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New urbanization construction can effectively improve resource allocation efficiency and promote high-quality development, so there is practical significance to exploring the relationship between new urbanization construction and ecological welfare performance in order to achieve a win-win situation of ecological environmental protection and high-quality development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. This paper innovatively, from the perspective of input-output, constructs a framework for analyzing the ecological welfare performance, measures the ecological welfare performance of Yangtze River Economic Belt with SE-SBM model, and empirically analyzes the impact of new urbanization on ecological welfare performance using the fixed-effect model. The results showed that: (1). the ecological welfare performance of the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed a U-shaped trend of decreasing and then increasing as a whole. There were significant regional differences in the east, middle, and west of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, especially in the eastern region, a region that has shown an obvious growth trend. (2). Population and land urbanization had a significant negative inhibitory effect on improving ecological welfare performance. On the contrary, economic urbanization and social urbanization had significant positive effects on improving ecological welfare performance. (3). Adopting and implementing policies such as the National New Urbanization Plan (2021–2035) encouraged the co-development of new urbanization and ecological civilizations, promoting new urbanization construction and playing a beneficial role in transforming ecological welfare. So, the Yangtze River Economic Belt should promote a new type of urbanization going forward, promoting green transformation and the upgrading of industries, standardizing the utilization of land resources, improving the well-being of urban residents, and effectively governing urban environmental pollution.

Graphene quantum dot implanted supramolecular carbon nitrides exhibit superior visible-light photocatalytic activity in the degradation of aqueous contaminants of emerging concern.

This paper models a frequently encountered problem regarding optimal control and queuing. When the arriving and leaving of queuer are predicted, congestion is forecasted, the timing of intervene and control can really improve the effectiveness. A practical case of its application in industry is for the congestion management of smart grid, designed for which, modeling and solving the relevant optimal stopping problem refine the management to be even smarter, especially for the decision of whether intervene in advance or until the congestion happens, towards an ultimate reduction of congestion time. This model has no assumption expect letting the arriving time with a period time follows a uniform distribution, and has no parameters expect the congestion threshold. This conciseness makes this study applicable for very general cases and even for similar situations in other topics, and the findings illustrate deep wisdom of management especially for queueing control.

It is very important to control agricultural water pollution and promote agricultural water saving, for high-quality development of Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). The efficiency of agricultural green water utilization (EAGWU) needs financial and technical support from the new-type urbanization, which also change agricultural production mode and resource utilization level. This paper introduces non-point source water pollution into the output, adopts the super efficiency-slack model (SE-SBM) to measure the EAGWU, and uses difference generalized method of moments (DIF-GMM) to examine how new-type urbanization affects EAGWU from its four core characteristics. The results of EAGWU show that the overall efficiency value has been increasing rapidly in the research period, while the eastern provinces performed better and the central provinces performed worse. On the other hand, the overall difference in EAGWU first diverged and then shrunk, while economically developed provinces has been converging all the time. The results of driving factor estimation show that population urbanization has a significantly positive effect on EAGWU, with the rural labor force transfer and agricultural land circulation. Economic urbanization and urban-rural integration have negative effects, with the widening gap of absolute income and the compressed space of agricultural development. The EAGWU lag phase has a positive effect, because of the ratchet or cumulative effect, while equilibrium-urbanization has an insignificant effect. The conclusions will provide preferable recommendations for decision-making of green and water-saving development in agriculture.

Green bonds, a new green financial instrument, encourage enterprises to achieve high-quality development through green technology innovation. However, a lack of research is currently being conducted into the effect of green bond issuance in China. Can green bonds effectively empower enterprises to green innovation? What is the underlying mechanism? In the context of carbon-neutral strategies, it is significant to answer these questions scientifically. This paper uses a quasi-natural experiment of the launch of the green bond market in China in 2016 to conduct empirical studies based on the panel data of 1 558 non-financial Chinese-listed enterprises from 2015 to 2020 with the multi-period difference-in-difference model. The results show that ① issuing green bonds can significantly empower enterprises' green technology innovation. The empowering effect is mainly for green utility patents rather than green invention patents. This result remains after dynamic heterogeneity analysis, placebo test, and other tests. In addition, the effect has a lag. ② Heterogeneity tests show that this empowerment effect varies across enterprises with different property rights, industries, and regions. ③ In terms of the mechanism of action, green bonds can enhance enterprises' ability to innovate green technology by increasing the proportion of long-term loans and improving their debt structure. This paper broadens the relevant literature on the economic consequences of green bonds and the influencing factors of enterprises' green technology innovation and provides policy suggestions for further improving the analysis of green bonds.

This paper focuses on the problem of utilizing millimeter wave (mmWave) and Terahertz (THz) massive hybrid arrays to serve multiple users simultaneously. The mmWave and THz massive arrays are characterized by wide bandwidth and high gain, leading to extensive application prospects. Moreover, a hybrid structure array can combine multiple antenna signals through the phase shifter network. Compared with the full digital array, it is a cost-effective technique that can be functional with fewer radio frequency (RF) chains. However, owing to the adoption of a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) structure, most traditional massive hybrid arrays, which allocate one chain to each user, are restricted to scenarios where the number of RF chains is more than that of users. Otherwise, even users with ideal channel conditions and short distances are inherently difficult to assign an independent chain. Thus, it will limit the scale of users that the base station (BS) can support. Inspired by the above analysis, this paper develops a method to provide service for more users with limited RF chains. Firstly, an analog matrix designing method based on the minimax criterion, which enables arrays access to multiple users, is proposed to guarantee each user a good array gain. Secondly, we establish a receiver designing scheme by the GAMP algorithm to receive signals from multiple users at the same time. Additionally, good bit error rate (BER) performance can be obtained under the condition that the observation matrix is not of full rank. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Inter-regional industrial transfers would change the economic, societal, and ecological environment of the undertaking area profoundly. Some experts have recognized the ecological and environmental problems caused by industrial transfers. However, there are few studies on whether undertaking an industrial transfer will ultimately improve the well-being of residents. There is a strong application value for exploring this issue under the domestic cycle in China. This paper uses the shift-share analysis method to measure China’s inter-provincial industrial transfer from 2004 to 2019. According to the subjective and objective indicators, the article measures the level of residents’ well-being. A spatial econometric model is used to empirically test the impact of undertaking transferred industries on residents’ well-being and its mechanism. The results show that: 1. There is a significant spatial positive correlation between the well-being of residents at the national level. The empirical results also indicated significant spatial correlations at the level of the three major economic belts in the east, central, west, and northeast; 2. From the perspective of China as a whole, the inter-regional industrial transfer improved the well-being of the residents significantly, but the indirect negative effect reduced the total effect; 3. From the regional perspective, undertaking a transferred industry could significantly improve the well-being of residents in the central and eastern regions. However, in the northeast and western regions, it showed a serious negative effect. We should enhance the orderly transfer of industries deeply, considering the ecological and environmental capacities of the undertaking area fully and strictly limiting the inter-regional transfer of polluting industries. Only in this way could the government improve the well-being of residents in the industrial transfer-out areas and undertake areas effectively.

The green transformation of the manufacturing industry is crucial for high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and environmental regulation and technological innovation may play key roles. Considering the undesirable output of the manufacturing industry, this paper adopted the undesirable-SE-SBM Model to measure the green transformation efficiency, which can reflect the core transformation performance. On this basis, this paper respectively adopted system generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) and differential generalized method of moments (DIF-GMM) to explore the driving factors of green transformation, which fully considered the lag variable of transformation efficiency. The estimated results of green transformation showed that the efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has maintained an overall growth trend, while that of the eastern regions was higher than that of the central and western regions. The regional difference of transformation efficiencies showed a trend of convergence first and then expansion, however, a few regions such as Chongqing have achieved leapfrog development. The estimated results of driving factors showed the first-stage lag affected the green transformation positively, while the second-stage lag had a significantly negative effect. The ratchet effect and cumulative effect led to the continued efforts on green transformation, however, the timeliness of policy might cause a rebound in practice. As mentioned in green paradox, the environmental regulation had a negative effect, which might bring compliance costs. The technology innovation level indeed promoted the green transformation of manufacturing, but the scientific research investment did not exert the expected positive effect, while the utilization of many research funds lacked market orientation. Economic development level had a negative effect on green transformation, and it would play a positive effect only if it reached a certain stage. The industrialization and urbanization affected the efficiency positively, and the external dependence degree had a significant negative effect. It was not clear whether foreign direct investment (FDI) brought a pollution haven or pollution halo effect. In view of these conclusions, local governments should strictly enforce environmental regulations, build the regional green innovation system, improve marketization of research funds, optimize the export structure, and promote new urbanization and new industrialization.

How does environmental regulation affect ecological efficiency? What is the role of industrial transfer in the mechanism of action? Relations and interactions between the three determine economic quality when ecological performance is concerned. Empirical studies in this paper are based on samples from the Yangtze River economic belt in China, which contributes nearly half of China’s GDP. By measuring environmental regulation, industrial transfer, and ecological efficiency, data and indexes are prepared for investigating the driving mechanism of environmental regulation and illustrating of the role of industrial transfer. By applying the Markov process to model industrial transfer between regions, the dynamic of transfer is simulated and facilitates further study on the effects of industrial transfer. Finally, this paper concludes that by targeting on the improvement of ecological efficiency, environmental regulation releases its utility through industrial transfer. The highlights include three aspects. Theoretically, it illustrates the driving mechanism of improving the eco-efficiency by environmental regulation. Technically, it pioneers a methodology for describing the regional industrial transfer by modeling it with a Markov process. Practically, the conclusion supplies insights into the inherent law of sustainable development for policy makers.

Using topic extraction and visualization method to explore the themes of Gu Cheng's complete poems, which provides a reference for the quantitative interpretation and analysis of modern poetry works. According to Gu's self-staging, we divide Gu's complete poems, and use Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model and word cloud visualization technology to conduct staged topic extraction and visual analysis of Gu's poems. Finally, we divide Gu's poems creation into four stages of nature stage, culture stage, counter-culture stage, and non-self stage. On the staged topic extraction experiment of Gu's poems, we obtain four stages of topic extraction results and word frequency cloud maps, and in-depth analyze the theme changes and reasons of Gu's poems at different stages. Results show that the used topic extraction and visualization method could objectively and comprehensively reveal the content and change process of Gu's poems.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been widely used to model the internal flow field of centrifugal pumps to analyze cavitation phenomena. However, accurate determination of cavitation in pumps remains a challenge. In this study, liquid-vapor two-phase flow in centrifugal pump at different conditions and impeller structural parameters were studied numerically and experimentally. Cavitation multiphase unsteady model was proposed to simulate the flow field in the centrifugal pump by CFD method, and an experimental platform was set up to obtain cavitation performance results. The simulation data were validated with experiment and good consistency was achieved. This study investigated the mass transfer and cavitation behavior of centrifugal pumps under various conditions and customizes a simulation process to obtain the optimal combination of impeller blade number, blade wrap angle, and blade installation angle, which was expected to provide helpful insights into the structural optimization design of centrifugal pumps with good cavitation resistance.

Access to public health services is a cause that benefits the people and concerns the vital interests of the people. Everyone has access to basic health care services. The continuous improvement in people&rsquo, s health is an important indicator of the improvement in people&rsquo, s quality of life. This paper selects data from the European Union (EU) on aspects of public health expenditure, medical care resources, and government emergency coordination capacity from the period 2008 to 2017. Principal component analysis and factor analysis are used to measure their public health service capacity scores and conduct a comparative analysis. On this basis, the TOBIT model is adopted to explore the driving factors that lead to the spatial differentiation of public health service capabilities, and to combine it with the data of the COVID-19 epidemic as of 8 August 2020 from the official announcements of the World Health Organization and governments for further thinking. The results indicate that the public health service capacity of countries in the EU is showing a gradual increase. The capacity in Western Europe is, in turn, higher than that of Northern Europe, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe. In addition, the overall capacity in Western Europe is relatively high, but it is not balanced and stable, while Northern Europe has remained stable and balanced at a high level. Population density, degree of opening up, education level, economic development level, technological innovation level, and degree of aging have a positive effect on public health service capabilities. The level of urbanization has a negative effect on it. However, in countries with strong public health service capabilities, the epidemic of COVID-19 is more severe. The emergence of this paradox may be related to the detection capabilities of countries, the high probability of spreading thCOVID-19 epidemic, the inefficient implementation of government policy, the integrated system of the EU and the adverse selection of youth. This paper aims to improve the ability of the EU to respond to public health emergencies, improve the utilization of medical and health resources, and better protect people&rsquo, s health from the perspective of public health service capacity.

Promoting new-type urbanization with the concept of green development has become an inevitable requirement for high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Grasping the development trend and influencing factors of green urbanization level in the Yellow River Basin is of great significance for implementing the international conventions on environmental protection and participating in global environmental governance. This paper selects the green urbanization level panel data of nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 2006 to 2018. Then, principal component analysis and factor analysis are applied to measure and evaluate the green urbanization level of each province. Furthermore, this paper constructs a dynamic panel estimation model and uses differential generalized method of moments (DIF-GMM) model and system generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) model to explore the influencing factors. The results show that the overall level of green urbanization in the Yellow River Basin has steadily and rapidly increased, and there are significant spatial differences. The green urbanization level of eastern provinces is significantly higher than that of central and western provinces. In addition, the overall level of green urbanization shows a convergence trend. From the perspective of influencing factors, the factors that have significant positive effects on the level of green urbanization include economic development level, technological innovation level, and urban size. Industrial structure, foreign direct investment (FDI), and education level counteract the level of green urbanization. However, environmental regulation strength and opening degree fail to pass the significance test. Therefore, it is necessary to promote and upgrade industrial transformation, improve the quality of opening up, and strengthen cooperation in technological innovation and environmental governance. There are requirements that the government control the urban size and population scientifically and implement the environmental access system strictly in order to improve the level of green urbanization in the Yellow River Basin. It is more possible to achieve harmonious economic and ecological environment development.

It is greatly important to promote low-carbon green transformations in China, for implementing the emission reduction commitments and global climate governance. However, understanding the spatial spillover effects of carbon emissions will help the government achieve this goal. This paper selects the carbon-emission intensity panel data of 11 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2004 to 2016. Then, this paper uses the Global Moran&rsquo, s I to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial correlation of carbon emission intensity. Furthermore, this paper constructs a spatial econometric model to empirically test the driving path and spillover effects of relevant factors. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation with the provincial carbon intensity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, but this trend is weakening. The provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai are High&ndash, High agglomerations, while the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou are Low&ndash, Low agglomerations. Economic development, technological innovation, and foreign direct investion (FDI) have positive effects on the reduction of carbon emissions, while industrialization has a negative effect on it. There is also a significant positive spatial spillover effect of the industrialization level and technological innovation level. The spatial spillover effects of FDI and economic development on carbon emission intensity fail to pass a significance test. Therefore, it is necessary to promote cross-regional low-carbon development, accelerate the R&amp, D of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, actively enhance the transformation and upgrade industrial structures, and optimize the opening up of the region and the patterns of industrial transfer.

Considering the undesirable output, this paper adopted the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with the slack variable and super efficiency improvement, to measure industrial water utilization efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The paper also creatively introduces urbanization level and urban primacy into driver factors&rsquo, estimation by stochastic and fixed Tobit models, exploring how urbanization characteristics affected the water utilization in regional industrial production. The results showed that industrial water efficiency has maintained an upward trend during the whole period, while most central and western provinces have shown a U-shaped trend of decreasing first and then rising. However, the industrial water utilization efficiency of central regions is the lowest, and the eastern regions are the highest, catching up with western regions. Utilization efficiency shows an overall convergence during the research period from 2005 to 2017. Regarding the factors&rsquo, estimation, both population urbanization and land urbanization negatively affected industrial water utilization efficiency, particularly blind expansion and disorderly development. The urban primacy meant the unbalance of urbanization, which would lead to urban diseases and pollution transfer, while the effects of urban primacy depended on the urbanization level. However, the utilization efficiency of industrial water did not become better automatically along with urbanization development, therefore, the scale and speed of urbanization should be scientifically formulated. The effects of the level of economic development, the advanced industrial structure, and the level of foreign investment are significantly negative.

In recent years, Android malware has continued to evolve against detection technologies, becoming more concealed and harmful, making it difficult for existing models to resist adversarial sample attacks. At the current stage, the detection result is no longer the only criterion for evaluating the pros and cons of the model with its algorithms, it is also vital to take the model’s defensive ability against adversarial samples into consideration. In this study, we propose a general framework named AdvAndMal, which consists of a two-layer network for adversarial training to generate adversarial samples and improve the effectiveness of the classifiers in Android malware detection and family classification. The adversarial sample generation layer is composed of a conditional generative adversarial network called pix2pix, which can generate malware variants to extend the classifiers’ training set, and the malware classification layer is trained by RGB image visualized from the sequence of system calls. To evaluate the adversarial training effect of the framework, we propose the robustness coefficient, a symmetric interval i = [−1, 1], and conduct controlled experiments on the dataset to measure the robustness of the overall framework for the adversarial training. Experimental results on 12 families with the largest number of samples in the Drebin dataset show that the accuracy of the overall framework is increased from 0.976 to 0.989, and its robustness coefficient is increased from 0.857 to 0.917, which proves the effectiveness of the adversarial training method.

Searching for effective strategies of boosting charge carrier separation and improving photooxidation ability are highly desirable to design graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalysts for efficient organic pollutant degradation. Here we demonstrate an in situ acid-induced self-assembly of melamine and sodium tungstate method combined with hydrothermal treatment, by forming WO3/melamine-cyanuric acid supramolecular complex, to fabricate porous sheet-like WO3/g-C3N4 heterojunctions with oxygen doping; meanwhile, the morphology of WO3/g-C3N4 nanosheets can be further regulated by selecting different short-chain carboxylic acids. The heterojunctions exhibit enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity than bulk g-C3N4 and supramolecule-based g-C3N4 in degradation of phenolic pollutants, acetaminophen and methylparaben. The tests including active species trapping, photoelectrochemistry and photoluminescence firmly evidence that the extraordinary Z-scheme charge transfer manner plays dominated role to this excellent activity, which can accelerate charge carrier separation and retain powerful redox ability of electrons on conduction band of g-C3N4 and holes on valence band of WO3 simultaneously; additionally, porous sheet-like nanostructures and oxygen doping also positively influence the activity via improving light harvesting, providing plentiful active sites, shortening charge carrier migration distance and further facilitating charge carrier separation. LC−MS analysis and TOC monitoring find the target pollutants are completely degraded under oxidation of holes, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals.

To promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, the total amount and intensity of agricultural water must be controlled. Further speaking, an urbanization development system should be established that is compatible with water resources and the water environment. We adopted the stochastic frontier analysis model to measure the agricultural water utilization efficiency of the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2017. We also adopted the dynamic panel difference generalized method of moments (GMM) and system GMM models to verify the driving factors, in which population urbanization, economic urbanization, and equilibrium urbanization levels were selected as the key variables. The results show that the overall efficiency of agricultural water utilization maintained a steady upward trend during the research period. The spatial differentiation was generally characterized by higher efficiency levels in the eastern region and lower levels in the western region. The variation coefficient of water utilization efficiency showed a downward trend in general, which indicates a space spillover effect. Agricultural water utilization efficiency continued to converge from 2007 to 2017, and the upper reaches area converged relatively more quickly. Regarding the influencing factors, the population urbanization, economic urbanization, balanced urbanization, crop planting ratio, and rice planting ratio had negative effects on agricultural water utilization efficiency. Urbanization did not positively affect agricultural water use efficiency as the related theories, so urbanization quality and urban&ndash, rural integration should be paid more attention. However, technology innovation was significantly positive in agricultural water utilization efficiency. The influencing factors of per capita water availability and annual precipitation did not pass the significance test. Therefore, the government should vigorously promote the development of high-quality new-type urbanization, scientifically formulate the scale and speed of urbanization, strengthen the urban, rural, and industrial integration, and promote the adjustment of planting structures and agricultural deep processing.

Based on the data at the end of 2016 and selecting 12 variables such as building area and paper resource purchase fee, this paper uses principal component analysis and cluster analysis to evaluate the support ability and overall strength of 42 universities and colleges under “double-first class” construction. At last, ranking and classifying the university libraries according to the research results. This study has shown that the number of staff members, the purchase fee of electronic resources, paper resources, literature resources, the number of published paper and the number of paper resources are the main factors affecting the construction of university libraries. The gap in support ability among university libraries in the same region, different provinces and cities, and different types are obvious; the imbalance of libraries' own strength leads to their inefficiency; the strength of university libraries does not match the strength of scientific research. It is recommended that universities and colleges should allocate funds reasonably, increase the investment and attention in libraries, and strengthen exchanges and cooperation between university libraries in and between regions.

Tibet is the province with the largest international rivers and water resource reserves in China. However, due to its special ecological environment, the utilization of water resources has become an inevitable problem. Considering the undesirable outputs in water resource utilization, the Super-efficiency Slack-based Measure (SE-SBM) model is used to measure water utilization efficiency of Tibet and the Tibetan areas (four provinces where Tibetan areas are located) from 2006 to 2016. The mixed and random panel Tobit model is used to investigate the driving factors of water efficiency and a horizontal comparison between provinces is made on this basis. The results show that the water utilization efficiency of Tibet and the Tibetan areas in four provinces shows a &ldquo, U-shaped&rdquo, trend. The water utilization efficiency of most provinces is greater than or close to 1 and the water utilization efficiency of each province shows a constant convergence trend. Environmental regulation and technological innovation have a significant positive effect on water utilization efficiency. Urbanization and foreign direct investment (FDI) have a significant negative effect on water utilization efficiency. Per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and water resource endowment have no significant effect on water utilization efficiency. It is necessary to select a new type of urbanization suitable for the Tibetan Plateau, eliminate the backward production capacity, high water consumption, or high emissions industries, and to strengthen the research and development of water-saving and emission-reduction technology innovation in Tibet.

Compared with their digital counterparts, LDPC analog decoders own higher power efficiency which is suitable for low-power-consumptions applications. However, the high designing complexity of analog decoders with long block length has impeded their real-world applications. This paper presents a method to construct LDPC codes that can lower the designing complexity significantly by using identical models to form the whole decoder, as well as rules that codes should satisfy. Simulation results show that the proposed LDPC codes could lower the designing complexity with little performance lose and have better error-correcting performance than codes in CCSDS standard.