Search

The research aims to analyze the differences between male and female employment in Turkey between 2007 and 2022. In this process, various variables are taken into account and the results are supported by TUIK (Turkish Statistical Institute) data. In this study, panel data of TUIK for the years 2007-2022 were used as the methodology. These data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and E-Views programs using Correlation, Anova, Independent Samples t test, Man-Whitney u test and Regression tests. At the end of the analysis, it was seen that there is a high degree of correlation between female and male employment and that there is a high level of difference in terms of employment in all female age groups. According to the regression analysis results, female employment grows by 0.28 units per year, while male employment grows by 0.11 units per year. This shows that female employment has been rising faster than male employment in recent years.

This study explores how banks in the Turkish banking system design their asset and equity structures in return for monetary policy changes. In this context, between the periods of 2010-2020, we estimate bank leverage and liquidity with multiple monetary policy indicators and by employing two econometric models of static and dynamic panels. According to the results, banks reply to monetary expansion by picking up their leverage ratios on the liability part. On the other hand, banks reply to monetary expansion by enhancing their liquidity positions on the asset part. Also, the originality of our empirical study comes from that; this is the first attempt to evaluate the effects of monetary policy changes simultaneously on both sides of bank balance sheets’ in Türkiye.

Tarih boyunca kadın ve kadın bedeni eril gücün tahakküm mecrası olmuştur. Erkekliğe dair imgeler oluşturulurken kendisine tüm evrene tahakküm etme yeteneği ve gücünü doğal hakkı olarak kendinde gören erkek, karşıtı olarak kadını daha zayıf ve yetersiz olarak kurgulamıştır. Bununla birlikte diğer yaşayan canlılar üzerinde karar verme yetisini de kendi hakkı olarak görmüştür. Yazılı kaynaklarda ana soylu döneminde kadının Tanrıça olarak yüceltilmesi, değer görmesi açısından değerlendirilmesi gerekirken tarihi süreçte değişen hayati koşullar ve yerleşik düzene geçilmesiyle birlikte fiziksel gücün daha önem kazanmasıyla kadınlar itibar kaybetmiş ve nesneye dönüştürülerek bedenleri pazarlanmıştır. Kabileler arasında takas edilen kadın ancak takas edildiği nesnenin veya canlının değeri kadar değer taşımaktaydı. Bedeni artık kendi iradesinde olmayan kadın savaş alanında ganimet olarak görülmüş, kaçırılmış tekrar pazarlığın nesnesi olmuştur. Bu pazarlığı meşrulaştırmak adına da kadının rızası varmış gibi gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu aslında var olmayan rızanın tarihçesinin bir kesiti bu yazıda aktarılmaya çalışılacaktır. Başlangıcı Sümerlerden yola çıkılarak Ece Nana’ya yöneltilen övgülerden sonra Antik dünyanın ikirciklik anlayışından sonra kitabi dinlerdeki yansıması ele alınacak ve kadın düşmanlığının ve itibarsızlığın başlangıcı olarak dogmaya dönüşmesi Ana soylu düzenden ata soylu döneme geçişte gerçekleşmiş olacağı düşünülmektedir. Farklı kaynakların değerlendirilmesinden yola çıkılarak kadın bedeninin uzun yıllar geçmesine rağmen hala aynı imgeler ile değerlendirilmesi, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğin hala sağlanmamış olması umut kırıcı olsa da mücadelenin devamı için karanlıkta bırakılan kadınlar ortaya çıkmış olacaktır. Bu yazı yaklaşık 4000 yıl süreyi kapsayan fahişelerin tarihini aktarmaktadır.

Abstract Background Laminin, one of the largest glycoproteins of the basement membrane, is an important component of the extracellular matrix. Functions of the basement membrane include regulation of cell signaling behaviors and structural support. Laminin plays a critical role in the regulation of insulin action in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The study mainly investigates an association between the change in serum laminin levels and insulin resistance and non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis. Methods This prospective study included a total of 90 participants; 60 patients diagnosed with Grade 2–3 non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls between December 2019 and December 2020. Routine laboratory tests including glucose, insulin, homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and C-reactive protein and laminin levels were measured in the serum of the patient and control groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the measurement of laminin levels. Results The median serum laminin levels were lower in patients with hepatic steatosis, compared to the control group (72 ng/L vs. 82 ng/L, respectively; p = 0.003). In the patients with insulin resistance, median laminin levels were lower, regardless of the presence of non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis (67 ng/L vs. 85 ng/L, respectively; p = 0.007). There was a weak, negative correlation between the laminin levels and HOMA-IR. Conclusions Our study results suggest that, although there is no exact link between laminin and non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis, serum laminin levels are lower in patients with insulin resistance by regulating the insulin effect through integrins.

Çalışmanın temel amacı, askeri harcamaların; teknoloji veya pozitif dışsallıklar üzerinden büyümeyi uyarıcı etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Uygulamalı literatürde yaygın bir şekilde işlenmiş olan bu çalışma, uzun dönemli iktisadi büyümenin asıl bileşenleri olan sermaye birikimi ve teknolojik gelişmenin; transfer niteliğindeki askeri harcamalar değişkeni ile ne ölçüde ve nasıl etkileşim içinde olduğu konusunu incelemektedir. Burada, 33 OECD ülkesinin gözlem değerlerinden hareketle Genişletilmiş Solow Modeli ve Feder-RAM temelli modeller üzerinden; Sistem GMM yöntemiyle tahmin edilmiş model katsayıları yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları açısından, askeri harcamalar değişkeninin büyümeye etkisi Genişletilmiş Solow Modelinde negatif, aynı değişkenin gecikmeli değeri nise pozitif etkiye shiptir. Gecikmeli değerin pozitif etkisi akla teknolojik gelişmenin işlevsel yayılma etkisini getirmektetir. Feder-RAM temelli modelin tahmini sonucunda, askeri harcamalar değişkeninin büyümeye pozitif katkı yaptığı gözlemlenmiş olmakla birlikte çıktı içindeki payının değişim oranının negatif etki göstermesi, sivil sektör kaynaklı büyümenin baskın olması gerektiği hususunu düşündürmektedir. Bununla birlikte, her iki model de askeri harcamaların büyümeye etkisi kısmen önemlidir. Çünkü modelin tahmincisi katsayılar oldukça küçüktür. Ancak, devletlerin bekası gereği yapılması zorunlu olan bir harcama olan askeri mal ve hizmet üretiminin büyümeye katkısının artırılması için teknoloji ve bilgi artışını sağlayan sabit sermaye yatırımları ve ar-ge harcamalarının verimliğini artıracak politikalar geliştirimesi önemli olup karar alıcılar aaçısından da önensenmelidir. Bu çalışmada, hafif silah üreten firmaların sivil talep yönlü desteklenmesinin teknoloji dışşalığını artıracağı beklentisi ek bir öneri kapsamında sunulmaktadır.

The aim of the study is to identify variables that explain students' academic performance, determine their relative importance, and consequently, develop an index to distinguish advantaged and disadvantaged schools in pursuit of educational equality. By using this index, we intend to build a model for evaluating schools' overall performance based on their equality of opportunity. The research is structured within the quantitative research paradigm and the relational research design has been adopted. The research was carried out in 52 secondary schools and analysis were performed on data collected from 1143 students, 1600 teachers and 141 school administrators. While collecting the data, a monitoring exam was used to measure student achievement, which is the dependent variable. Data on independent variables were collected with student, teacher, and administrator surveys. Hierarchical linear modelling and ratio analysis were employed while analysing the data. It was found that student-level variables explain success more than school-level variables. Twenty different variables in total at the student and school level were found to be effective on student achievement. Based on these variables, a school advantages index was created. It has been observed that schools with a high school advantage index are also better off in terms of average school achievement. However, when evaluated together with the school advantages index, it was revealed that the effectiveness order of the schools changed. Our suggestion is that education systems need to have a more holistic approach to evaluate school performances. To provide both fair and radical equality of opportunity, each school should chart a course considering its own conditions regarding the education of disadvantaged students.

Introduction. It is known that hyperlipidemia reduces hearing functions. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of antihyperlipidemic drugs on hearing functions and tinnitus.

Study aim: This study was performed to investigate the effects of an eight-week multi-model sport activity home programme on function of children with cerebral palsy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine how often the recommendations of the Turkish Hypertension Consensus Report are followed, and to draw attention to the report. Methods: The demographic information of 1000 patients diagnosed with hypertension and the details of the antihypertensive medications prescribed at the outpatient service of a tertiary care hospital were recorded, and the data were compared with the recommendations of the report. Results: The mean age of the patients was 62+-11 years. In all, 623 (62.3%) of the 1000 patients were women, and 377 (37.7%) were men. A combination of an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and a diuretic was the most frequently observed prescription. A diuretic was the most used antihypertensive drug (58.7%), followed by an ARB (48.8%). However, as a monotherapy, a calcium channel blocker (CCB) was the most commonly used antihypertensive drug (19.2%). The most frequently used antihypertensive drug group in older patients was diuretics (63.6%), as proposed in the report. Beta blockers (49.1%) were used more often than expected. For the diabetic group also, a diuretic (60.7%) was the most frequently used antihypertensive drug, followed by an ARB (51.1%) and a CCB (45.2%). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (34.6%) were the fifth most preferred antihypertensive drug class. However, when ACE inhibitors and ARBs were considered as a single group, known as renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, these RAS blockers were the most prescribed antihypertensive drug class, followed by diuretics. In the group of patients with coronary artery disease, treatment was found to be generally consistent with the report, but the use of diuretics was greater than expected. Lastly, 124 of 160 patients who had chronic kidney disease were given RAS blocker therapy, which was in line with the consensus report recommendations. Conclusion: Antihypertensive therapies were individualized, as suggested by the consensus report. However, there are proposals still to be considered in special patient groups.

Objective: Vitamin D is a key regulator of calcium homeostasis and has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Active vitamin D has a direct effect on T cells and antigen-presenting cells. It also suppresses the differentiation of B cells to plasma cells and inhibits immunoglobulin production. Vitamin D supplementation is associated with a favorable outcome in chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine serum vitamin D levels in patients with acute toxic, ischemic, or viral hepatitis and whether the levels had an effect on clinical progression or mortality in patients with acute hepatitis.Methods: Forty-eight patients (26 men and 22 women) and 35 controls (16 men and 19 women) aged >18 years who were diagnosed as having acute hepatitis and hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Department were enrolled. To determine serum 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D levels, two fasting blood samples, first in the initial 24–48 h following hospitalization and second on the day of discharge, were obtained from the participants. The SPSS Statistics v21.0 software was used for the quantitative evaluation of data.Results: Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the patient group (10.0±8.7) than in the control group (31.5±12.2), but no significant difference was detected in serum vitamin D levels among the patients. Serum vitamin D levels, except in patients with viral hepatitis, were low at discharge. Serum vitamin D levels were lower than the cutoff values in two patients with early mortality.Conclusion: We demonstrated that serum vitamin D levels had no effect on clinical progression of acute hepatitis. Other prospective studies with large sample sizes are required to determine whether serum vitamin D levels can be used to predict clinical progression or mortality.

In this study, it is aimed to examine the predictive effect of the meaning in life on psychological wellbeing and happiness in university students. In the study, it was also investigated whether there was a significant difference between the meaning in life, psychological well-being and happiness scores in terms of gender. The study population of the research consists of students studying at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Education in the fall semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. The study group consisted of a total of 323 students, 236 (73.1%) g rls and 87 (26.9%) boys, aged between 20 and 26 (x 21.62), selected w th the conven ence sampl ng method, one of the non-random sampling methods. In the study personal information form, Short form of Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Psychological Well-Being Scale and Meaning in Life Questionnaire were used as data collection tools. According to the findings obtained from the study, the meaning in life predicted students' psychological well-being at a significant level; it was seen that the meaning in life explained about 30% of the total variance in students' psychological well-being scores. In addition, the meaning in life predicted the happiness level of students at a significant level; it was seen that the meaning in life explained about 23% of the total variance in the happiness scores of the students in a meaningful way. Finally, it was found that there was no significant difference between the meaning in life, happiness and psychological well-being scores of the students according to their gender.

The study aims to examine the new media literacy levels of adults living in Turkey and North Cyprus in terms of various demographic levels by administrating the New Media Literacy Scale (NMLS). The NMLS comprises four factors: Functional Consumption, Critical Consumption, Functional Prosumption, and Critical Prosumption. Previous research studies have not been done on a national scale and new media literacy emerges as a need in every field that concerns society. According to the results from the study group consisting of 2927 individuals, the scores of the NMLS are above the average. The new media literacy level of young adults is higher than the other ages. As the education level of the participants increases, the level of new media literacy increases on the whole scale and on the sub-dimensions of functional consumption and functional production. In the critical consumption sub-dimension, graduate and undergraduate graduates have higher results than high school graduates. According to the income level, the scores of the high-income levels are high in all sub-dimensions and in the total score of the scale. The region of residence is an important variable since the new media literacy level is higher in the western regions of the country with a high population density and developed service sector. The NMLS of the participants did not differ significantly by gender and by marital status. The most frequently used media tools and the most frequently followed subject areas in digital media are discussed in descriptive results about the use of new media.