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Abstract This article presents a theoretical framework for analysing corporate responsibility through the lens of critical state theory, focusing on the dynamic interplay between state and business. Traditionally, corporate responsibility is seen as voluntary corporate actions for public welfare. However, it is increasingly viewed as integral to business strategy and subject to regulatory oversight. Utilizing Jessop’s strategic-relational approach, this study underscores the state’s role in structuring corporate behaviour, revealing how shifts in political elite networks influence corporate responsibility practices. A historical analysis of early modern China highlights these dynamics within specific national contexts characterized by developmentalism and authoritarianism, demonstrating the profound impact of state-business symbiosis on corporate responsibility. This analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of corporate responsibility in diverse political and economic settings, demonstrating how state power, corporate influence, and social welfare are mutually reinforcing and shaped by broader socio-political dynamics.

IntroductionAcquired vulvar lymphangioma (AVL), a rare disease caused by the dilation of superficial lymphatic vessels secondary to deep lymphatic vessel injury, is characterized by a wide range of morphological diversity and massive exudate. This morphological heterogeneity has often led to misdiagnosis or non-diagnosis. The management of AVL presents a therapeutic challenge due to the absence of a standardized treatment protocol.Case presentationA 53-year-old female patient, previously received surgical treatments for stage IIb cervical squamous cell carcinoma, presented with vulvar enlargement and copious amount of yellow exudate seven years post-treatment. Clinically, the patient exhibited chronic vulvar swelling, with easily-exudated nodules. The vulvar biopsy revealed lymphatic vessel dilation with lymphocyte infiltration, consistent with AVL. Due to the extensive lesions and severe exudate, staged excisions of bilateral vulvar lesions were performed at one-month intervals. Follow-up examinations of this patient for one-year post-surgery showed no evidence of recurrence.ConclusionIn this instance, AVL manifest secondary to cervical cancer surgery, as a result of damage to the deep lymphatic vessels of the vulva, with characteristic symptoms of copious amounts of exudate and vulvar lesions with diverse morphologies, which provides a cautionary note for physicians. Besides, the staged resection strategy in this case may offer insights into surgical treatment protocol for extensive AVL.

Abstract Background Previously we reported that inhibition of GPR17 prevents amyloid β 1–42 (Aβ1-42)-induced cognitive impairment in mice. However, the role of GPR17 on cognition is still largely unknown. Methods Herein, we used a mouse model of cognitive impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to further investigate the role of GPR17 in cognition and its potential mechanism. The mice were pretreated with GPR17 shRNA lentivirus and cangrelor by microinjection into the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus. After 21 days, LPS (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered for 7 days. Animal behavioral tests as well as pathological and biochemical assays were performed to evaluate the cognitive function in mice. Results LPS exposure resulted in a significant increase in GPR17 expression at both protein and mRNA levels in the hippocampus. Gene reduction and pharmacological blockade of GPR17 improved cognitive impairment in both the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. Knockdown and inhibition of GPR17 inhibited Aβ production, decreased the expression of NF-κB p65, increased CREB phosphorylation and elevated BDNF expression, suppressed the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibited Glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) activation, and increased Bcl-2, PSD-95, and SYN expression, reduced Bax expression as well as decreased caspase-3 activity and TUNEL-positive cells in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice. Notably, knockdown and inhibition of GPR17 not only provided protective effects against cholinergic dysfunction but also facilitated the regulation of oxidative stress. In addition, cangrelor pretreatment can effectively inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines by suppressing NF-κB/CREB/BDNF signaling in BV-2 cells stimulated by LPS. However, activation of hippocampal GPR17 with MDL-29951 induced cognitive impairment in normal mice. Conclusions These observations indicate that GPR17 may possess a neuroprotective effect against LPS-induced cognition deficits, and neuroinflammation by modulation of NF-κB/CREB/BDNF signaling in mice, indicating that GPR17 may be a promising new target for the prevention and treatment of AD.

To report a case of Norwegian scabies diagnosed with the aid of dermoscopy. A 78-year-old man suffered from generalized papules, papulovesicles and nodules with pruritus for 2 years. Patient had been repeatedly diagnosed as eczema or nodular prurigo or urticaria. Topical antihistamines and glucocorticoids only slightly improved lesions, but not pruritus. Dermatological examination showed dense papules, papulovesicles and nodules on the trunk and limbs, especially on the elbows, armpits, buttocks and thighs. Some lesions were covered with scales. Chaffy scales were present on the hands, fingers/toe gaps and buttocks, with fishy odour smell. Dermoscopy showed white burrows in appearance of delta-wing jet. Mites and secretion were observed in the burrows along with triangular structure on the other end of the burrows. A diagnosis of Norwegian scabies was made. Pruritus and skin lesions were significantly improved after 2-week twice-daily treatment with topical 25% sulfur ointment plus desonide cream in addition to oral epinastine capsule and decoction of Chinese medicine. No recurrence was observed during a 2-month follow-up.

With the development of lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells, the application of hybrid power systems is becoming more and more widespread. To better optimize the energy management problem of fuel cell hybrid systems, the accuracy of system modeling and simulation is very important. The hybrid system is formed by connecting the battery to the fuel cell through an active topology. Digital twin technology is applicable to the mapping of physical entities to each other with high interactivity and fast optimization iterations. In this paper, a relevant model based on mathematical logic is established by collecting actual operational data; subsequently, the accuracy of the model is verified by combining relevant operating conditions and simulating the model. Subsequently, a three-dimensional visualization model of a hybrid power system-based sightseeing vehicle and its operating environment was established using digital twin technology to improve the model simulation of the fuel cell hybrid power system. At low speeds, the simulation results of the hybrid power system-based sightseeing vehicle have a small error compared with the actual running state, and the accuracy of the data related to each internal subcomponent is high. In the simple interaction between the model display vehicle and the environment, the communication state can meet the basic requirements of the digital twin model because the amount of data to be transferred is small. This study makes a preliminary attempt at digital parallelism by combining mathematical logic with visualization models and can be used as a basis for the subsequent development of more mature digital twin models.

Highlights ► Maternal group B streptococcus antibiotic prophylaxis (GBS-IAP) was associated with the occurrence of atopic dermatitis in 2-year-old children with vaginal delivery. ► The findings were significant in vaginal delivery before and after adjusting for multiple covariates.

This short communication seeks to develop and evaluate a generalizable methodological approach for geospatially matching infrastructure assets to socioeconomic data to better facilitate equity-informed transportation decisions. This study focuses specifically on providing insight into the spatial accuracy of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)'s National Bridge Inventory (NBI) dataset at a national level via a method that is less computationally or manually intensive than past approaches. Phase 1 focuses on assessing the quality of existing NBI locational data using a geospatially-driven method. We find that 98.8% and 95.4% of the NBI records matched the reported state and county tag respectively, according to their reported latitude and longitude. Phase 2 focuses on potential ways to correct locational mismatches. We find that a 30.5 m (100 ft) buffer and Thiessen polygons provide the greatest improvements in matching accuracy in the NBI record over point coordinates. Phase 3 assesses the feasibility of enhancing location granularity through a hand-checked case study. We find that for coarser geospatial levels (state and county), equity-based analyses may be possible, but for more granular geospatial levels (place and census tract), which is where equity-based analyses are often conducted, the data may need greater buffering and hand checks to ensure accuracy. To use more automated processes at these high spatial resolutions, governments and other policy-making entities will likely need to require quality control checks of longitude and latitude infrastructure data. This work provides the first systematic analysis of the robustness of the NBI data for equity-based analyses, as well as possible policies to improve its usage for equity analyses.

In the work, porcine hemoglobin (PHb) was applied to prepare porcine nitrosohemoglobin (PHbNO), and basic structures and properties of PHb were first characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, UV-Vis spectrum and potential analysis, and then the structural stability and mechanism of PHbNO were studied by dialysis method. The results from analyzing the raw materials PHb indicated that there were no obvious differences in the composition, purity, thermal stability and UV-Vis spectra characteristics by comparing with the standard PHb; the results from UV-Vis showed that porphyrin structure in PHbNO without or in partial dialysis was significantly changed; fluorescence spectroscopic analysis also suggested that structure and microenvironment around tryptophan or tyrosine residues in PHbNO without or in partial dialysis were significantly altered; the results from infrared and circular dichroism indicated that secondary structures of PHbNO changed obviously, however，four spectral characteristics of PHbNO after dialyzing thoroughly to remove small molecules were basically the same as those of PHb. Therefore, it could be inferred that nitrosylation of PHb was reversible, and stability of PHbNO depended on NaNO2, and it could be deduced by comprehensive analysis that the stability and mechanism of PHbNO was that NO generated in acidic solution by NaNO2 could react with Fe2+ in PHb molecule by a reversible style to generate PHbNO, so the stability of PHbNO depended on the reactants. The study could provide a theoretical basis and data for the further study and application of PHbNO.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is featured as enhanced catabolism of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the nucleus pulposus (NP), in which tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-related cell senescence is involved. Chromobox homolog protein 4 (CBX4) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and shows promising therapeutic potential. Thus, in the present study, we explore the role of CBX4 in IDD. Immunohistochemistry staining reveals that CBX4 expression is decreased in severe degenerative NP tissues compared to mild degenerative tissues, and real-time PCR and western blot analysis results show that CBX4 expression is downregulated under TNF-α stimulation in NP cells. siRNA and adenoviruses are used to knockdown or overexpress CBX4, respectively. The results demonstrate that CBX4 knockdown augments the catabolism of ECM in human NP cells, while CBX4 overexpression in rat NP cells restores the ECM degradation induced by TNF-α, as illustrated by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. In addition, transcriptome sequencing results reveal the regulatory effect of CBX4 on the cell cycle, and further western blot analysis and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining assay indicate that CBX4 overexpression alleviates cell senescence in the presence of TNF-α. Moreover, the phosphorylation of p65, which indicates the activation of NF-κB signaling, is measured by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay, and the results reveal that CBX4 overexpression reduces the TNF-α-induced increase in the p-p65/p65 ratio. In addition, the effect of CBX4 overexpression in NP cells is suppressed by NF-κB agonist. In summary, our results indicate that CBX4 overexpression can suppress TNF-α-induced matrix catabolism and cell senescence in the NP by inhibiting NF-κB activation. This study may provide new approaches for preventing and treating IDD.

Utilizing the optical characteristics of the target for detection and localization does not require actively emitting signals and has the advantage of strong concealment. Once the optoelectronic platform mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detects the target, the vector pointing to the target in the camera coordinate system can estimate the angle of arrival (AOA) of the target relative to the UAV in the Earth-centered Earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate system through a series of rotation transformations. By employing two UAVs and the corresponding AOA measurements, passive localization of an unknown target is possible. To achieve high-precision target localization, this paper investigates the following three aspects. Firstly, two error transfer models are established to estimate the noise distributions of the AOA and the UAV position in the ECEF coordinate system. Next, to reduce estimation errors, a weighted least squares (WLS) estimator is designed. Theoretical analysis proves that the mean squared error (MSE) of the target position estimation can reach the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) under the condition of small noise. Finally, we study the optimal placement problem of two coplanar UAVs relative to the target based on the D-optimality criterion and provide explicit conclusions. Simulation experiments validate the effectiveness of the localization method.

Cold spray, as a low - temperature solid - state forming technology, has a series of advantages over other deposition methods, such as little heat influence towards substrate, minimized particle oxidation, and high deposition efficiency, and therefore it has been widely used for metallic protective coating fabrication, component repair and additive manufacturing. In this work, the characteristics of cold spray were firstly demonstrated from three aspects including cold spraying system, materials, and process. Next, the research progress of cold spraying technology on powder materials design, coating bonding mechanism, and coating microstructure and performance control in recent years were presented. Then, the application of cold spraying technology in the field of foreign naval ships and warships was described in detail. Finally, the research and application of cold spraying technology in the field of naval ships and warships in China were briefly described, and its future development direction was prospected in order to improve the corrosion protection and maintenance support ability of naval ships and warships equipment in China.

Infrared dim small target detection has received a lot of attention, because it is a crucial component of the IR search and track systems (IRST). The robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is a common detection framework, which works with poor performance with complex background edges and sparse clutters due to the inappropriate approximation of sparse items. A nonconvex constraint detection method based on the difference between the L1 and L2 (L1–L2) norm and total variation (TV) is presented. The L1–L2 norm is a more accurate sparse item approximation of L0 norm, which can achieve a better description of the sparse item to separate the target from the complex backgrounds. Then, the total variation norm is conducted on the target image to suppress the sparse clutters. The new model is solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method. Then, the subproblems in the model are tackled by the difference of convex algorithm (DCA) and the Newton conjugate gradient (Newton-CG) solving L1–L2 norm and TV norm, respectively. In the experiment, we conducted experiments on multiple and single target datasets, and the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods in terms of background suppression and robustness to accurately detect the target. It can achieve a higher true position rate (TPR) with a low false position rate (FPR).

BackgroundAnxiety and depression are commonly recognized and prognostically relevant in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to explore the 3-year longitudinal changes in anxiety and depression, their risk factors, and prognostic value in patients with bladder cancer.MethodsHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) scores of 120 postoperative bladder cancer patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed. Additionally, the HADS-A and HADS-D scores of bladder cancer patients were determined at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years post surgery.ResultsHADS-A score (7.7 ± 3.0 vs. 4.8 ± 2.6), anxiety rate (38.3% vs. 9.0%), HADS-D score (7.7 ± 3.3 vs. 4.3 ± 2.6), depression rate (40.0% vs. 11.0%), as well as anxiety degree and depression degree, were all increased in bladder cancer patients compared with HCs (all P 0.050). Gender, tumor size, marriage status, hypertension, diversity, and lymph node (LN) metastasis were associated with anxiety or depression in patients with bladder cancer (all P 0.050).ConclusionThe prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression are high in patients with bladder cancer, which are influenced by gender, tumor features, marriage status, and hypertension; in addition, their correlation with survival is relatively weak.

Due to the powerful ability of data fitting, deep neural networks have been applied in a wide range of applications in many key areas. However, in recent years, it was found that some adversarial samples easily fool the deep neural networks. These input samples are generated by adding a few small perturbations based on the original sample, making a very significant influence on the decision of the target model in the case of not being perceived. Image segmentation is one of the most important technologies in the medical image and automatic driving field. This paper mainly explores the security of deep neural network models based on the image segmentation tasks. Two lightweight image segmentation models on the embedded device suffered from the white-box attack by using local perturbations and universal perturbations. The perturbations are generated indirectly by a noise function and an intermediate variable so that the gradient of pixels can be propagated unlimitedly. Through experiments, we find that different models have different blind spots, and the adversarial samples trained for a single model have no transferability. In the end, multiple models are attacked by our joint learning. Finally, under the constraint of low perturbation, most of the pixels in the attacked area have been misclassified by both lightweight models. The experimental result shows that the proposed adversary is more likely to affect the performance of the segmentation model compared with the FGSM.

Walnut protein is a kind of natural, high-quality plant protein resource. However, its high content of gluten, strong hydrophobicity and poor gelation ability have greatly limited its development and utilization in gel products. It was found in this experiment that ultrasonic power combined with transglutaminase (TGase) had a significant effect on the gel properties of the walnut protein isolate (WNPI)-κ-carrageenan (KC) complex. The results showed that the gel strength of the WNPI-KC complex first increased and then decreased with the increase in ultrasonic power (0–400 W). WNPI-KC composite gel had the best texture properties, rheological properties, water-holding capacity (99.41 ± 0.76%), swelling ratio (2.31 ± 0.29%) and thermal stability (83.22 °C) following 200 W ultrasonic pretreatment. At this time, the gel network was more uniform and much denser, and the water molecules were more tightly bound. Further, 200 W ultrasonic pretreatment could promote the transformation of α-helices to β-folds in protein molecules, improve the fluorescence intensity, increase the content of free sulfhydryl groups and enhance the intermolecular forces. The experimental results could provide technical support for the development of walnut protein gel food.

Both glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78) and glucose-regulated protein 94 kDa (GRP94) are important molecular chaperones that play critical roles in maintaining tumor survival and progression. This study investigated the effects in prostate cancer cells following the downregulation of GRP78 and GRP94.

Crayfish myofibril protein (CMP) gel deterioration induced by autoclaving was investigated. A series of CMP gels were obtained through treating CMP solutions at different autoclaving conditions from 100 °C/0.1 MPa to 121 °C/0.21 MPa, and then characteristics and the mechanism of gel texture deterioration along with the intensification of autoclaving were explored through determining appearance, texture, protein composition, cross-linking forces, degree of hydrolysis, water state, microstructure of the gels, and average particle size of aggregates. When autoclaving was at above 105 °C/0.103 MPa, texture of CMP gel showed a tendency to severely weaken with the intensification of autoclaving (p < 0.05), hydrophobic interaction and aggregation between proteins weakened gradually (p < 0.05), and moderately bound water in the gel decreased and T22 relaxation time significantly increased (p < 0.05). After heating for 30 min at above 105 °C/0.103 MPa, pores in the microstructure of CMP gel enlarged obviously, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) degraded. It can be concluded that CMP gel deterioration induced by autoclaving was associated with the degradation of MHC and 105 °C might be the critical temperature to ensure good texture of crayfish products.

In view of problems of poor accuracy and universality of existing density fuzzy control methods for dense-medium suspension, a density control method for dense-medium suspension based on fuzzy control was proposed. The method takes suspension density deviation, variation rate of the suspension density deviation and liquid level of qualified medium bucket as input variables of density fuzzy controller, and takes liquid level deviation of qualified medium bucket and variation rate of the liquid level deviation of qualified medium bucket as input variables of liquid level fuzzy controller. Water supply valve and flow-spitting box are effectively controlled by use of the density fuzzy controller and liquid level fuzzy controller, so as to achieve accurate and stable control of dense-medium suspension density. The application results show that suspension density fluctuation range can be controlled at ±0.007 g/cm3 with fast response speed.

A drug delivery system was specifically designed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by local percutaneous administration and the nano-controlled release of methotrexate (MTX). The release behavior of MTX from the synthesized MTX-mSiO2@PDA system was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The obtained results show that after 48 h, twice as much MTX (cumulative amount) is released at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.4. This suggests that the MTX-mSiO2@PDA system exhibits a good pH sensitivity. In vitro local percutaneous administration experiments revealed that the cumulative amount of MTX transferred from MTX-mSiO2@PDA to pH 5.0 receptor fluid through the whole skin was approximately three times greater than the amount transferred to pH 7.4 receptor fluid after 24 h. Moreover, in vivo experiments conducted on a complete induced arthritis (CIA) model in DBA/1 mice demonstrated that the thickness of a mouse’s toes decreases to nearly 65% of the initial level after 27 days of local percutaneous MTX-mSiO2@PDA administration. Compared to the mice directly injected with MTX, those administered with MTX-mSiO2@PDA by local percutaneous application exhibit much lower toe thickness deviation, which indicates that the latter group experiences a better cure stability. Overall, these results demonstrate that the local percutaneous administration of MTX delivery systems characterized by nano-controlled release may play an important role in RA therapy.

In order to satisfy the test requirements of transmission efficiency of heavy vehicle drive axle,the test bench of transmission efficiency for heavy vehicle drive axle is designed. The structure,principle and the key parts of the test bench are introduced. Aiming at the problem of the lack of heavy vehicle drive axle transmission efficiency industry test standards in domestic,a test method for heavy vehicle drive axle transmission efficiency is presented referring to the test standard QC / T533- 1999 Vehicle Axle Bench Test Methods and QC / T568. 1- 2011 Vehicle Mechanical Gearbox Assembly Bench Test Methods Part 1: Minicar and combining with heavy vehicle drive axle actual working conditions in domestic. Then the transmission efficiency test for a heavy vehicle drive axle is conducted. The test indicates that the test bench has a superior controlling accuracy and measuring precision and can fully meet the test requirements.

Vehicle tracking task plays an important role on the Internet of vehicles and intelligent transportation system. Beyond the traditional Global Positioning System sensor, the image sensor can capture different kinds of vehicles, analyze their driving situation, and can interact with them. Aiming at the problem that the traditional convolutional neural network is vulnerable to background interference, this article proposes vehicle tracking method based on human attention mechanism for self-selection of deep features with an inter-channel fully connected layer. It mainly includes the following contents: (1) a fully convolutional neural network fused attention mechanism with the selection of the deep features for convolution; (2) a separation method for template and semantic background region to separate target vehicles from the background in the initial frame adaptively; (3) a two-stage method for model training using our traffic dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the tracking accuracy without an increase in tracking time. Meanwhile, it strengthens the robustness of algorithm under the condition of the complex background region. The success rate of the proposed method in overall traffic datasets is higher than Siamese network by about 10%, and the overall precision is higher than Siamese network by 8%.