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Background Methods Results Conclusions Inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐resident transmembrane protein that senses ER stress and mediates an essential arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR). IRE1 reduces ER stress by upregulating the expression of multiple ER chaperones through activation of X‐box‐binding protein 1 (XBP1). Emerging lines of evidence have revealed that IRE1‐XBP1 axis serves as a multipurpose signal transducer during oncogenic transformation and cancer development. In this study, we explore how IRE1‐XBP1 signaling promotes chemoresistance in lung cancer.The expression patterns of UPR components and MRP1 were examined by Western blot. qRT‐PCR was employed to determine RNA expression. The promoter activity was determined by luciferase reporter assay. Chemoresistant cancer cells were analyzed by viability, apoptosis. CUT & Tag (Cleavage under targets and tagmentation)‐qPCR analysis was used for analysis of DNA‐protein interaction.Here we show that activation of IRE1α‐XBP1 pathway leads to an increase in MDR‐related protein 1 (MRP1) expression, which facilitates drug extrusion and confers resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy. At the molecular level, XBP1‐induced c‐Myc is necessary for SREBP1 expression, and SREBP1 binds to the MRP1 promoter to directly regulate its transcription.We conclude that IRE1α‐XBP1 had important role in chemoresistance and appears to be a novel prognostic marker for lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is necessary for global food and nutrition security. Reducing plant height is an effective strategy to increase lodging resistance, harvest index, and eventually wheat yield. Rht8 is a gibberellic acid–sensitive reduced height (Rht) gene and has been cloned. Rht8 encodes a ribonuclease H‐like (RNHL) superfamily protein that reduces plant height without reduction in coleoptile length. High‐throughput diagnostic markers are not available for precise selection of RNHL in wheat breeding. In this study, we found that different cultivars may carry 1–3 copies of RNHLs on chromosome 2D, and only 2D carries the semi‐dwarf allele of RNHL although the wild‐type RNHL allele is detected in several other chromosomes. We developed two kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers, Rht8‐KASP‐V2 and Rht8‐KASP‐V3, based on the causal variation in RNHL. The two markers co‐segregated with plant height in a recombinant inbred population and were validated in a panel of hard winter wheat breeding lines from the 2022 Regional Germplasm Observation Nursery and Regional Performance Nursery. Rht8 has not been extensively deployed in US hard winter wheat and development of the diagnostic KASP markers will facilitate Rht8 transfer to US wheat cultivars. Core Ideas: Each cultivar carries 1–3 copies of ribonuclease H‐like domains (RNHLs) on 2D and mutations in all those copies determine Rht8 phenotype.Two kompetitive allele‐specific PCR (KASP) markers were developed for the recently cloned Rht8 gene.The two markers were diagnostic for Rht8 in a wheat diversity panel.Low Rht8 frequency in US wheat suggests high potential of using Rht8 in the United States to improve US wheat production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combined process of carbothermal reduction in vacuum and acid leaching is proposed to produce TiC from titanium bearing blast furnace (BF) slag from Pan Steel in Panzhihua city in China. Thermodynamics calculation shows that TiC can be obtained in the appropriate temperature and pressure range. Moreover, the results of the experiment indicate that TiC can be prepared by the combined process. The optimized parameters include particle size of original slag ideally below 200 mesh, reduction temperature of 1400°C, pressure of 1~10 Pa and mass ratio of slag and reduction (carbon powder) of 100/38. The x value in TiCx increases with increase of reduction degree while the maximum is 0.981. The final x is 0.957 in the pure TiC prepared by the combined process. Silicon and magnesium in the slag can be removed by evaporating, which makes silicon and titanium in the slag separate completely.