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Background Early neurological deterioration (END) is common after acute ischemic stroke, which contributes to increased functional impairment and mortality in patients. Triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) is an independent predictor of the severity of neurological deficits in patients with acute ischemic stroke and is also associated with early recurrent ischemic lesions, however, its correlation with the incidence of END in single subcortical infarction (SSI) has been rarely reported and the correlation remains unclear. Objective To investigate the correlation between TyG index and the incidence of END in patients with SSI. Methods A total of 197 patients diagnosed with SSI and admitted within 72 h after symptom onset in the Department of Neurology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2020 to 2021 were included in the study and divided into the END group (n=45) and non-END group (n=152) based on whether END was developed. The clinical data of the patients were collected and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation between TyG index and the incidence of END in patients with SSI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the predictive value of TyG index for END in patients with SSI. Results The proportion of patients with diabetes, FBG, TG and TyG index were higher in the END group than the non-END group (P0.05). The ROC area under the curve (AUC) of TyG index for predicting END in patients with SSI was 0.66〔95%CI (0.57, 0.75), P=0.001〕, with an optimal cut-off value of 8.61, sensitivity of 0.689 and specificity of 0.638. Patients were divided into those with TyG index≥8.61 (n=86) and those with TyG index

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to nonylphenol (NP) on anxiety/depression-like behaviors in rats and alleviation of those effects via green tea and zinc selenium (Zn-Se) tea interventions. Material and Methods: Totally, 40 male specific-pathogen free (SPF) Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 rats per group): control group (5 ml/kg corn oil), NP group (40 mg/kg NP), NP + GT group (40 mg/kg NP + 1 g/kg/day green tea), and NP + Zn-Se tea group (40 mg/kg NP + 1 g/kg/day ZST). All dose-based groups received oral gavage of either corn oil or drugs over a 6-month period: NP at a dosage of 40 mg/kg/day was administered to rats for the initial 3 months, followed by a combination of NP with green tea and NP with Zn-Se tea for the subsequent 3 months. Results: Tea intervention resulted in weight loss in rats. The hippocampal tissue NP level in the tea group was slightly lower than that in the NP group. Following tea intervention, compared with the NP group, the residence time in the light-dark box test was shortened PGT = 0.048, P < 0.001), and the number of entries into the closed arm in the elevated plus maze test in the tea-treated group was significantly reduced. In addition, the immobility time in the central square in the open field test decreased. The sucrose preference index score in the sucrose preference test increased, and the immobility time in the forced swimming test was reduced (PGT = 0.049, PZST < 0.001). The effects of Zn-S e tea were superior to green tea. The damage to the hippocampal tissues in the group treated with tea was less than that in the NP group. The cellular arrangement was tighter with degeneration, deepstaining, and pyknotic nerve cells were visible. The nuclei in the NP group were atrophied, and the cells were sparsely arranged. Compared with the control group, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level was lower in the NP group. The serum corticosterone level in the NP group was elevated. Compared with the NP group, serum corticosterone level was reduced in the NP + Zn-Se tea group. Conclusion: Chronic NP exposure induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors in rats. Green tea effectively reduced the damage to the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex induced by NP. The effects of Zn-Se tea were slightly more noticeable than those of conventional green tea. Highlights: 1) Chronic NP exposure induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors in rats. 2) Zn-Se tea reduced the damage of hippocampal and prefrontal cortex induced by NP. 3) NP-induced depression accompanied by the changes of BDNF, CORT and neuropathology. Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green residences have enormous potential for energy savings, emission reduction, and other comprehensive benefits, and their growth is crucial to achieving China's carbon neutrality and carbon peaking targets. Nevertheless, at the moment, the national green residence is impacted by complicated factors at several levels, including government agencies, green residence builders, and green residence consumers, which results in the low-quality development of domestic green residences overall. As of 2020, 94% of all labeled green residences are design-label residences that can only be achieved during the design stage, while less than 10% are operational-label residences with stronger energy and emission-saving benefits. This causes the phenomenon of "green residences on the planning" to be serious. In order to accomplish the promotion of high-quality development of green residences and to promote green residences in China, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of green residence promotion from the multi-level perspective of macro-landscape signals, meso-collective agent green residences, and micro-individual agent consumers, based on the multi-level perspective (MLP) framework of sustainability theory. The paper subsequently builds a simulation model of green residence promotion using the agent-based system dynamics modeling method. Additionally, Jiangsu Province's green residence promotion data are chosen for analogue simulation experiments, and the simulation results are also used to analyze the success conditions as well as the path to green residence promotion. This study demonstrates that (1) the agent-based simulation model of dynamics for the green residence promotion system has high reference value for the simulation of the promotion of green residences, and the model can clearly simulate the impact of micro-individual agent–consumer factors on the promotion of green residences; (2) in order to promote green residences, exterior landscape signals must be continuously improved; the stronger the landscape signals, the quicker the development of operationally labeled green residences; (3) priority is given to the development of two-star design-labeled green residences before 2035, and three-star operationally labeled residences will occupy the majority of the market after 2040. Meanwhile, the duration of landscape signals and the change in behavioral preferences of individual agents must be maintained for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The response of typical environmental factors in Zhoushan Fishery, including sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), and chlorophyll a (Chl-a), before and after Typhoon In-fa was analyzed using satellite data and reanalysis data in this study. Additionally, this study simultaneously elucidated the mechanism by which the typhoon affected these factors. The results showed that: (1) the strong vertical mixing caused by In-fa provoked a decrease in SST, while the asymmetric typhoon wind stress and vertical difference in temperature structure before the typhoon caused a more robust cooling of SST on the right side of the In-fa track; (2) despite the strong mixing and inflow of hypersaline seawater increasing SSS, the combined effect of intense rainfall and diluted water inflow caused an overall decrease in SSS after In-fa's landing; (3) In-fa caused the Chl-a concentration to decrease first and then increase. The high cloudiness and low Chl-a seawater inflow inhibited the phytoplankton growth during the typhoon, while the abundant light, rich surface nutrients under the upwelling effect, and transport of rich land-based substances induced rapid phytoplankton reproduction after the typhoon; and (4) the change in Chl-a concentration, current, temperature, and salinity induced by a typhoon are essential factors that affect fish behavior and community composition in fisheries. This study provides a point of reference to reveal the response of environmental factors to typhoons and their effects on fishery resources in fisheries located on nearshore estuarine shallow waters with intensive islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common and serious complication of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), and the occurrence of SSI usually leads to prolonged hospitalisation, increased medical costs, poor prognosis, and even death. The objectives of this study were to compare the incidence of SSI in patients with type 2 diabetes, investigate the correlation between perioperative glycemic variability and postoperative SSI, and develop a nomogram model to predict the risk of SSI. This study retrospectively analysed 339 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent TLIF in the spinal surgery department of the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University from January 2018 to September 2021. The medical records of all patients were collected, and postoperative infection cases were determined according to the diagnostic criteria of surgical site infection. The risk factors for postoperative SSI were analysed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. And Nomogram prediction model was established and validated. The nomogram incorporated seven independent predictors. Preoperative FPG‐CV was the most important independent risk predictor of SSI, followed by preoperative MFBG, duration of drain placement, postoperative FPG‐CV, preoperative blood glucose control scheme, duration of diabetes >5 years, and the number of fused vertebrae ≥2. The nomogram showed good diagnostic accuracy for the SS of both the training cohort and the validation cohort (AUC = 0.915 and AUC = 0.890). The calibration curves for the two cohorts both showed optimal agreement between nomogram prediction and actual observation. In conclusion, preoperative and postoperative glycemic variability is closely related to the occurrence of SSI. We developed and validated a nomogram to accurately predict the risk of SSI after TLIF surgery. It's helpful for spinal surgeons to formulate reasonable treatment plans and prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an endogenous mircoRNA sponge that could act as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, the role of circRNAs in asthma is far from clear. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic value of hsa_circ_0002594 for T helper (Th) 2-mediated allergic asthma. Methods: The expression profiles of hsa_circ_0002594 in CD4+ T cells were revealed by circRNA microarray. Hsa_circ_0002594 expression was confirmed via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in asthmatic patients and healthy subjects. Hsa_circ_0002594 levels were compared between subgroups. The clinical diagnostic abilities and therapeutic response of hsa_circ_0002594 were evaluated. The analyses utilized included a student's t test, nonparametric tests, Spearman's rank-order correlation, Fisher's exact test, and the generation of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: Hsa_circ_0002594 was upregulated and positively correlated with fraction of exhaled nitric oxide while negatively correlated with methacholine dose producing a decrease of 20% from baseline in forced expiratory volume in the first second (PD20) in CD4+ T cells of asthma. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0002594 expression was higher in subgroups with a family history, skin pricking test (SPT)-positive, or Th2-high. The hsa_circ_0002594-high subgroup was more frequently associated with Th2-high biomarker profiles and positive SPT. Hsa_circ_0002594 was decreased after inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) treatment. ROC curve analyses of hsa_circ_0002594 showed high area under the curve values in the presence of ICS or not. Conclusions: Our data suggested that hsa_circ_0002594 was upregulated in CD4+ T cells and might have potential value in the diagnosis and treatment of Th2-mediated allergic asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis has been proven critical for survival following bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) explantation. Suppression of ferroptosis in BMSCs will be a valid tactic to elevate the therapeutic potential of engrafted BMSCs. Prominin2 is a pentaspanin protein involved in mediating iron efflux and thus modulates resistance to ferroptosis, but its role in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced BMSCs ferroptosis remains elusive. We examined the biological effect of prominin2 in vitro and in vivo by using cell proliferation assay, iron assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) examination, malondialdehyde assay, glutathione (GSH) examination, Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, immunofluorescence staining assay, gene expression inhibition and activation, co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) assay, radiographic analysis, and histopathological analysis. Our study demonstrated that prominin2 activity was impaired in TBHP-induced BMSCs ferroptosis. We found that PROM2 (encoding the protein prominin2) activation delayed the onset of ferroptosis and PROM2 knockdown deteriorated the course of ferroptosis. CO-IP, Western blot, and immunofluorescence demonstrated that prominin2 exerts antiferroptosis effects by inhibiting BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) that promotes ROS generation, and thus exerts potent antioxidant effects in oxidative stress (OS)-induced BMSCs ferroptosis, including elevating BMSCs' survival rate and enhancing GSH contents. BMSCs with PROM2 overexpression also partially delayed the progression of intervertebral disk degeneration in vivo, as illustrated by less loss of disk height and lower histological scores. Our findings revealed a mechanism that the prominin2/BACH1/ROS axis participates in BMSCs ferroptosis and the strengthening of this axis is promising to maintain BMSCs' survival after explantation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that prominin2 might be a potential biomarker and is expected to be utilized to augment engrafted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) survival rate. The prominin2/BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) axis, which participates in the regulation of BMSCs ferroptosis induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), is uncovered in our study. The therapeutic targeting of the prominin2/BACH1/ROS axis components is promising to elevate the survival of transplanted BMSCs in clinical practice.

Objective: To review the clinical research progress of spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL)., Methods: The clinical studies on SEL at home and abroad in recent years were extensively reviewed, and the pathogenesis, clinical and imaging manifestations, and treatment status of SEL were summarized and analyzed., Results: SEL is a disease characterized by compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots due to abnormal accumulation of epidural adipose tissue in the spinal canal. Its prevalence and diagnosis rate are low and the pathogenesis is not fully understood. MRI is the most sensitive and specific diagnostic test for SEL. Surgical decompression and removal of excess adipose tissue are the only options for patients with acute SEL or those who have failed conservative management, and conservative management should be considered for other patients., Conclusion: SEL is a rare disease and related research still needs to be improved. In the future, high-quality, multi-center and large-sample studies will be of great significance for evaluating the choice of treatment methods and effectiveness of SEL patients.

DFT computational investigations were carried out to explore the mechanism of enantioselective Cu/Pd-catalyzed allylation of an α-CF 3 amide. A kinetically favored chiral Cu(I)-enolate species undertakes facile allylation with racemic π-allyl-Pd(II) species to stereoconvergently deliver a stereocenter. Computational models and distortion/interaction analyses unveil versatile modes of stereoinduction wherein the reactive site of ( R,R p )-Walphos/copper(I)-enolate cis to the -PPh 2 moiety has more space for the nucleophilic reaction, and can face-selectively capture π-allyl-palladium(II) intermediates using sterically affected distortions.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant eukaryotic mRNA modification involved in regulating the formation and metastasis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We collected clinical NSCLC tissue and paracarcinoma tissue. Then methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2), and β -catenin expressions were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. PLAGL2, and β -catenin (nuclear) expressions were increased in NSCLC tissues. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and death were examined. PLAGL2 could activate β -catenin signaling to affect cell proliferation and migration abilities. RNA immunoprecipitation assay was operated to identify m6A modification levels of PLAGL2 after knockdown and overexpression of METTL14. PLAGL2 was regulated by METTL14-mediated m6A modification. Knockdown of METTL14 repressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted cell death. Interestingly, these effects were reversed when PLAGL2 was overexpressed. Finally, tumor formation in nude mice was performed to verify the role of the METTL14/PLAGL2/ β -catenin signaling axis. Tumor formation in nude mice demonstrated METTL14/PLAGL2/ β -catenin axis promoted NSCLC development in vivo . In brief, METTL14 promoted NSCLC development by increasing m6A methylation of PLAGL2 to activate β -catenin signaling. Our research provided essential clues for in-depth comprehension of the mechanism of NSCLC occurrence and development and also provided the basis for NSCLC treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Qianhui Zhou et al.)

Objective: To explore the value of modified subcutaneous lumbar spine index (MSLSI) as a predictor for short-term effectiveness of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in treatment of lumbar degenerative disease (LDD)., Methods: Between February 2014 and October 2019, 450 patients who were diagnosed as LDD and received single-segment TLIF were included in the study. Based on the MSLSI measured by preoperative lumbar MRI, the patients were sorted from small to large and divided into three groups ( n =150). The MSLSI of group A was 0.11-0.49, group B was 0.49-0.73, and group C was 0.73-1.88. There was no significance in gender, age, disease duration, diagnosis, surgical segment, and improved Charlson comorbidity index between groups ( P >0.05). There were significant differences in the subcutaneous adipose depth of the L 4 vertebral body and body mass index (BMI) between groups ( P <0.05). The operation time, intra-operative blood loss, length of incision, drainage tube placement time, drainage volume on the 1st day after operation, drainage volume on the 2nd day after operation, total drainage volume, antibiotic use time after operation, walking exercise time after operation, hospital stay, the incidences of surgical or non-surgical complications in the three groups were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between MSLSI and BMI, and partial correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between MSLSI, BMI, improved Charlson comorbidity index, subcutaneous adipose depth of the L 4 vertebral body and complications. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of SLSI and MSLSI in predicting the occurrence of complications after TLIF in treatment of LDD., Results: There was no significant difference in operation time, length of incision, antibiotic use time after operation, walking exercise time after operation, drainage tube placement time, drainage volume on the 1st day after operation, drainage volume on the 2nd day after operation, and total drainage volume between groups ( P >0.05). The amount of intra-operative blood loss in group C was higher than that in groups A and B, and the hospital stay was longer than that in group B, with significant differences ( P <0.05). Surgical complications occurred in 22 cases (14.7%), 25 cases (16.7%), and 39 cases (26.0%) of groups A, B, and C, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence between groups ( χ 2 =0.826, P =0.662). The incidences of nerve root injury and wound aseptic complications in group C were higher than those in groups A and B, and the incidence of nerve root injury in group B was higher than that in group A, with significant differences ( P <0.05). There were 13 cases (8.7%), 7 cases (4.7%), and 11 cases (7.3%) of non-surgical complications in groups A, B, and C, respectively, with no significant difference ( χ 2 =2.128, P =0.345). There was no significant difference in the incidences of cardiovascular complications, urinary system complications, central system complications, and respiratory system complications between groups ( P >0.05). There was a correlation between MSLSI and BMI in 450 patients ( r =0.619, P =0.047). Partial correlation analysis showed that MSLSI was related to wound aseptic complications ( r =0.172, P =0.032), but not related to other surgical and non-surgical complications ( P >0.05). There was no correlation between BMI, improved Charlson comorbidity index, subcutaneous adipose depth of the L 4 vertebral body and surgical and non-surgical complications ( P >0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of MSLSI was 0.673 (95%CI 0.546-0.761, P =0.025), and the AUC of SLSI was 0.582 (95%CI 0.472-0.693, P =0.191)., Conclusion: MSLSI can predict the short-term effectiveness of TLIF in treatment of LDD. Patients with high MSLSI suffer more intra-operative blood loss, longer hospital stay, and higher incidence of nerve root injury and postoperative incision complications.

Objective: To review the effect of obesity on the effectiveness of posterior lumbar fusion in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases (LDD)., Methods: The related literature at home and abroad was extensively reviewed. And the difficulty of operation, risk of complications, and long-term effectiveness of posterior lumbar fusion for obese patients with LDD were summarized., Results: Although some relevant literature suggest that the posterior lumbar fusion for obese patients is difficult and the risk of postoperative complications is high, the overall research results do not suggest that obesity is a risk factor for the implementation of posterior lumbar fusion. By assessing the physical condition of patients and strictly grasping the surgical indications, obese patients can obtain good surgical efficacy., Conclusion: Posterior lumbar fusion is an effective method for the treatment of LDD in obese patients. However, relevant studies need to be completed to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior lumbar fusion for obese patients.

Background: Although it is recognized that IL-33 plays a key role in the onset of asthma, it is currently unclear whether IL-33 acts on any other target cells besides mast cells and Th2 cells in asthma. We investigated that whether airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) could contribute to asthma via stimulation with IL-33., Methods: To create a mouse model of acute asthma, murine ASMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro with IL-33. The ASMCs were divided into two groups, ASMCs from normal mice and ASMCs from ovalbumin-sensitized mice. The release of mouse KC was analyzed by PCR and ELISA. Immunocytochemical Staining of murine ASMCs for ST2 and IL-1RAcP was performed., Results: IL-33 promoted KC expression, both in terms of mRNA and protien levels, in ASMCs from ovalbumin-sensitized mice. ST2 and IL-1RAcP were expressed in the membrane of ASMCs in ovalbumin-sensitized mice., Conclusion: IL-33 may contribute to the inflammation in the airways by acting on airway smooth muscle cells. IL-33 and ST2 may play important roles in allergic bronchial asthma.