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Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Cynanchum bungei Decne (Asclepiadaceae) led to the elucidation of seven C 21 -steroidal glycosides ( 1 – 7 ) including three new compounds ( 1 – 3 ), named cynabungosides A–C, one new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene ( 8 ), named cynabungone, and one new humulane-type sesquiterpene ( 9 ), named cynabungolide. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 8 and 9 were defined unequivocally by ECD analysis and X-ray crystallography, respectively. A putative biosynthetic pathway of humulane-type sesquiterpenes 9 and 10 is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cascarinoids A-C (1-3), a new class of diterpenoid alkaloids with unpredicted conformations, were isolated and structurally characterized from Croton cascarilloides. It was demonstrated that the dispersion interaction might be one of the main contributors that stabilized the folded conformations for compounds 1-3. Compounds 2 and 3 showed moderate immunosuppressive activity against T and/or B lymphocyte cells.

Objective: To study the HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) transmission in Kunming city of Yunnan province in 2010., Methods: Referring to the guidelines for HIV drug resistance threshold survey (HIVDR-TS) set by WHO, 62 plasma samples of recently reported HIV-infected individuals who were older than 25 years of age, were collected from January to August 2010. Genotyping of pol genetic mutations associated with HIVDR with reverse transcriptional PCR was performed and the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance transmission was evaluated., Results: Of the 62 plasma samples, 54 were successfully sequenced and genotyped on pol sequence. Based on the pol sequences, HIV subtypes including CRF08&#95;BC (53.2%), CRF07&#95;BC (25.5%), CRF01&#95;AE (19.1%) and C (2.1%) were identified. According to the time of sampling, the first 47 sequenced samples were used for drug resistance prevalence analysis. A protease inhibitor (PI) relative mutation was found in one sample. Based on the WHO standard, the prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance was < 5%., Conclusion: HIV-1 drug resistant strains transmission was still catalogued as low prevalence level in Kunming. To prevent the increase of HIVDR prevalence, normative treatment and scientific management to AIDS patients seemed to be quite important.

The research was focus on the influence of experimental conditions to the removal efficiency of contaminant and the change of biodegradability in the treatment of acrylic fiber polymerization wastewater using three-dimensional electrode reactor with granular activated carbon. The anode was Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3 expanded metal sheet electrode. The cathode was Ti expanded metal sheet electrode. The parameters investigated were the reaction time, electrolytic voltage, initial pH value and aeration amount. The results show that the electrolytic voltage and initial pH value had greater impact on the removal efficiency of organic pollutants. Under the optimal experimental condition with electrolytic voltage 15 V, initial pH value 3, aeration amount 400 mL/min, the removal rates of COD, TOC and acrylonitrile were 32.59%, 22.17% and 89.70%, respectively,and the value of BOD5/COD increased from 0.02 to 0.42 within 120 min, which improved the biodegradability greatly and was beneficial for further biological treatment.