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Objective: To investigate the effects of repeated vaccination with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-hu-1)-based inactivated, recombinant protein subunit or vector-based vaccines on the neutralizing antibody response to Omicron subvariants. Methods: Individuals who received four-dose vaccinations with the Wuhan-hu-1 strain, individuals who were infected with the BA.5 variant alone without prior vaccination, and individuals who experienced a BA.5 breakthrough infection (BTI) following receiving 2-4 doses of the Wuhan-hu-1 vaccine were enrolled. Neutralizing antibodies against D614G, BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 were detected using a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay. Antigenic cartography was used to analyze cross-reactivity patterns among D614G, BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 and sera from individuals. Results: The highest neutralizing antibody titers against D614G were observed in individuals who only received four-dose vaccination and those who experienced BA.5 BTI, which was also significantly higher than the antibody titers against XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86. In contrast, only BA.5 infection elicited comparable neutralizing antibody titers against the tested variants. While neutralizing antibody titers against D614G or BA.5 were similar across the cohorts, the neutralizing capacity of antibodies against XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 was significantly reduced. BA.5 BTI following heterologous booster induced significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers against the variants, particularly against XBB.1.5 and EG.5.1, than uninfected vaccinated individuals, only BA.5 infected individuals, or those with BA.5 BTI after primary vaccination. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that repeated vaccination with the Wuhan-hu-1 strain imprinted a neutralizing antibody response toward the Wuhan-hu-1 strain with limited effects on the antibody response to the Omicron subvariants.

The glomus tumor is a rare neoplasm that is typically found subungually in the extremities and functions as a specialized neurovascular organ. An extremely rare site for glomus tumors is the breast, with only a few reported cases. Breast glomus tumors present with three typical clinical signs: dull pain, focal tenderness, and cold sensitivity. Less than 10% of all glomus tumors are malignant. We herein present a case of a malignant glomus tumor originating in the breast. Distant metastasis was ruled out, and the tumor was completely resected. However, the patient unexpectedly developed rapid systemic metastasis, detected 5 weeks after tumor removal. Despite the administration of analgesics and targeted therapy, the patient died 1 month later. When treating patients with undiagnosed breast tumors, clinicians should pay attention to unexplained and repeatedly reported symptoms and consider the possibility of a rare disease. Our literature search revealed no cases of malignant glomus tumors originating in the breast, making this case the first of its kind.

A 71-year-old man with a 20-year history of grade 3 hypertension experienced kidney dysfunction 2 years earlier. His serum creatinine (SCr) at the time was 140 μmol/L [with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 43.9 ml/min per 1.73m2], for which he received irbesartan since. At initial presentation, the spot urine dipstick protein was 1+, with an albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 230 mg/g (0–30) and normal urine sediments. The SCr was 176 μmol/L (eGFR = 32.8 ml/min per 1.73m2). The hemoglobulin (Hb) level decreased from 102 to 96 g/L despite oral ferrous succinate 100 mg twice daily starting 2 months ago. Roxadustat (ROXA) 50 mg (body weight, 70 kg) three times weekly was then prescribed. Unfortunately, the patient mistakenly took the drug at 50 mg three times a day (i.e., 1,050 mg instead of the intended 150 mg per week), which was 3.5 times the recommended starting dose for non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (100 mg three times weekly for body weight >60 kg) and two times the highest drug manual-recommended weekly dose (2.5 mg/kg three times weekly) approved in the country. When the attending nephrologist discovered the misuse 1 month later, the patient reported no apparent discomfort, and his home blood pressure was in the range 110–130/60–80 mmHg. Repeat blood tests showed that the Hb increased from 96 to 163 g/L and the SCr from 199 to 201 μmol/L in a month. The serum alanine transaminase (ALT) remained within the normal range (from 12 U/L at baseline to 20 U/L), while the serum total and indirect bilirubin levels were slightly elevated. ROXA was withheld immediately. In 30 days, the serum bilirubin returned to baseline, but the Hb decreased from 163 to 140 g/L, and then to 108 g/L after 3 months. On the other hand, the SCr increased from 179 to 203 μmol/L. At 9 months after the initial dosing, when the SCr increased to 256 μmol/L and the Hb decreased to 94 g/L again, ROXA 50 mg three times weekly was reinitiated uneventfully. Herein, by introducing a case who erroneously consumed twice the highest recommended dose of ROXA for a month, but had apparently no obvious discomfort or unfavorable consequence, we attempt to provide a brief overview of the mechanism of action, characteristics, drug metabolism, and side effect profile associated with this agent.

The integrity and clarity of information have long been regarded as the cornerstones of advertising strategy. However, recent game advertising has taken a different approach. Specifically, incomplete game videos, especially those showcasing losing gameplay, are more likely to stimulate players’ interest compared to complete videos of winning gameplay. This study, through five experiments, uncovers a dual-pathway mechanism behind this phenomenon. Firstly, information gaps resulting from incomplete videos trigger curiosity drive, compelling viewers to seek more information and reinforcing their willingness to engage in gaming. Secondly, witnessing failures in game demonstrations activates components of downward social comparison and competitive motivation. These findings offer valuable insights into the complex dynamics of game advertising, shedding light on the effects of information gaps, curiosity, and social comparison. They provide valuable implications for advertising strategies within the gaming industry.

Summary: The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses challenges to the immunity induced by infections and vaccination. We conduct a 6-month longitudinal evaluation of antibody binding and neutralization of sera from individuals with six different combinations of vaccination and infection against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86. We find that most individuals produce spike-binding IgG or neutralizing antibodies against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 2 months after infection or vaccination. However, compared to ancestral strain and BA.5 variant, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 exhibit comparable but significant immune evasion. The spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibody titers decrease in individuals without additional antigen exposure, and

Anatase TiO2 has evolved into one of the most attractive materials for gas sensing owing to its strong oxidation activity and excellent sensing properties. In this study, we prepared Pt and bamboo charcoal co-modified nano-TiO2 using a one-pot hydrothermal process and applied it to detect formaldehyde. The successful incorporation of the precious metal Pt and bamboo charcoal onto TiO2 was confirmed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Detailed analysis revealed a homogeneous distribution of Pt nanoparticles and bamboo charcoal on the TiO2 surface, which significantly improved the surface area and facilitated gas adsorption. These modifiers significantly enhanced the response of TiO2 to formaldehyde, for instance, the response signal increased fourfold, while the response time decreased from 91 to 68 s. The sample with 0.5@Pt and 0.5@C bamboo charcoal performed the best, showcasing the synergistic effect of metal nanoparticles and carbonaceous materials on gas-sensing properties. Our work highlighted the potential of using biomass-derived carbon to enhance the detection of formaldehyde and demonstrated the importance of material characteristics in designing effective gas sensors.

This study harnesses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to unravel the influence of design elements on user interactions with interactive websites. Specifically, it examines the impact of interface simplicity, navigational usability, content readability, interactive feedback, personalized experience, and aesthetic pleasure on users’ perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, ultimately affecting their intent to engage with such platforms. Employing a mixed method that integrates questionnaire surveys with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and semi-structured interviews, the research meticulously explores the dynamics between various aspects of web design and user engagement. The qualitative interviews provided deeper insights into user preferences, revealing that while interface simplicity and content readability are universally appreciated, navigational usability and personalized experience often evoke mixed reactions. Participants highlighted the importance of intuitive design and timely feedback, but also noted that excessive customization options could lead to frustration. The findings underscore the significance of these design elements in not only enhancing the user experience on interactive platforms but also in elevating user engagement and satisfaction levels. This study contributes valuable knowledge for web developers and designers aiming to optimize interactive websites, ensuring they are more aligned with user preferences and expectations.

AIM: To investigate the effects of small incision extracapsular excision and phacoemulsification on the number of corneal endothelial cells, macular thickness and surgically induced corneal astigmatism in cataract patients.METHODS: Retrospective research. A total of 296 age-related cataract patients(296 eyes)admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to February 2023 were selected. They were divided into a small incision extracapsular excision group(144 eyes)and a phacoemulsification group(152 eyes)according to surgical method. The uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, numbers of corneal endothelial cells, macular thickness, surgically induced corneal astigmatism and postoperative complications between the two groups of patients at 7d, 1 and 3mo after surgery were compared.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity of patients in the small incision extracapsular excision group after 7d of surgery were better than those of the phacoemulsification group, the number of corneal endothelial cells after 7d and 1, 3mo of surgery were higher than that of the phacoemulsification group, the macular thickness after 7d and 1mo of surgery was lower than that of the phacoemulsification group, and the incidence rate of postoperative corneal edema and incidence rate of total complications were lower than those of the phacoemulsification group(all P0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared with phacoemulsification, the changes in the number of corneal endothelial cells and thickness of the macular area after small incision extracapsular excision are relatively small, visual recovery is faster, and the complications reduced.

Abstract Although the gut microbiota has been reported to influence osteoporosis risk, the individual species involved, and underlying mechanisms, remain largely unknown. We performed integrative analyses in a Chinese cohort of peri-/post-menopausal women with metagenomics/targeted metabolomics/whole-genome sequencing to identify novel microbiome-related biomarkers for bone health. Bacteroides vulgatus was found to be negatively associated with bone mineral density (BMD), which was validated in US white people. Serum valeric acid (VA), a microbiota derived metabolite, was positively associated with BMD and causally downregulated by B. vulgatus. Ovariectomized mice fed B. vulgatus demonstrated increased bone resorption and poorer bone micro-structure, while those fed VA demonstrated reduced bone resorption and better bone micro-structure. VA suppressed RELA protein production (pro-inflammatory), and enhanced IL10 mRNA expression (anti-inflammatory), leading to suppressed maturation of osteoclast-like cells and enhanced maturation of osteoblasts in vitro. The findings suggest that B. vulgatus and VA may represent promising targets for osteoporosis prevention/treatment.

Abstract Background The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants has raised questions regarding resistance to immunity by natural infection or immunization. We examined the sensitivity of Delta and Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4/5, and BA.3) to neutralizing antibodies from BBIBP-CorV-vaccinated and BBIBP-CorV- or ZF2001-boosted individuals, as well as individuals with Delta and BA.1 breakthrough infections, and determined their fusogenicity and infectivity. Methods In this cross-sectional study, serum samples from two doses of BBIBP-CorV-vaccinated individuals 1 (n = 36), 3 (n = 36), and 7 (n = 37) months after the second dose; BBIBP-CorV- (n = 25) or ZF2001-boosted (n = 30) individuals; and fully vaccinated individuals with Delta (n = 30) or BA.1 (n = 26) infection were collected. The serum-neutralizing reactivity and potency of bebtelovimab were assessed against D614G, Delta, and Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4/5, and BA.3) through a pseudovirus neutralization assay. The fusogenicity and infectivity of D614G, Delta, and Omicron subvariants were determined by cell-cell fusion assay and pseudovirus infection assay, respectively. Results Omicron subvariants markedly escaped vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies after two doses of BBIBP-CorV with comparable efficiency. A third dose vaccination of BBIBP-CorV or ZF2001 increased neutralizing antibody titers and breadth against Delta and three Omicron subvariants. Delta and BA.1 breakthrough infections induced comparable neutralizing antibody titers against D614G and Delta variants, whereas BA.1 breakthrough infections elicited a stronger and broader antibody response against three Omicron subvariants than Delta breakthrough infections. BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 are more resistant to immunity induced by breakthrough infections. Bebtelovimab had no significant loss of potency against the Delta and Omicron subvariants. Cell culture experiments showed Omicron subvariants to be less fusogenic and have higher infectivity than D614G and Delta with comparable efficiency. Conclusions These findings have important public health implications and highlight the importance of repeated exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens to broaden the neutralizing antibody response against Omicron subvariants.

Abstract Background The impact of labor epidural analgesia (LEA) on breastfeeding remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between LEA use and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to 6 months. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey on healthy mothers who had vaginal delivery with infants aged 7-12 months from seven maternal health WeChat groups in Jiaxing, China. Data including EBF status up to 6 months, maternal sociodemographic characteristics, LEA use in labor, breastfeeding supports during hospitalization and reasons for stopping EBF were collected using online self-administered questionnaires in October 2021. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the potential association of LEA use with EBF up to 6 months by the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Of a total of 537 surveyed mothers, 408 (76.0%) delivered with LEA and 398 (74.1%) exclusively breastfed their infants until 6 months. All mothers delivered in the hospitals with active breastfeeding policies. There was no statistical difference in the rate of EBF up to 6 months between mothers with and without LEA (73.8% versus 75.2%, P = 0.748). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that only increased maternal age (AOR = 0.906, 95% CI 0.854-0.961, P = 0.001) and perceived insufficient breast milk (AOR = 0.129, 95% CI 0.082-0.204, P