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12. The high‐quality genome of Cryptotaenia japonica and comparative genomics analysis reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis in Apiaceae.

Author

Liu, Hui, Zhang, Jia‐Qi, Zhang, Rong‐Rong, Zhao, Qin‐Zheng, Su, Li‐Yao, Xu, Zhi‐Sheng, Cheng, Zong‐Ming, Tan, Guo‐Fei, and Xiong, Ai‐Sheng

Subjects
COMPARATIVE genomics, BIOLOGICAL evolution, UMBELLIFERAE, BIOSYNTHESIS, GENOMICS, GENE families
Abstract

SUMMARY: Cryptotaenia japonica, a traditional medicinal and edible vegetable crops, is well‐known for its attractive flavors and health care functions. As a member of the Apiaceae family, the evolutionary trajectory and biological properties of C. japonica are not clearly understood. Here, we first reported a high‐quality genome of C. japonica with a total length of 427 Mb and N50 length 50.76 Mb, was anchored into 10 chromosomes, which confirmed by chromosome (cytogenetic) analysis. Comparative genomic analysis revealed C. japonica exhibited low genetic redundancy, contained a higher percentage of single‐cope gene families. The homoeologous blocks, Ks, and collinearity were analyzed among Apiaceae species contributed to the evidence that C. japonica lacked recent species‐specific WGD. Through comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of Apiaceae species, we revealed the genetic basis of the production of anthocyanins. Several structural genes encoding enzymes and transcription factor genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in different species were also identified. The CjANSa, CjDFRb, and CjF3H gene might be the target of Cjaponica_2.2062 (bHLH) and Cjaponica_1.3743 (MYB). Our findings provided a high‐quality reference genome of C. japonica and offered new insights into Apiaceae evolution and biology. Significance Statement: Our results indicated how the genome of C. japonica provided a useful model for studying evolutionary trajectory and biological properties in Apiaceae species. Our findings are helpful for enriching genome research of Apiaceae family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. DcGST1, encoding a glutathione S‐transferase activated by DcMYB7, is the main contributor to anthocyanin pigmentation in purple carrot.

Author

Duan, Ao‐Qi, Deng, Yuan‐Jie, Tan, Shan‐Shan, Liu, Shan‐Shan, Liu, Hui, Xu, Zhi‐Sheng, Shu, Sheng, and Xiong, Ai‐Sheng

Abstract

SUMMARY: The color of purple carrot taproots mainly depends on the anthocyanins sequestered in the vacuoles. Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) are key enzymes involved in anthocyanin transport. However, the precise mechanism of anthocyanin transport from the cytosolic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the vacuoles in carrots remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the carrot genome, leading to the identification of a total of 41 DcGST genes. Among these, DcGST1 emerged as a prominent candidate, displaying a strong positive correlation with anthocyanin pigmentation in carrot taproots. It was highly expressed in the purple taproot tissues of purple carrot cultivars, while it was virtually inactive in the non‐purple taproot tissues of purple and non‐purple carrot cultivars. DcGST1, a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana TRANSPARENT TESTA 19 (TT19), belongs to the GSTF clade and plays a crucial role in anthocyanin transport. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we successfully knocked out DcGST1 in the solid purple carrot cultivar 'Deep Purple' ('DPP'), resulting in carrots with orange taproots. Additionally, DcMYB7, an anthocyanin activator, binds to the DcGST1 promoter, activating its expression. Compared with the expression DcMYB7 alone, co‐expression of DcGST1 and DcMYB7 significantly increased anthocyanin accumulation in carrot calli. However, overexpression of DcGST1 in the two purple carrot cultivars did not change the anthocyanin accumulation pattern or significantly increase the anthocyanin content. These findings improve our understanding of anthocyanin transport mechanisms in plants, providing a molecular foundation for improving and enhancing carrot germplasm. Significance Statement: These findings improve our understanding of anthocyanin transport mechanisms in plants, providing a molecular foundation for improving and enhancing carrot germplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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