Hai-bo Wu,1,* Chen-si Yang,1,2,* Yun-can Wang,3 Yue-tao Xie,1 Xue-chao Wang,1 Hui-liang Liu,1 Rong-pin Du1 1Department of Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Hebei Northen University Graduate School, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, Peopleâs Republic of China; 3Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, Peopleâs Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rong-pin DuDepartment of Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Peace West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, Peopleâs Republic of ChinaTel +86 15128138630Fax +86 0311 85989696Email durp_as11@163.comObjective: The present study aims to investigate micro ribonucleic acid-365 (miR-365) serum expression and its correlation with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with hypertension (HT).Methods: Eighty-four patients were selected as study subjects and divided into three groups: the experimental group (n = 28), the observation group (n = 29), and the control group (n = 27). The experimental group included patients with LVH-accompanied HT who were treated in the Peopleâs Hospital of Hebei Province between November 2019 and November 2020, the observation group included patients with HT unaccompanied by LVH, and the control group included healthy age and gender-matched subjects who underwent health examinations in our physical examination center. The cardiac echocardiography, 24-h Holter electrocardiogram, and circulating miR-365 levels in all subjects were measured. The differences in circulating miR-365 expression levels among the three groups were compared, and the correlations between the miR-365 expression levels and the blood pressure parameters (24-h mean systolic blood pressure [SBP] and 24-h mean diastolic blood pressure [DBP]), inter-ventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), left ventricular internal diameter (LVID), left ventricular mass (LVM), LVM index (LVMI), and LVH-related indicators were analyzed.Results: The relative miR-365 expressions in the experimental, observation, and control groups were 2.08 (1.60, 2.34), 0.62 (0.44, 0.83), and 0.66 (0.35, 0.86), respectively. Patient miR-365 expression was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the observation group and the control group; the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.000). Furthermore, miR-365 expression was significantly correlated with SBP, DBP, IVST, LVPWT, LVID, LVM, and LVMI; the greatest correlation was with LVMI. Further univariate linear regression analysis revealed that miR-365 expression was linearly and positively correlated with LVMI and that miRNA-365 expression increased with the LVMI value.Conclusion: The miR-365 serum expression in patients with LVH-accompanied HT was increased compared with the observation group and the control group and positively correlated with the LVH degree.Keywords: essential hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, RT-PCR, microRNA