed via photocrosslinking to control asymmetric‐adhesive capability. The results show that laparoscopically delivered HAD precursor acts as a wet adhesive on the injured cecum, while its outward‐facing side is nonadherent after photocrosslinking. Intriguingly, the HAD acts as a physical barrier and polyanion trap to neutralize scavenger receptors, thereby inhibiting collagen deposition and uncontrolled recruitment of GATA6+ cavity macrophages. Furthermore, the HAD significantly downregulates the expression of fibrosis‐related and proinflammatory cytokines and promotes macrophage polarization. These results demonstrate that injection of the hydrogel can be readily integrated into laparoscopic surgery. Moreover, the HAD may be suitable for preventing adhesion formation after minimally invasive surgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, controlling diverse functions in cells, is one of the most frequently dysregulated pathways in cancer. Several negative regulators have been reported to intricately constrain the overactivation of PI3K pathway. Phosphatidylinoinosidine-3-kinase interacting protein 1 (PIK3IP1), as a unique transmembrane protein, is a newly discovered negative regulator of PI3K pathway. PIK3IP1 negatively regulates PI3K activity by directly binding to the p110 catalytic subunit of PI3K. It has been reported that PIK3IP1 is frequently low expressed in tumors and autoimmune diseases. In tumor cells and impaired cardiomyocyte, PIK3IP1 inhibits cell proliferation and survival. Consistently, the expression of PIK3IP1 is related with the condition of cancer. In addition, PIK3IP1 inhibits the inflammatory response and immune function via maintaining the quiescent state of immune cells. Thus, low expression of PIK3IP1 represents the severe condition of autoimmune diseases. PIK3IP1 is regulated by transcription factors, epigenetic factors or micro-RNAs to facilitate its normal function in different cellular contexts. This review integrates the total findings on PIK3IP1 in different disease, and summaries the structure, biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of PIK3IP1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing the resistance of SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst to K poisoning can be effectively achieved through modification. This study investigated the impact of transition metal modification on improving the ability of Ce/TiO 2 (CT) catalysts to resist K poisoning by DFT (Density functional theory) calculations. Mo-, Nb-, and W-doping could effectively suppress the adsorption of K. O v (oxygen vacancy) formation and hydrogenation reactions were both facilitated due to the modification of Cu, Co and Sb. The Cu-doping had a significant contribution to the adsorption of NH 3 and NO, and showed the best resistance to K poisoning in the adsorption of reactive species. Additionally, Cu-doping decreased the energy barriers for NH 3 dehydrogenation, NH 2 NO generation and decomposition, and NO 2 formation on CT catalyst, and weakened the inhibition effect of K on the above elementary reactions. Consequently, this provided an effective improvement in the k-poisoning tolerance of the CT catalysts. [Display omitted] • A method for screening modified elements based on DFT calculation was reported. • M-doping benefits hydrogenation, oxygen vacancy formation, and adsorption of NH 3 /NO. • M-doping mitigated the toxic effect of K in adsorption energy and energy barrier. • The modification effect of Cu was better than that of Co, Sb, Mo, Zr, Nb, W. • CCuT extremely weakened the inhibition of E-R and L-H mechanisms by K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Nb doping enhances the acidity of Ce-Ti catalysts and anti-poisoning performance. • Zn prefers to adsorb around Nb and the Ce sites are further protected by Nb. • Zn species reduce the specific surface area and occupy acidic sites of CNT. • Anions creates new NH 3 adsorption sites but the activation of adsorbed NH 3 is more difficult. The effect of different Zn species (ZnSO 4 , ZnCl 2 , and ZnO) on Nb-doped Ce-Ti catalyst (CNT) was explored with XRD, N 2 physisorption, NH 3 -TPD, H 2 -TPR, XPS, in situ DRIFTS and DFT calculation. The experimental results show that the deactivation rate of CNT by different Zn species was in the order: CNT-ZC > CNT-ZO > CNT-ZS. Nb doping enhanced the acidity of Ce-Ti catalyst and protected Ce active sites from different Zn species. After different Zn species were loaded on CNT, its specific surface area decreased, and the acid sites were occupied. The results from in situ DRIFTS demonstrated that, after anion poisoning, anions (SO 4 2-, O2–, and Cl-) would create new NH 3 adsorption sites while theoretical calculations also indicated that NH 3 adsorption was enhanced by the poisoning of anions, but the activation of adsorbed NH 3 was more difficult. Finally, in situ DRIFTS reveals that the SCR reaction on CNT is still under both E-R and L-H mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The imidazolyl ligands, bis(N-imidazolyl)methane (L1) and 1,4-bis(N-imidazolyl)butane (L2) reacted with Zn(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) salts of carboxylic acids resulting in the formation of five metal–organic coordination architectures, [Zn(L1)(CO3)] · H2O (1), [Cu(L2)(cnic)2] · H2O (2) (cnic = 2-chloronicotinate), [Cu2(L2)2(adip)2] · 6H2O (3) (adip = adipate), [Ni(mal)(L1)(H2O)] (4) (mal = malonate), and [Ni3(ctc3 − )2(L1)6] · 35H2O (5) (ctc −  = citrate). All complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, TG, and X-ray diffraction analyses. The different coordination modes of the carboxylates due to their chain length and rigidity lead to a range of different coordination structures. All these complexes display 3-D framework structures with a number of non-conventional weak interactions. The carboxylates can adopt bridging μ 2, chelating μ 2, chelating-bridging μ 3, and chelating μ 3 coordination modes. The metals are coordinated in N2O2, N2O3, N2O4, N3O3, and N6 fashions depending on the metal and ancillary ligands. The frameworks of the five compounds are thermally stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two organic salts (4-phenylthiazol-2-amine):(sulfuric acid) [(HL1)·(SO)]·CHOH·HO ( 1), and (4-phenylthiazol-2-amine):(hydrochloride acid) [HL1·(Cl)]·HO ( 2) based on 4-phenylthiazol-2-amine (L1) were prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a = 22.329(2) Å, b = 9.6580(10) Å, c = 24.484(3) Å, β = 113.528(2)º, V = 4841.1(9) Å, Z = 8. For 1, the cations were connected through HO molecules and the sulfate anions to form a 1D chain running along the b axis direction. Two such adjacent chains were joined together through π-π and O-H···O interactions along the c axis direction to generate a double chain structure. The double chains were further connected by N-H···O, N-H···S, and O-S interactions to form tetra-chain structure. The cations also form dimers via π-π interactions. On every chain of the tetramers there were bonded the cation dimers through C-H···O interactions. The cation dimers were sandwiched between the tetra-chains to form a 3D ABAB layer structure when viewed along the a axis direction. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, with a = 12.6604(12) Å, b = 9.1400(8) Å, c = 10.1263(11) Å, β = 110.2230(10)º, V = 1099.54(19) Å, Z = 4. In 2, the cations were connected by N-H···Cl, and S-Cl interactions to form a 1D chain extending along the b axis direction. Two neighboring chains were further connected by N-H···Cl hydrogen bonds to form a double chain structure. Adjacent double chains were stacked along the a axis direction through O-H···Cl hydrogen bonds to form a 3D layer network structure. Graphical Abstract: Due to the weak interactions, the complex displays 3D network structure.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we give a new method to solve the quantum coloured Yang–Baxter matrix equation (QCYBE), and the general solution for a kind of QCYBE is given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Long-term studies have shown that virus infection affects the energy metabolism of host cells, which mainly affects the function of mitochondria and leads to the hydrolysis of ATP in host cells, but it is not clear how virus infection participates in mitochondrial energy metabolism in host cells. In our study, HUVEC cells were infected with HSV-1, and the differentially expressed genes were obtained by microarray analysis and data analysis. The viral gene encoding protein UL16 was identified to interact with host protein ANT2 by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. We also reported that UL16 transfection promoted oxidative phosphorylation of glucose and significantly increased intracellular ATP content. Furthermore, UL16 was transfected into the HUVEC cell model with mitochondrial dysfunction induced by d-Gal, and it was found that UL16 could restore the mitochondrial function of cells. It was first discovered that viral protein UL16 could enhance mitochondrial function in mammalian cells by promoting mitochondrial metabolism. This study provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction or the pathological process related to mitochondrial dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A randomized, open‐label, 2‐period crossover study was performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of 2 erlotinib hydrochloride tablets (a test formulation and a reference formulation) in healthy Chinese subjects. Subjects were randomized to receive a single oral dose of the erlotinib hydrochloride test or reference formulation (150 mg) under fasting conditions. The washout period was 12 days. Blood samples were collected at scheduled time points, and plasma concentrations were determined using a high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. A noncompartmental method was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters and to evaluate the bioequivalence of the 2 formulations. Safety assessments were performed during the whole study period. The results suggest that the pharmacokinetic parameter values of the test formulation were similar to those of the reference formulation. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric least‐squares mean ratios of the test to reference formulation were 94.06% to 105.43% for maximum concentration, 88.21% to 97.57% for area under the concentration‐time curve to last measurement, and 87.37% to 97.14% for area under the curve extrapolated to infinity, which are all within the accepted bioequivalence range of 80% to 125%. No serious adverse events occurred during the study. These findings suggest that the 2 erlotinib hydrochloride tablets were bioequivalent in accordance with predetermined regulatory criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The effect of different metal doping (Cu, Co, Ce, Fe) on the oxidation performance of α-MnO 2 toluene was revealed. • MnCu exhibits excellent catalytic activity, thermal stability, and resistance to H 2 O due to the optimal crystal structure, appropriate Mn3+/Mn4+ proportion, and superior redox properties. • The generation of oxygen vacancies in MnCu promotes the Mn3+ ↔ Mn4+ interconversion and lattice oxygen (O lat) migration. • The highest lattice oxygen (O lat) mobility in MnCu accelerates the deep oxidation of toluene. • The balance between toluene adsorption and deep oxidation is needed to ensure that toluene can be oxidized continuously. α-MnO 2 doped with four metals (Cu, Ce, Co, Fe) were prepared via a redox co-precipitation method. MnCu exhibited the highest activity and the temperature required for achieving 90% toluene conversion was 224℃ at a weight hourly space velocity of 30000 mL·g−1·h−1. Moreover, MnCu possessed outstanding thermal stability and resistance to H 2 O. The optimal crystal structure, appropriate Mn3+/Mn4+ proportion, and superior redox properties of MnCu contributed to the generation of oxygen vacancies and the highest lattice oxygen (O lat) mobility. Both surface and bulk lattice oxygen consumed in MnCu can be supplemented promptly by gaseous oxygen. Therefore, a balance between toluene adsorption and deep oxidation was built in MnCu to ensure the continuous oxidation of toluene. Although the abundant surface defects and a relatively active surface lattice oxygen accelerated the adsorption and activation of toluene over MnFe, it exhibited the poorest activity. This was because the deep oxidation of toluene was inhibited owing to poor lattice oxygen migration. The adsorbed toluene and part intermediates might cover the catalyst surface preventing the continuous oxidation of toluene. This further illustrated that the deep oxidation of toluene was much more important than the adsorption for the design of MnO 2 -based mixed oxide catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study found NRG1 upregulation in esophageal cancer due to gene amplification, promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Afatinib inhibits NRG1-overexpressed ESCC effectively. [Display omitted] Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive tumor with significant heterogeneity in incidence and outcomes. The role of Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) in ESCC and its contribution to aggressiveness remain unknown. This study aims to investigate the functions and molecular mechanisms of NRG1 in ESCC as well as the treatment strategy for ESCC with overexpression of NRG1. We firstly demonstrated the upregulation of NRG1 and a negative correlation trend between patients' overall survival (OS) and the expression level of NRG1 in esophageal cancer. And then we found NRG1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, inhibited apoptosis, and accelerated tumorigenesis and metastasis in ESCC using cell lines and xenograft models. Furthermore, we discovered that NRG1 activated the NF-κB/MMP9 signaling pathway, contributing to the metastatic phenotype in ESCC. Finally, we show that afatinib (FDA approved cancer growth blocker) could inhibit ESCC with overexpressed NRG1 and down-regulation of NRG1 along with afatinib treatment provides higher efficient strategy. This study uncovers the critical role and molecular mechanism of NRG1 in ESCC tumorigenesis and metastasis, suggesting its potential as a novel biomarker for ESCC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of clustering algorithms in object segmentation depends on the quality of the evaluation criterion. However, sonar images are seriously affected by noise. Most of the existing evaluation criteria such as the Davies Bouldin (DB) criterion only considers their pixel value, and sonar image information extraction is not sufficient. As a result, they fail to achieve good underwater object segmentation results. To overcome this problem, this study proposes an improved DB criterion with pulse ‐coupled neural network (PCNN), which is called the DB‐PCNN. In the calculation process of DB‐PCNN, the role of internal activity items in PCNN is considered, which can make better use of pixel information in adjacent space on the sonar image. The experimental results show that DB‐PCNN can further improve the accuracy of underwater object segmentation and has certain adaptability to different optimisation frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of clustering algorithms in object segmentation depends on the quality of the evaluation criterion. However, sonar images are seriously affected by noise. Most of the existing evaluation criteria such as the Davies Bouldin (DB) criterion only considers their pixel value, and sonar image information extraction is not sufficient. As a result, they fail to achieve good underwater object segmentation results. To overcome this problem, this study proposes an improved DB criterion with pulse -coupled neural network (PCNN), which is called the DB-PCNN. In the calculation process of DB-PCNN, the role of internal activity items in PCNN is considered, which can make better use of pixel information in adjacent space on the sonar image. The experimental results show that DB-PCNN can further improve the accuracy of underwater object segmentation and has certain adaptability to different optimisation frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of food and gender on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in healthy Chinese subjects were investigated from 4 bioequivalence studies. These studies were designed as randomized, open‐label, and 2‐period crossover in both fasting and fed states. A total of 204 subjects were enrolled, 134 men and 70 women. These subjects received a single oral 10‐mg dose of rosuvastatin with a 7‐day washout between 2 periods. The plasma concentrations were determined using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods. Compared with the fasting condition, administration after a high‐fat and high‐calorie meal resulted in an approximately 40% reduction of rosuvastatin exposure and a near 50% decrease in absorption rate. Moreover, the apparent clearance was significantly greater in the fed state than that in the fasting state. It was noted that the adverse events incidence is increased by approximately 30% in the fasting state; however, no serious adverse events were observed. Additionally, small differences in pharmacokinetic characteristics were found between male and female subjects. Food effect might be considered for optimal effectiveness and safety of rosuvastatin therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Na poisoning mechanism on Ce/TiO 2 (001) surface was studied by DFT calculations. • Ce/TiO 2 (001) surface was easily poisoned due to the high affinity with Na. • Na doping changed the catalyst structure and reduced the reactivity of the surface. • Na poisoning significantly increased the energy barrier of elementary reactions. • Both Eley-Rideal and Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanisms were inhibited. The presence of alkali metal Na in flue gas can significantly impair the reactivity of Ce/TiO 2 (CT) SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst. This study investigates the deactivation mechanism of Na on the Ce/TiO 2 catalyst using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, focusing on the adsorption of surface species and the pathway of elementary reaction. Due to the high affinity between Na atom and the catalyst surface, Na poisoning readily occurs on Ce/TiO 2 (001) surface. The presence of Na on the catalyst surface hampers hydrogenation, oxygen vacancy formation, and NH 3 adsorption, while also reducing the catalyst's acidity and reducibility. Additionally, Na impedes the NH 3 dehydrogenation reaction, as well as the formation and decomposition of NH 2 NO and the dissociation of O 2 on the catalyst surface, thereby inhibiting the NH 3 -SCR reaction. The inhibition of NO 2 formation further affects the fast SCR reaction, which may explain the low-temperature deactivation of the catalyst. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the high-temperature performance, antiaging performance, and storage stability of rubber asphalt, nano-organic montmorillonite (NOMMT) was mixed with rubber asphalt. Macroscopic influences of NOMMT on rubber asphalt were measured through penetration, softening point, ductility, rotational viscosity tests, dynamic shear rheology test, and bending beam rheology test at low temperature and were conducted on rubber asphalt with different contents of NOMMT. Then, the microscopic mechanism of NOMMT on the microscopic performance of rubber asphalt was studied through using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the rubber particles were smoother, uniform, and dispersed after NOMMT was introduced, and the compatibility between NOMMT and crumbed rubber powder was good. Some stable structures were formed in the composite modified asphalt. The disappearance of alcohol phenol and the increase in related groups such as alkane, benzene, and hydrocarbon indicated that chemical reaction occurred between NOMMT and rubber asphalt, resulting in the changes of the performance of the composite modified system, so that high-temperature stability, antiaging properties, and storage stability were improved but its low-temperature performance was decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CeO 2 /TiO 2 catalyst is a promising material for realizing the integration of denitrification and mercury removal to reduce mercury emissions. Oxidation mechanism of Hg0 on CeO 2 /TiO 2 (001) surface in the presence of HCl and O 2 was studied by density functional theory (DFT). The results indicated that Hg0 was physically adsorbed on CeO 2 /TiO 2 (001) surface. As an important intermediate, HgCl was adsorbed on the surface of CeO 2 /TiO 2 (001) utilizing enhanced chemisorption, while the adsorption energy of HgCl 2 was only −57.05 kJ/mol. In the absence of HCl, mercury oxidation followed the Mars-Maessen mechanism with a relatively high energy barrier, and the product (HgO) was difficult to desorb, which hindered the reaction process. When HCl existed, reactive chlorine (Cl*) would be produced by the dissociation of HCl, and the mercury oxidation would follow the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. The co-existence of HCl and O 2 had no significant effect on the adsorption of Hg0, but reduced the reaction energy barrier and the final product (HgCl 2) was more easily desorbed from the catalyst surface. In addition, two complete cyclic reaction pathways for catalytic oxidation of Hg0 on CeO 2 /TiO 2 (001) surface were constructed to clarify the detailed reaction process. [Display omitted] • Hg0 oxidation mechanism on CeO 2 /TiO 2 (001) surface was studied by DFT calculation. • Difficult formation and desorption of HgO result in low oxidation efficiency. • HCl and O 2 could significantly reduce the reaction energy barrier. • Hg0 oxidation by HCl followed Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. • Two complete catalytic cycles were constructed to understand the reaction pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• MeJA induces lateral root (LR) development in Malus hupehensis. • MeJA inhibits plant height and stem diameter of Malus hupehensis seedlings. • MeJA and auxin have a combined role in the induction of LR development. • Specific genes and pathways were presented in meja-mediated LR development. Malus hupehensis is regarded as a superior rootstock in China. In this study, in order to investigate the mechanism by which MeJA promotes and affects lateral root (LR) development, M. hupehensis seedlings were treated with exogenous applications of 1 μM methyl-jasmonate (MeJA). Results indicated that MeJA treatment promoted LR development, but inhibited shoot development. MeJA treatment increased the levels of both endogenous auxin (IAA) and zeatin-riboside (ZR), and reduced gibberellin (GA 1+3). Additionally, a significant upregulation in the expression of MdCOI1, MdMYC2 and MdJDL1 were also observed in response to the MeJA treatment. Although transcript levels of key IAA synthesis related genes increased, but those genes related to IAA transport were declined, which corresponded with higher IAA levels in the MeJA-treated samples. The expression of MdIAA5 , which is a negative regulator of MdARF7 , was dramatically downregulated in MeJA-treated apple seedlings, resulted in elevated expression of MdLBD16 and MdLBD29. Additionally, the expression of MdCYCD3;1 and MdCYCP4;1 were induced, which in turn increased LR development. Collectively, MeJA treatment increased the number of LRs and other growth characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptive materials with reconfigurable surface topography in response to external environments have attracted considerable attention in various fields. Here, adaptive superamphiphilic organohydrogels with reconfigurable surface topography are reported, featuring a high degree of freedom. The organohydrogels can simultaneously adapt to different surrounding mediums and reversibly switch between hydrogel‐ and organogel‐dominated surface reconfigurations to realize adaptive superhydrophilic and superoleophilic transitions. Meanwhile, these adaptive organohydrogels possess a heteronetwork complementary effect to elicit surface self‐healing capacity. Importantly, owing to these organohydrogels' reversible wettability transition, excellent surface morphing performance and bioinspired strategy, various geometrically complex biomimetic topographies can be programmed, offering unique unidirectional transport for opposite‐featured liquids in multimedia environments. Smart organohydrogel‐based microfluidic devices are also developed for on‐demand remote programming of liquid transport. Therefore, the organohydrogels suggest a reconfigurable surface topography design strategy, and would act as adaptive programmable materials for smart surface applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]