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We studied the helminths parasitizing the individuals of the Turkish smooth newt, Lissotriton schmidtleri (n = 60)and the Balkan crested newt, Triturus ivanbureschi (n = 40) collected from two localities in Ýzmir, Turkey. Of the100 newts, 20 (20%) were infected. We detected only one species of parasites, Megalobatrachonema terdentatum(Nematoda: Kathlaniidae), with a prevalence of 0.13% and 0.30% in L. schmidtleri and T. ivanbureschi, respectively.Triturus ivanbureschi represents a new host record for M. terdentatum. Also we present new locality recordsfor both hosts and helminth species.

The hehninth fauna of thirty nine Mediterranean Chameleon, Chamaeleo chamaeleon (Linnaeus, 1758) (22 male male, 17 female female) was examined. Specimens collected from Adana, Hatay, Antalya, Aydin, Gaziantep, Mugla and Izmir provinces in Turkey. The trematodes recovered included Plagiorchis elegans (Rudolphi, 1802) Braun, 1902, P. molini Lent & Freitas, 1940 and Pseudosonsinotrema chamaeleonis Dollfus, 1951. The nematode recovered was Physaloptera sp. Turkey is a new geographical record for Pseudosonsinotrema chamaeleonis. C. chamaeleon represents a new host record for P. elegans, P. molini and Physaloptera sp.

Forty-five ocellated bronze skinks, Chalcides ocellatus (17 males, 26 females, and 2 juveniles), from eight localities in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey were examined for helminths. Forty-four hosts were infected with 1 or more species of helminth. One species of Digenea, Brachylaima sp. (metacercaria), 1 species of Cestoda, Oochoristica tuberculata, and 6 species of Nematoda, Parapharyngodon bulbosus, Pharyngodon inermicauda, Pharyngodon mamillatus, Skrjabinodon aegyptiacus, Spinicauda sonsinoi, and Moaciria icosiensis, were found. Chalcides ocellatus represents a new host record for Brachylaima sp. and Turkey is a new locality record for P. bulbosus, Ph. inermicauda, Ph. mamillatus, S. aegyptiacus, Sp. sonsinoi, and M. icosiensis.

1998-2004 yılları arasında Türkiye'nin 4 değişik bölgesinden yakalanan 53 Ova Kurbağası (Rana ridibunda) helmintleri incelenmek üzere toplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 9 Digenea, 4 Nematoda, 2 Acanthocephala ve 1 Hirudinea türüne rastlanmıştır. Pleurogenoides stromi, Cosmocerca ornata, Neoxsyomatium brevicaudatum, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Eustrongylides excicus ve Centrorhynchus sp. Türkiye'deki Rana ridibunda için ilk kez kaydedilmiştir., Fifty-three marsh frogs, Rana ridibunda, that were collected during the period from 1998 to 2004 from 4 different regions of Turkey and variable extended localities, were examined for helminths. As a result of our study 16 species of metazoan parasites were found. These included 9 Digenea, 4 Nematoda, 2 Acanthocephala and 1 Hirudinea. Pleurogenoides stromi, Cosmocerca ornata, Neoxsyomatium brevicaudatum, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Eustrongylides excicus and Centrorhynchus spp. were detected. This is the first time that Rana ridibunda has been reported in Turkey.

ÖZET Çalışmada Bursa ve çevresinde yayılışı görülen Lacertidae familyasına ait 7 kertenkele türünün helmintolojik incelemesi yapılmıştır. İncelenen kertenkelelerin isimleri ve sayılan aşağıdaki gibidir. 1. Lacerta danfordi (GÜNTHER) 1876 (63 adet) 2. Lacerta saxr/'co/a EVERSMANN 1834 (43 adet) 3. Lacerta sicula RAFİNESQUE 1810 (16 adet) 4. Lacerta trilineata&EDKLAGA, 1886 (37 adet) 5. Lacerta viridis (LAURENTI, 1768) (73 adet) 6. OphisopselegansMENETKJES, 1832 (21 adet) 7. Podarcis muralis (LAURENTİ, 1768) (39 adet) Helmintolojik incelemesi yapılan bu 7 türden biri olan ve İstanbul'da yaşadığı bilinen Lacerta sicula'nm Bursa'da daha önce yayılışı bilinmiyordu. Bu tür tarafımızdan bulunarak Bursa için yeni kayıt yapılmış ve tezimize dahil edilmiştir. Helmintolojik incelemesi yapılan türler 26.05.1995 - 26.10.1998 tarihleri arasında Bursa ve çevresinden toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda 15 değişik helminth türü bulunmuştur. Bunlar ; Ptagîorchis vespertilionis (Mueller, 1780), Plagiorchis elegans (Rud., 1802). Pleurogenoides medians, Brachylaemus spp., (Digenea) Oochûristica tuberculoid (Rud., 1819) Mesocestoides spp., (Cestoda) Prosthorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala), Abbreviaia abbreviata (Rudolphi), 1819., Skrjabinela&a hoffmanni Li, 1934, Skrjabinelazia taurica Sypliaxov, 1930, Oswaldocruzia filiformis Goeze, 1782, Spauligodon saxicolae Sharpilo, 1961, Spironoura armenica (Massino 1924), Skrjabinodon medinae Garcia Calvente, 1948, Ascarops sp.(Rud., 1819(Nematoda)' dır. Türkiye'deki kertenkelelerin helminth faunasının ortaya çıkarılmasını amaçlayan bu çalışma sonucu bulunan helminth türlerinin tamamı Türkiye'deki kertenkeleler için yeni kayıttır. Anahtar Kelimeler : Kertenkele, Lacertidae, Helminth fauana, Plathelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Acanthocephala 11 ABSTRACT HELMINTH FAUNA OF LIZARDS SPECIES BELONGING TO LACERTEDAE (REPTILIA) FAMILY DISTRIBUTED IN BURSA AND ITS AROUND In this study, 7 lizard species belonging to Lacertidae distributed in Bursa and its around were examined for helminth parasites Examined lizards name and their number are as follows : 1. Lacerta danfordi (GÜNTHER) 1876 (63) 2. Lacerta saxicola EVERSMANNIS34 (43) 3. Lacerta szc«/a RAFiNESQUE 1810 (16) 4. Lacerta trilineataBEDBIAG A, 1886 (37) 5. Lacerta v/rafo (LAURENTI, 1768) (73) 6. Ophisops elegansMENETRIES, 1832 (21) 7. PodarcismuralisfLAVREKTÎ, 1768) (39) Lacerta sicula Helminthologically examined is known Istanbul area, but this species is not known in Bursa area and its around L. sicula have been recorded from Bursa and its around L. sicula is a new record for geographical distribution extending to Marmara region Helminthologically examined species' were collected from Bursa and its around between 26.05.1995 and 26.10.1998. At the end of this study 15 helminth parasites species were found. The helminth parasites are as follows ; Plagiorchis vespertilionis (Mueller, 1780), Plagiorchis elegans (Rud., 1802). Pleurogenoides medians, Brachylaemus spp., (Digenea) Oochoristica tuberculoid (Rud., 1819) Mesocestoides spp., (Cestoda) Prosthorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala), Abbreviata abbreviata (Rudolphi), 1819., Skrjabinelazia hoffinanni Li, 1934, Skrjabinelazia taunca Sypliaxov, 1930, Oswaldocruzia filiformis Goeze, 1782, Spauligodon saxicolae Sharpilo, 1961, Spironoura armenica (Massino 1924), Skrjabinodon medinae Garcia Calvente, 1948, Ascarops sp.(Rud., 1819(Nematoda) The purpose of the present study is to determine the helminth fauna of lizards in Turkey. All of them are new species records for lizards in Turkey. Key Words : Lizards,, Lacertidae, Helminth fauana, Plathelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Acanthocephala 120

Türkiye’ de Lacertidae familya üyesi 42 kertenkele türü yayılış göstermektedir. Tez çalışmasında Darevskia cinsine dahil bu familya üyesi 7 konak kertenkele türünün -D. armeniaca (Hemşin kertenkelesi), D. derjugini (Artvin kertenkelesi), D. parvula (Gürcü kertenkelesi), D. raddei (Radde kertenkelesi), D. rudis (Trabzon kertenkelesi), D. unisexualis (Ağrı kertenkelesi), D. valentini (Valentin kertenkelesi)- helmint faunasının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Faunanın belirlenmesinde önce morfolojik karakterlere göre klasik taksonomi ardından DNA sekans analizi uygulanmıştır. Tanımlanan türlerden 10 tanesi Nematoda şube üyesidir. Bu türler 2’si cins seviyesinde olmak üzere; Skrjabinodon medinae, S. alcaraziensis, Spauligodon sp., S. carbonelli, S. aloisei, Skrjabinelazia hoffmanni, Strongyloides darevsky, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Thubunae sp., Acuaridae larva; 2 Sestod Oochoristica tuberculata ve Mesocestoides spp. ve 1 Akantosefal Sphaerirostris scanensis türü olmak üzere 13 helmint türü tanımlanmıştır. Helmintlerle ilgili hedef genomun belirlenmesi ile daha çok morfolojik, anatomik ve ekolojik özelliklerine göre teşhis edilen parazit türlerinin varlığı doğrulanmıştır. Morfolojik ve moleküler sonuçlar birbirini desteklemiştir. Tez çalışmasında tanımlanan 13 helmint türün biri larva olmak üzere 4 tanesi Türkiye helmint faunası için yeni kayıttır. Fourty two lizard species are distrubuted in Turkey. In this study, ıt is aimed that seven host species of Lacertidae family are determined helminth fauna -D. armeniaca (Hemşin lizard), D. derjugini (Artvin lizard), D. parvula (Gürcü lizard), D. raddei (Radde lizard), D. rudis (Trabzon lizard), D. unisexualis (Ağrı lizard), D. valentini (Valentin lizard). It was applied firstly classical taxonomy to morphological characters and then DNA sequence analysis in determining fauna. Ten species identified are member of phylum: Nematoda. These species are: two of genus; Skrjabinodon medinae, S. alcaraziensis, Spauligodon sp., S. carbonelli, S. aloisei, Skrjabinelazia hoffmanni, Strongyloides darevsky, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Thubunae sp., Acuaridae larva; 2 Sestod Oochoristica tuberculata and Mesocestoides spp. and 1 Akantosefal Sphaerirostris scanensis. Totally 13 helminth species are reported. It has been confirmed that present of parasite species identified according to morphological, anatomical and ecological characteristics with determining target genom of helminthes. The results of morphologic and molecular support each other. Four species- one of them is larva-of identified 13 helminth species are new record of Turkish helminth fauna.

Bu çalışmada Olea europaea L. (Zeytin) bitkisinin yaprak ekstresi ve fenolik bileşeni olan oleuropein’in doğal enfekte farelerde Aspiculuris tetraptera’ya karşı antihelmintik etkisi araştırılmıştır. Aspiculuris tetraptera ile doğal enfekte 91 adet Balb/c fare, fekal flotasyon yöntemi ile tespit edilmiştir. Enfekte fareler 7 gruba ayrılmış ve ad libitum beslenmiştir. Olea europaea’nin 3 ve oleuropein’in 2 farklı dozu uygulanmıştır. 1. Grup (Kontrol grubu) farelere gavaj yoluyla su verildi. 2. grup farelere 10 mg/kg Albendazol ilacı verildi. 3. grup farelere Olea europaea 250 mg/kg, 4. grup farelere Olea europaea 500 mg/kg ve 5. deneme grubu farelere Olea europaea 1000 mg/kg’lık dozları gavaj yoluyla uygulandı. Aynı şekilde, 6. grup farelere 5 mg/kg oleuropein ve son olarak 7. deneme grubu farelere ise 20 mg/kg oleuropein ağız yoluyla verilmiştir. Dozlar, 7 gün boyunca verilip 8. gün tüm hayvanlara nekropsi yapıldı ve stereomikroskop altında Aspiculuris tetraptera parazit sayılarına bakıldı. Etkinlik yüzdesi ve p değerleri Mann-Whitney U analiz programıyla hesaplandı. Albendazolün etkinlik oranı %92,43 olarak hesaplandı. Olea europaea 250 mg/kg dozunun %70,56, Olea europaea 500 mg/kg dozunun %63,18, Olea europaea 1000 mg/kg dozunun %92,19, oleuropein 5 mg/kg dozunun %9,27 ve oleuropein’in 20 mg/kg’lık dozunun %70,56 oranında antihelmintik etkisini gösterdiği belirlendi. Albendazol ve Olea europaea 1000 mg/kg dozunun en yüksek, 5 mg/kg oleuropein dozunun en düşük etki değerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. P değerlerine bakıldığında Olea europaea 1000 mg/kg dozunun önemliye yakın (P=0,05), Albendazolun önemli (p˂0,05) ve 1, 3, 4 6 ve 7 grupların da önemsiz (p˃0,05) olduğu görüldü. Olea europaea ve oleuropein dozları arttıkça Aspiculuris tetraptera’ya karşı antihelmintik etkisinin yükseldiği gözlemlendi. In this study, the anthelmintic effects of Olea europaea (olive) leaves extract and its major phenolic compound oleuropein have been investigated in mice naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera. 91 Balb/c infected mice were identified by fecal flotation method and were divided into 7 groups. Infected groups were given free access to standard laboratory food and tap water. Tap water was available ad libitum. 3 doses of Olea europaea and 2 doses of oleuropein were orally administered. Group1 (control group) was provided with only tap water. 10 mg/kg dose of Albendazole was orally given to Group 2. Group 3, 4 and 5 were rendered with 250 mg/kg, 500mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg doses of Olea europaea respectively. Similarly, 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg doses of oleuropein were given to group 6 and 7. All the groups were orally administered by gavage for 7 days during treatments. On 8th day, animals were euthanized and gastrointestinal tract was removed and examined under a stereomicroscope to count and identify the parasite presence. Drug efficacies and statistical difference between the treatments and controls were evaluated by Mann-Whitney U test. According to the results, it has been found that reference drug Albendazole (92.43%) and 1000 mg/kg dose of Olea europaea (92.19%) showed significant efficacies against A. tetraptera counts while 250 mg/kg (70.03%) and 500 mg/kg (63.18%) doses exhibited moderate effects. Similarly, 5 mg/kg dose of oleuropein showed lower efficacy (9.27%) than 20 mg/kg (70.56%). Efficacy of 10 mg/kg oleuropein was found to be in par with 250 mg/kg leaves extract of Olea europaea. Statistical analysis of albendazole was found to be significant (p0.05). Anthelmintic effects of Olea europaea leaves extracts and oleuropein increased in a dose-dependent manner.

Bu çalışmada Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Biberiye ) bitkisinin ve bu bitkinin bir bileşeni olan Rosmarinik asidin doğal enfekte farelerde Aspiculuris tetraptera’ya karşı antihelmintik etkisi araştırılmıştır. Aspiculuris tetraptera ile doğal enfekte 90 adet Balb/c fare dışkı flotasyon yöntemi ile bakılarak tespit edilmiştir. Rosmarinus officinalis'in 3 dozuna bakılmıştır. Enfekte fareler 6 gruba ayrıldı. 1.Grup Biberiye bitkisinin yaprak ekstraktı 250 mg/kg, 2.grup R. officinalis 500 mg/kg, 3.grup R. officinalis 1000 mg/kg, 4.grup Rosmarinik asit, 5.grup, albendazol, 6.grup serum fiyolojik'dir. Bütün gruplar 7 gün boyunca gavajla beslenmiştir. 8.gün tüm hayvanlar ötanazi yapılarak içerdikleri parazit sayılarına bakıldı. Etkinlik yüzdesi ve p değerleri hesaplandı. Etki değerleri albendazolün %89,1399, rosmarinik asidin % -8,17, 250 mg/kg biberiye dozunun %25,44, 500 mg/kg biberiye dozunun %46,54, 1000 mg/kg biberiye dozunun %7,16‟dır. Albendazol en yüksek, rosmarinik asit ise en düşük etki değerine sahiptir. P değerlerinde ise grup 2, önemli (p˂0,05), grup 3, 4, 5 ve 6 da önemsiz (p˃0,05) olduğu görüldü. In this study, the anthelmintic effect of Rosmarinic asid, a component of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) plant and rosemary against Aspiculuris tetraptera in naturally infected mice was investigated. The faeces of 90 Balb/c mice, naturally infected with Asiculuris tetraptera, were determined by examining the feces by flotation method. Three doses of R. officinalis were examined. Infected mice were divided into 6 groups. Leaf extract of 1st group Rosemary plant 250 mg/kg, 2nd group R. officinalis 500 mg/kg, 3rd group R. officinalis 1000 mg/kg, 4th group Rosmarinic asid, 5th group albendazole, 6th group serum phiological. All groups were gavaged for 7 days. On the 8th day, all animals were euthanized and the number of parasites they contained was measured. Percentage of activity and p values were calculated. The effect values were % 89, 1399 of albendazole, % -8, 17 of Rosmarinic asid, % 25,44 of a 250 mg/kg Rosemary dose, % 46,54 of a 500 mg/kg Rosemary dose and % 7,16 of a 1000 mg/kg Rosemary dose. Albendazole has the highest effect value and Rosmarinic asid has the lowest effect value. P values were found to be significant in group 2 (p˂0,05), and insignificant in group 3, 4, 5, and 6 (p˃0,05).

Bu çalışmanın amacı Katırlı Dağı (Bursa) ve civarındaki kurbağa ve sürüngen türlerini tespit edilmesidir. Bu nedenle 2013 Mayıs – 2015 Nisan dönemleri arasında 74 farklı istasyonda arazi çalışması yapılmıştır. Arazi çalışmaları kurbağa ve sürüngenlerin biyolojik, ekolojik özellikleri göz önünde tutularak gece ve gündüz aktif oldukları saatler göz önüne alınarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kurbağalardan 4 familyaya ait 7 tür, Sürüngenlerden 8 familyaya ait 18 tür olmak üzere toplamda 12 familya altında yer alan 25 tür tespit edilmiştir. The aim of this study is to determine the species of amphibian and reptiles in Katırlı Mountain (Bursa) and its vicinity. For this reason, 74 different stations between May 2013 and April 20 searched on. Field studies were carried out considering the biological and ecological characteristics of amhibian and reptiles, taking into consideration the hours in which they are active day and night. 7 species belonging to 4 families from amphibians, 18 species belonging to 8 families from reptiles. 25 species of Amphibians and Reptiles were determined under 12 families.

Eighty-two green lizards, Lacerta viridis (Laurenti, 1768), from different locations of Bursa, Turkey, were examined for helminths. Two species of Cestoda, Mesocestoides sp. (as tetrathyridium) and Oochoristica tube rculata, and 4 species of Nematoda, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Skrjabinelazia hoffmanni, Skrjabinelazia taurica, and Skrjabinodon medinae, were found. Lacerta viridis is parasitized by generalist helminths that also infect other lizards. Parasite lists for other Turkish lacertid lizards are given.

Haziran 2016 tarihinde Sivas ili Ulaş ilçesinden 30 adet (6 dişi, 24 erkek) Cüce Kertenkele (Parvilacerta parva) helmint parazitleri açısından incelenmiştir. 30 Cüce kertenkelenin 6'sında toplam 13 Oochoristica tuberculata (Rudolphi,1819) (Cestoda) örneğine rastlanmıştır. O. tuberculata kertenkelelerde yaygın bulunan bir Cestod türüdür. Yurdumuzda Cüce kertenkeleler üzerinde gerçekleştirilen ikinci çalışma olup, Oochoristica tuberculata konak kertenkele için yeni kayıttır. In 2016 June, 30 amount of dwarf lizards (6 female and 24 male) from Ulaş country, Sivas were studied by the aspect of helminth parasites. 13 Oochoristica tuberculata (Rudolphi,1819) (Cestoda) samples have been found in the 6 of 30 dwarf lizards. Oochoristica tuberculata is a cestod species that commonly found on lizards. It is the second study on dwarf lizards ever and, Oochoristica tuberculata is the new record for the host lizard.

Haziran 2016 tarihinde Sivas ili Ulaş ilçesinden 30 adet (6 dişi, 24 erkek) Cüce Kertenkele (Parvilacerta parva) helmint parazitleri açısından incelenmiştir. 30 Cüce kertenkelenin 6'sında toplam 13 Oochoristica tuberculata (Rudolphi,1819) (Cestoda) örneğine rastlanmıştır. O. tuberculata kertenkelelerde yaygın bulunan bir Cestod türüdür. Yurdumuzda Cüce kertenkeleler üzerinde gerçekleştirilen ikinci çalışma olup, Oochoristica tuberculata konak kertenkele için yeni kayıttır. In 2016 June, 30 amount of dwarf lizards (6 female and 24 male) from Ulaş country, Sivas were studied by the aspect of helminth parasites. 13 Oochoristica tuberculata (Rudolphi,1819) (Cestoda) samples have been found in the 6 of 30 dwarf lizards. Oochoristica tuberculata is a cestod species that commonly found on lizards. It is the second study on dwarf lizards ever and, Oochoristica tuberculata is the new record for the host lizard. 37

Şubat, Mart ve Nisan 2017 Ayları sırasında, 65 Siraz Balığı Capoeta baliki, Eskişehir'de Seydi Nehri'nden helmint parazitleri incelenmek üzere toplantı. Bu balıklardan 24'ünde helmint parazit raslanmıştır ve toplam 65 parazit gözlenmiştir. Kaydedilen bu parazitler 1 Digeanea; Allocreadium isoporomu ve 3 nematod türü; Contracaecum sp, Eustrongylides excisus ve Rabdochona denutata'dan oluşmaktadır. Allocreadium isoporom 12 balıkta (% 18.46) bulunmuştur. Balıkların% 12.31'ini oluşturan sekiz balık, Contracaecum sp, Eustrongylides excisus ve Rabdochona denutata ile enfekte olup, sırasıyla % 1.51, % 3.08 ve % 7.69 enfeksiyon yoğunluğuna sahiptir. Capeota baliki üzerinde gerçekleştirilen ilk helmintolojik çalışmadır. Bulunan türler daha önce başka balık türleri üzerinde kayıtlı ancak ilk defa Siraz balığından tespit edilmiştir. During the months of February, March and April 2017, 65 Capoeta baliki, known as the Sakarya barb were taken from Seydi River in Eskişehir and examined for helminth parasites. From this study, a total 65 parasites were observed from 24 fish which were found to be infected with atleast a helminth parasite. These parasites recorded consisted of a digeanea species; Allocreadium isoporom and three nematod species; Contracaecum sp, Eustrongylides excisus and Rabdochona denutata. Allocreadium isoporom was found in 12 fish (18.46%). Eight (8) fish, which accounted for 12.31% of the fish were found to be infected with Contracaecum sp, Eustrongylides excisus and Rabdochona denutata which meant an infection intensity of 1.51%, 3.08% and 7.69% respectively. This study provides the first ichthyoparasitological data for Capoeta baliki in Turkey. 57

Population of Iranolacerta brandtii lizard including 56 (21 female, 34 male,1 juvenile) samples were examined for helminths. 17 of them were found to harbour one or more helminth parasites, while 39 didn't harbor any. Two helminth species were determined. These belong to Phylum: Nematoda, Spauligodon aloisei Casanova, Milazzo, Ribas & Cagnin, 2003 and Skrjabinodon medinae. Garcia-Calvente, 1948. This study represents new host and locality records in both host lizard and the helminth species. Sp. aloisei is recorded for the first time; Sk. medinae is the third report from Turkey nevertheless Sk. medinae is a new host record for I. brandtii.

Six species of Trematoda (Prosthodendrium ascidia, Prosthodendrium longiforme, Lecithodendrium linstowi, Plagiorchis muelleri, Plagiorchis vespertilionis, and Plagiorchis koreanus) of Myotis aurescens from Bursa Province, Turkey, were examined for DNA sequencing of the 28S ribosomal gene region. A partial sequence of the 28S ribosomal gene from digenean species was studied using BLAST and found to be a useful region for helminth species diagnosis.

2012 Eylül- 2016 Temmuz tarihleri arasında Bursa Hayvanat Bahçesi'nden Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü Parazitoloji Laboratuvarı'na getirilmiş 35 Gümüş Martı (16 ♀♀, 11 ♂♂ ve 8 juvenil), Larus michahellis (Naumann, 1840) örneği helmint parazitleri açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışmada 35 L. michahellis örneğinin 23 tanesinde helmint paraziti bulunmuştur. İncelenme sonucunda 13 helmint türüne rastlanılmıştır. Bunlar Digenea' ya ait Acanthotrema armata, Brachylaima aspersae, Cryptocotyle lingua, Diplostomum spathaceum, Knipowitschiatrema sp. ve Stephanoprora denticulata, Cestoda'ya ait, Alcataenia microcantha, Diphyllobothrium dentriticum, Microsomacanthus ductilis, Monopylidium galbulae ve Tetrabothrius erostris ve Nematoda' ya ait Contracaecum rudolphii ve Synhimanthus sp. türüdür.Yurdumuzda Larus michahellis üzerinde gerçekleştirilen 2. helmint çalışması özelliğinde olup, Acanthotrema armata, Brachylaima aspersae, Cryptocotyle lingua, Diplostomum spathaceum Knipowitschiatrema sp., Stephanoprora denticulata, Alcataenia microcantha, Diphyllobothrium dentriticum, Microsomacanthus ductilis, Monopylidium galbulae, Tetrabothrius erostris, Contracaecum rudolphii ve Synhimanthus sp. türleri Türkiye 'de yaşayan L. michahellis için yeni kayıttır. Ayrıca Acanthotrema armata, Brachylaima aspersae, Cryptocotyle lingua, Knipowitschiatrema sp., Stephanoprora denticulata, Alcataenia microcantha, Diphyllobothrium dentriticum, Microsomacanthus ductilis, Monopylidium galbulae, Tetrabothrius erostris ve Contracaecum rudolphii türleri Türkiye parazit faunası için ilk kayıttır. Between September 2012 and July 2016 , thirty- five Yellow Legged Gull (16 ♀♀, 11 ♂♂ ve 8 juvenil), Larus michahellis (Naumann, 1840) species from Bursa Zoological Garden from Uludag University Faculty of Arts brought to the Biology Department of Parasitology Laboratory were investigated in terms of helminth parasites were found in thirteen of thirty five host specimens. As aresult of this study, thirteen helminth species were identified. These species are Acanthotrema armata, Brachylaima aspersae, Cryptocotyle lingua, Diplostomum spathaceum, Knipowitschiatrema sp. and Stephanoprora denticulata belongig to Phylum: Digenea; .Alcataenia microcantha, Diphyllobothrium dentriticum, Microsomacanthus ductilis, Monopylidium galbulae and Tetrabothrius erostris belonging to Phylum: Cestoda; Contracaecum rudolphii and Synhimanthus sp. belonging to Phylum: Nematoda.This study is the second helminth study on Larus michahellis in Turkey, Acanthotrema armata, Brachylaima aspersae, Cryptocotyle lingua, Diplostomum spathaceum, Knipowitschiatrema sp., Stephanoprora denticulata, Alcataenia microcantha, Diphyllobothrium dentriticum, Microsomacanthus ductilis, Monopylidium galbulae, Tetrabothrius erostris, Contracaecum rudolphii and Synhimanthus sp. species are new records for yellow legged gull living in Turkey. Also Acanthotrema armata, Brachylaima aspersae, Cryptocotyle lingua, Knipowitschiatrema sp., Stephanoprora denticulata, Alcataenia microcantha, Diphyllobothrium dentriticum, Microsomacanthus ductilis, Monopylidium galbulae, Tetrabothrius erostris ve Contracaecum rudolphii species are the first record for Turkey parasitic fauna 125

A checklist of metazoon parasites of Anura and Urodela in Turkey has been compiled from parasitological studies done in Turkey between 1960 and 2013. The list of parasite species is arranged by phylum and class, providing parasite name, location of the caught Anura and Urodela hosts, and date of published record. Seventy parasite species belonging to phylum Platyhelminthes (including 7 species of Monogenea, 24 species of Digenea, and 2 species of Cestoda), phylum Nemathelminthes (including 30 species of Nematoda), phylum Acanthocephala (6 species), and phylum Annelida (1 species) are listed from 24 host species, which were collected from different parts of Turkey. The parasite-host list is organized on a taxonomic basis and provides information for the species of host(s) infected, the known geographic distribution in Turkey, and the published sources for each host and locality record.

Polystoma nacialtuneli n. sp. is described from the urinary bladder of the eastern spadefoot, Pelobates syriacus from Turkey. This is the fifth polystome species known from Turkey and the third species in Pelobates. We show that this new parasite species can be distinguished from other polystome species in the area by a combination of characteristics, including parasite size and the shape and size of the hamuli. Polystoma pelobatis from Pelobates cultripes has a pair of well-developed hamuli, while P. fuscus from Pe. fuscus characteristically has a pair of underdeveloped hamuli barely larger than the marginal hooklets. Polystoma nacialtuneli n. sp. has well-developed hamuli that vary significantly in shape. Phylogenetic relationships of P. nacialtuneli n. sp. within Polystoma, supplemented with molecular divergences estimated from internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences, indicate that they are well separated from their closest relatives, i.e. P. fuscus and P. pelobatis from Pe. fuscus and Pe. cultripes, respectively.

Twenty-one grass snakes, Natrix natrix, and 24 dice Snakes, Natrix tessellata, from Turkey were examined for helminths. Natrix natrix harbored 5 species of Digenea: Astiotrema monticelli, Encyclometra colubrimutrorum, Macrodera longicollis. Paralepoderma cloacicola, and Telorchis assula; 2 species of Cestoda: Ophiotaenia europaea and Spirometra erinaceieuropae: and 2 species of Cetoda: Rhabdias fuscovenosa and larvae of Eustrongylides excisus. Natrix tessellata snakes harbored 1 species of Diggenea, Telorchis assula: 1 Species of Cestoda, Ophiotaenia europacu; and 2 species of Nematoda. Rhabdias fuscovenosa and larvae of Eustrongylides excisus. Turkey is a new locality record for A. monticelli, P. cloaciola. T. assida. O. europaea. S. erinaceieuropae. larvae of E. excisus and R. fuscovellosa.

Marmara denizi, Eskihisar sahilinden yakalanan 58 Zargana balığı (Belone belone) (25 erkek, 33 dişi) helmint faunası ortaya çıkarılmak üzere incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda 3 helmint türüne rastlanmıştır. Bunlar Monogenea'ya ait Axine belones, Digenea'ya ait Lecithostaphylus retroflexus ve Nematoda'ya ait Hysterothylacium aduncum dur. Bu çalışma ile dünyada birçok denizde bulunup ülkemizde de daha çok Marmara ve Karadenizde bulunan Zargana (Belone belone) balığının helmint faunası çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Zargana (Belone belone) balığının genel parazit faunası ile ilgili ülkemizde daha önce Özer ve Yurakhno (2013) tarafından bir çalışma yapılmış, bizim çalışmamızda da teşhis edilen Monegeneadan Axine belones, Nematoda'ya ait Hysterothylacium aduncum türleri kaydedilmişdir. Bu çalışmamızda bu iki helmint türden farklı olarak teşhis ettiğimiz üçüncü tür olan Digenea'ya ait Lecithostaphylus retroflexus türü, ülkemiz için yeni kayıttır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Belone belone, Monogenea, Digenea, Nematoda, Fifty eight Gar fish, Belone belone (25 male, 33 Female) from Marmara sea Eskihisar coast of Turkey, were examined for helminthes. As a result of this study, Belone belone harbored 3 species of helminth. These are 1 species of Digenea, Lecithostaphylus retroflexus, 1 species of Monogenea, Axine belones and 1 species of Nematoda, Hysterothylacium aduncum. In that study we aimed that identifiy the helmint fauna of Garfish (Belone belone) which found many marine in the world and in our country Marmara and Black sea. A former study about parasite fauna of Garfish (Belone belone) was conducted by Özer ve Yurakhno (2013) and they have reported Monegenean Axine belones, and Nematod Hysterothylacium aduncum species which have identified also in our study. Differently from aforementioned two helminth species which identified in our study Digenean Lecithostaphylus retroflexus species is the first record for Turkey.Key words: Belone belone, Monogenea, Digenea, Nematoda, 41

Bursa ve çevresinde yayılış gösteren Vespertilionidae'ye ait 14 yarasa türü (Myotis blythi, M. myotis, M. mystacinus, M. alcothea, M. capaccinii, M. aurescens, M. daubentoni, M. emarginatus Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus, P. nathusii, Miniopterus schreibersii, Eptesicus seratinus, Nyctalus leisleri) helmint parazitleri yönünden incelenmiştir. Bu yarasalardan Lecithodendrium linstowi, L. mystacini, Prosthodendrium chilostomum, P. longiforme, P. ascidia, P. urna, P. hurkovae, P. loossi, Pycnoporus heteroporus, P. megacotyle, P. macrolaimus, Plagiorchis vespertilionis, P. mülleri, P. koreanus, P. elegans, Mesotretes peregrines, Parabascus semisquamosus 17 Digenea türü, Hymenolepis roudabushi, H. pipistrelli, Insectivorolepis okamotoi, I. niimiensis, Rodentolepis macrotesticulatus, Vampirolepis isensis 6 Sestod türü ve Capillaria moraveci, Skrjabinocapillaria eubursata, Litomosoides chandleri, Physaloptera brevivaginata, Rictularia lucifugus, Physocephalus sexalatus, Molinostrongylus alatus, M. ornatus, M. skrjabini, Strongylacantha glycirrhiza 10 Nematod türü grubuna ait toplam 33 helmint türü belirlendi. Morfolojik ve anatomik özellikleri dikkate alınarak teşhis edilen bu helmintlerin, 28s rDNA, 5,8s rDNA ve ITS1 gen bölgelerinin DNA dizi analizleri yapıldı. Moleküler veriler de 33 türün varlığını destekledi. Böylece morfolojik ve moleküler sonuçların birbiriyle uyumlu olduğu, teşhis için kullanılan karakterlerin doğruluğu sonucuna ulaşıldı. Tezdeki 14 tür yarasanın, 12 türü Türkiye'de, Myotis alcothea, M. aurescens, Pipistrellus pygmaeus olmak üzere 3 türü ise helmintleri yönünden Dünya'da ilk defa çalışılmıştır. Teşhis edilen 33 helmint türünün 31'i Türkiye Helmint Faunası için yeni kayıttır. Myotis blythi, M. myotis, M. mystacinus, M. alcothea, M. capaccinii, M. aurescens, M. daubentoni, M. emarginatus Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus, P. nathusii, Miniopterus schreibersii, Eptesicus seratinus, Nyctalus leisleri 14 bat species which in Vespertilionidae family spread in Bursa province and around, were examined for helminthes and as a result of this study, from these bat species Lecithodendrium linstowi, L. mystacini, Prosthodendrium chilostomum, P. longiforme, P. ascidia, P. urna, P. hurkovae, P. loossi, Pycnoporus heteroporus, P. megacotyle, P. macrolaimus, Plagiorchis vespertilionis, P. mülleri, P. koreanus, P. elegans, Mesotretes peregrines, Parabascus semisquamosus 17 species Digenea, Hymenolepis roudabushi, H. pipistrelli, Insectivorolepis okamotoi, I. niimiensis, Rodentolepis macrotesticulatus, Vampirolepis isensis 6 species Cestoda and Capillaria moraveci, Skrjabinocapillaria eubursata, Litomosoides chandleri, Physaloptera brevivaginata, Rictularia lucifugus, Physocephalus sexalatus, Molinostrongylus alatus, M. ornatus, M. skrjabini, Strongylacantha glycirrhiza 10 species belonging to Nematoda total 33 helminth species were determined. These helminth species which diagnose take into account morphological and anatomical features, were made DNA sequencing analysis of 28s rDNA, 5,8s rDNA and ITS1 gene regions. Also, molecular data of them point to 33 helminth species. So determined morphological and molecular data compatible each other and characters which use diagnosing are correct. 12 bat species of the 14 species which belong to thesis first time examined for helminth species from Turkey and Myotis alcothea, M. aurescens, Pipistrellus pygmaeus first time in the world also. 31 species helminth of the 33 species which diagnose new record for Helminth Fauna of Turkey. 204

Fifteen Laudakia caucasia and 25 Laudakia stellio from Turkey were examined for helminths. Laudakia caucasia harbored 1 species of Cestoda, Oochoristica tuberculata, and 3 species of Nematoda, Foleyella candezei, Parapharyngodon tyche, and Thelandros baylisi. Laudakia caucasica represents a new host record for O. tuberculata, P. tyche, and T. baylisi. Laudakia stellio harbored 6 species of Nematoda, Foleyella candezei, Parapharyngodon kasauli, Parapharyngodon tyche, Thelandros taylori, Strongyluris calotis, and third-stage ascaridoid larvae. Laudakia stellio represents a new host record for F. candezei, P. kasauli, S. calotis, T. taylori, and ascaridoid larvae.

The occurrence of helminth parasites of barbel in the Doganci Dam Lake was investigated monthly from December 1998 to November 1999. During this study, a total of 47 barbell were caught and examined for helminth parasites. A total of 5 species of helminth parasites was found as follows. Dactylogyrus carpathicus (Monogenea) was observed on gills of the fish and Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Cestoda), Allocreadium isoporum (Digenea) and Contracaecum sp (Nematoda) were present in the intestines and the abdominal cavity of fishes. D. carpathicus was the dominant parasite species found in barbel. A total of 117 parasites were recorded on 27 of the 47 fish examined. The overall prevalence of D. carpathicus was 57%. A. isoporum was the second most dominant parasite in this study. A total of 35 parasites were found in 9 of 47 fish examined and the total prevalence of A. isoporum was 19.1%. However B. acheliognathi were present only in very small numbers. Only seven B. acheliognathi were found in 4 of the 47 fish examined. Four fish were infected by C. laticeps and a total of 13 parasites was found. A single species of Nematoda, Contracaecum sp was observed in 5 of the 47 fish examined. A total of 25 parasites was recorded. The overall prevalence of Contracaecum, sp was 27.2%. D. carpathicus and A. isoporum were new records for the helminth fauna of Turkey.

Bursa Hayvanat Bahçesi'nden Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü'ne getirilmiş 21 B. buteo (Linnaeus,1758) örneği helmint parazitleri açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışmada 21 B. buteo örneğinin 15 tanesinde helmint parazit bulunmuştur. İnceleme sonucunda 7 helmint türüne rastlanmıştır. Bunlar Digenea' ya ait Neodiplostomum attenuatum ve Strigea falconis, Nematoda' ya ait, Synhimanthus laticeps, Physaloptera alata ve Ascarid larva, Cestoda' ya ait Cladotaenia globifera ve Acanthocephala şubesine ait Centrorhychus amphibius türüdür. Yurdumuzda B. buteo üzerinde gerçekleştirilen ilk helmint çalışması özelliğinde olup, Nematoda şubesinden Synhimanthus laticeps türü hariç, tüm türler Türkiye için yeni kayıttır. Anahtar Kelimeler: B. buteo, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, 2014, vi + 43 sayfa. Twenty one B. buteo species from Bursa Zoological Garden were investigated in terms of helminth parasites were found in fifteen of twenty host specimens. As a result of this study, seven helminth species were identified. These species are Neodiplostomum attenuatum and Strigea falconis belonging to Phylum: Trematoda. Synhimanthus laticeps, Physaloptera alata and Ascarid larvae belonging to Phylum: Nematoda; Cladotaenia globifera belonging to Phylum: Cestoda and Centrorhychus amphibius belonging to Phylum: Acanthocephala.This study is the first helminth study on B. buteo in Turkey, all of helminth species are new records for Turkey, except S. laticeps from Phylum Nematoda.Key words: B. buteo, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, 2014, vi + 43 pages. 52

The common toad, Bufo bufo, from Trabzon Province, Turkey, was found to harbor 5 species of Nematoda: Aplectana acuminata, Aplectana macintoshii, Cosmocerca ornata, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, and Rhabdias bufonis, and 1 species of Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus ranae. With the exception of Rhabdias bufonis, all represent new host records for Bufo bufo in Turkey.

Forty lemon-yellow tree frogs, Hyla savignyi, collected from Kırıkhan, Turkey (25 in April 2009, 15 in April 2010), were examined for helminths, and 21 frogs were found to be infected. One species of Monogenea (Polystoma integerrimum), 3 species of Digenea (Diplodiscus subclavatus, Halipegus kessleri, and Pleurogenoides medians), 1 species of Cestoda (Nematotaenia dispar), and 2 species of Nematoda (Aplectana brumpti and Cosmocerca commutata) were found. Hyla savignyi represents a new host record for Polystoma integerrimum, Diplodiscus subclavatus, Halipegus kessleri, Pleurogenoides medians, Aplectana brumpti, and Cosmocerca commutata., Kırk tane limon yeşili ağaç kurbağası (Hyla savignyi) helmintleri için (25, Nisan 2009; 15, Nisan 2010), Kırıkhan’dan toplanmış ve incelenmiştir. Bunların 21 tanesinde parazit bulunmuştur. Bu parazitlerin biri Monogenea (Polystoma integerrimum), 3’ü Digenea (Diplodiscus subclavatus, Halipegus kessleri, Pleurogenoides medians), biri Cestoda (Nematotaenia dispar) ve ikisi Nematoda (Aplectana brumpti, Cosmocerca commutata)’ya aittir. Hyla savignyi; Polystoma integerrimum, Diplodiscus subclavatus, Halipegus kessleri, Pleurogenoides medians, Aplectana brumpti ve Cosmocerca commutata için yeni konak kaydıdır.

Fifteen Lyciasalamandra atifi and 14 L. fazilae from Antalya Province, Turkey, were examined for helminths. Three species of nematodes, Rhabdias bermani, Aplectana acuminata, and Cosmocerca longicauda, were found in L. atifi and 2 species, Aplectana linstowi and Cosmocerca longicauda, were found in L. fazilae. L. atifi represents a new host record for each of the 3 species of nematodes reported; L. fazilae represents a new host record for each of the 2 species of nematodes reported. Onbeş Lyciasalamandra atifi ve 14 L. fazilae helmintleri incelenmek üzere Türkiye’nin Antalya ilinden toplanmıştır. Lyciasalamandra atifi’de 3 nematod türü (Rhabdias bermani, Aplectana acuminata, Cosmocerca longicauda), L. fazilae’de 2 nematod türü (Aplectana linstowi, Cosmocerca longicauda) bulunmuştur. Lyciasalamandra atifi ve L. fazilae’de bulunan nematod türleri için yeni konak kaydıdır.

Akdeniz bölgesindeki 8 lokaliteden toplanan 45 Benekli Kertenkele (17 erkek, 26 dişi ve 2 juvenil) helmint faunası ortaya çıkarılmak üzere incelenmiştir.Çalışma sonucunda 8 helmint türüne rastlanmıştır. Bunlar Digenea' ya ait Brachylaima sp., Cestoda' ya ait Oochoristica tuberculata ve Nematoda' ya ait Pharyngodon mamillatus, Pharyngodon inermicauda, Parapharyngodon bulbosus, Skrjabinodon aegyptiacus, Spinicauda sonsinoi, Moaciria icosiensis' dir.Yurdumuzda Chalcides ocellatus (Benekli Kertenkele) üzerinde gerçekleştirilen bu ilk çalışmada Oochoristica tuberculata ve Brachylaima sp. türleri hariç diğer türler Türkiye için yeni kayıttır. Brachylaima sp., C. ocellatus' tan ilk kez rapor edilmektedir. Forty five Ocellated lizard, Chalcides ocellatus (17 male, 26 female and 2 juvenile) from eight localities in Mediterrenean Region of Turkey, were examined for helminthes.As a result of this study, Chalcides ocellatus harbored 8 species of helminth. These are 1 species of Digenea, Brachylaima sp., 1 species of Cestoda, Oochoristica tuberculata and 6 species of Nematoda, Pharyngodon mamillatus, Pharyngodon inermicauda, Parapharyngodon bulbosus, Skrjabinodon aegyptiacus, Spinicauda sonsinoi and Moaciria icosiensis.In our country this is the first study conducted on Chalcides ocellatus, the ocellated skink presents a new host record for the six species except for Oochoristica tuberculata and Brachylaima sp. from Turkey. This is the first record of Brachylaima sp. from C. ocellatus. 63

Thirty-eight Balkan green lizards, Lacerta trilineata, from Turkey were examined for helminths. Three species of Digenea, Plagiorchis elegans, Pleurogenoides medians, Brachylaemus sp. (metacercaria); 2 species of Cestoda, Oochoristica tuberculata and Mesocestoides sp. (tetrathyridium); and 6 species of Nematoda, Abbreviata abbreviata, Ascarops strongylina (larva in cysts), Falcaustra armenica, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Skrjabinelazia hoffmanni, Skrjabinodon medinae, were found. Lacerta trilineata represents a new host record for each of the parasite species; Plagiorchis elegans, Brachylaemus sp., Oochoristica tuberculata, Mesocestoides sp., Abbreviata abbreviata, Ascarops strongylina (larva), Falcaustra armenica Skrjabinelazia hoffmanni, and Skrjabinodon medinae are reported from Turkey for the first time., 38 iri yeşil kertenkele Bursa’ dan (Türkiye) (Lacerta trilineata) helmintleri incelenmek üzere toplanmıştır. Bulunan türlerin 3’ü Digenea; Plagiorchis elegans, Pleurogenoides medians, Brachylaemus sp. (metacercaria), 2’si Cestoda; Oochoristica tuberculata, Mesocestoides sp. (tetrathyridium), 6’sı Nematoda; Abbreviata abbreviata, Ascarops strongylina (kist içinde larva), Falcaustra armenica, Oswaldocruzia fi liformis, Skrjabinelazia hoff manni, Skrjabinodon medinae grubuna aittir. Lacerta trilineata, her bir parazit türü için yeni konak kaydı olup, bu parazitler iri yeşil kertenkeleden ilk kez rapor edilmiştir. Plagiorchis elegans, Brachylaemus sp., Mesocestoides sp., Abbreviata abbreviata, Ascarops strongylina (larva), Falcaustra armenica, Skrjabinelazia hoff manni, Skrjabinodon medinae türleri Türkiye için yeni kayıttır.

Ninety-one eastern spadefoot toads, Pelobates syriacus, were collected from 3 localities in Turkey between 1993 and 2003 and examined for helminths. One species of Monogenea (Polystoma sp.) and 3 species of Nematoda (Aplectana brumpti, Oxysomatium brevicaudatum, Skrjabinelazia taurica) were found. Pelobates syriacus represents a new host record for Polystoma sp. and S. taurica.

Bursa ve çevresinden 1996-1999 yılları arasında toplanan 20 tosbağa (12 erkek, 8 dişi) helmint parazitleri belirlenmek üzere incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonunda 7 tür nematoda rastlanmıştır. Bunlar: Atractis dactyluris, Angusticaecum holopterum, Mehdiella microstoma, Mehdiella uncinata, Tachygonetria conica, Tachygonetria dentata ve Tachygonetria longicollis'dir.Çalışma tosbağa üzerine ülkemizde yapılan ilk çalışmadır. Bulunan parazitler Türkiye için yeni kayıttır.ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Testudo graeca, Nematod, Bursa 20 spur-thighed tortoises, Testudo graeca (12 male, 8 female), are collected in 1996-1999 from the Bursa province and are examined for helminthes. 7 species of helminth parasites are found. Those are Atractis dactyluris, Angusticaecum holopterum, Mehdiella microstoma, Mehdiella uncinata, Tachygonetria conica, Tachygonetria dentata and Tachygonetria longicollis.This study is the first study that is done on Testudo graeca in Turkey. The parasites that are found are new records for Turkey.KEY WORDS: Testudo graeca, Nemathelminthes, Bursa. 48

Fifty-four Caucasian parsley frogs, Pelodytes caucasicus, from Turkey were examined for helminths in 2005. Found were 1 species of Digenea, Gorgodera cygnoides; 5 species of Nematoda, Agfa tauricus, Aplectana brumpti, Cosmocerea ornata, Oswaldocruzia filifiormis, and Rhabdias bufonis: and 1 species of Acanthocephala, Pseudoacanthocephala caucasicus. Pelodytes caucasicus represents a new host record for each of the parasite species; Agfa tauricas and Pseudoacanthocephala caucasicus are reported from Turkey for the first time.

Hatay'dan toplanmış olan 15 Kör Kertenkele (1 Jüvenil, 9 Erkek, 5 Dişi ) helmint faunasını belirlenmek üzere incelenmiştir.Çalışma sonucunda 2 helmint türüne rastlanmıştır. Bunlar Nemathelminthes'e ait Thelostoma sp. ve Parapharyngodon micipsae'dir.Bu çalışma Dünya'da ve Türkiye'de Kör Kertenkele üzerinde yapılan ilk çalışmadır. Bulunan parazit türleri ülkemiz için yeni kayıttır. 15 worm lizards which were collected in Hatay province of Turkey were studied to identify the helmint fauna.At the end of the study, 2 species of helmint were found. These are Thelostoma sp. and Parapharyngodon micipsae ( Nemathelminthes)This is the first study that has done on `Blanus struchi` in both Turkey and the world. The parasites found are the first records for Turkey. 35

Fifty-four Rana holtzi and 84 Rana macrocnemis from Turkey were examined for helminths. Rana holtzi harbored 3 species of Digenea (Gorgoderina vitelliloba, Haplometra cylindracea, Opisthioglyphe rastellus) and I species of Nematoda (Cosmocerca ornata). Rana holtzi is a new host record for these helminths. Rana macrocnemis harbored 1 species of Monogenea (Polystoma macrocnemis), 5 species of Digenea (Opisthioglyphe rastellus, Gorgoderina vitelliloba, Haplometra cillindracea, Pleurogenes claviger, Pleurogenoides medians), 3 species of Nematoda (Rhabdias bufonis, Cosmocerca ornata, Oswaldocruzia filiformis), and 1 species of Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalus ranae). Rana macrocnemis represents a new host record for H. cylindracea, O. rastellus, and P. medians.

One hundred forty-three banded frogs Rana camerani were collected from 2 localities in Turkey between 2000 and 2004 and examined for helminths. One species of Monogenea (Polystoma sp.), 5 species of Digenea (Gorgodera cynoides, Gorgoderina vitelliloba, Haplometra cylindricae, Opisthioglyphe rastellus, Pleurogenoides medians), 1 species of Cestoda (Nematotaenia dispar), 3 species of Nematoda (Cosmocerca ornata, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Rhabdias bufonis), and 1 species of Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalus ranae) were found. Rana camerani represents a new host record for each of the collected parasite species.

TRABZON YÖRESİ SİĞİLLİ KURBAĞA(BUFO BUFO (LNNAEUS, 1758)) (ANURA ; BUFONIDAE) `LARININHELMİNT FAUNASIÖZET:Trabzon ilinden toplanmış olan 42 siğilli kurbağa helminthleri incelenmiştirNemathelmintlerden Rhabdias bufonis (Schrank, 1788) ait 407 birey, Cosmocercaornata (Dujardin, 1845) ait 879 birey, Aplectana macintoshii (Stewart, 1914) ait 136birey , Aplectana acuminata (Schrank, 1788) ait 88 birey, Oswaldocruzia filiformis(Goeze, 1782) ait 362 birey ve Acanthocephalus bufonis (Shipley, 1903) 756 bireyinyapısal özellikleri gözden geçirilmiştir.Rhabdias bufonis dışındaki parazitler Türkiye'de siğilli kurbağada ilk kezyakalanmıştır. için yeni kayıttır. Ayrıca bu türlerden Aplectana macintoshii veAcanthocephalus bufonis'in Türkiye için yeni kayıt olduğu tespit edilmiştir..ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Siğilli kurbağa, Nematod, Akanthosephal, Rhabdiasbufonis, Cosmocerca ornata, Aplectana macintoshii, Aplectana acuminata,Oswaldocruzia filiformis ve Acanthocephalus bufonis. HELMINTH PARASITES OF THE COMMAN TOAD, BUFO BUFO(LINNAEUS;1758)(ANURA: BUFONIDAE) FROM TRABZONABSTRACTThe helminth fauna of 42 common toads, Bufo bufo, in the Trabzon province ofnorth-eastern Turkey comprised 6 species: Rhabdias bufonis (Schrank, 1788) ,Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin, 1845) Diesing, 1861, Aplectana macintoshii (Stewart,1914) Travassos, 1931, Aplectana acuminata (Schrank, 1788) Railliet & Henry, 1916,Oswaldocruzia filiformis Goeze, 1782 and Acanthocephalus bufonis (Shipley, 1903).All parasites except Rhabdias bufonis represent new host records for Bufo bufo inTurkey.Aplectana macintoshii and Acanthocephalus bufonis is the first report fromTurkey.KEY WORDS: Bufo bufo, Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Acanthocephala,Rhabdias bufonis, Cosmocerca ornata, Aplectana macintoshii, Aplectana acuminata,Oswaldocruzia filiformis and Acanthocephalus bufonis Turkey. 47

Seventy-two Caucasian salamanders, Mertensiella caucasica, were collected from 5 localities in Turkey between 1995 and 2001 and examined for helminths. One species of Monogenea, Euzetrema caucasica; 2 species of Digenea, Brachycoelium salamandrae and Opisthioglyphe rastellus; 1 species of Cestoda, Nematotaenia dispar; 4 species of Nematoda, Amphibiocapillaria tritonispunctati, Aplectana acuminata, Cosmocerca longicauda, and Mertensinema iberica; and 1 species of Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus ranae, were found. One new host record and 6 new locality records are reported.

BURSA VF, ÇEVRESİNDE YAŞAYAN EMYS ORBICULARIS (LINNAEUS, Î758) BENEKLİ KAPLUMBAĞA'NIN HF.LMİNT FAUNASI ÖZET 1 996 - 2003 yıllan arasında Bursa yöresinde değişik yerlerden yakalanan 12 adel Benekli Kaplumbağa (F.mys orbicularis), helmintlerini tespit etmek üzere toplanmıştır. Bı; çalışma sırasında kaplumbağaların sindirim borusu, akciğerleri ve mesanesi parazitoiojik olarak inecienmişiir. Çalışmanın sonucunda Digenea'ya ait I'oiaf/ium laıurevvi, Ncmatoda'ya ait Scrpincma microcephaius. Spironoııra armenicu ve Spiroxys coniorius' a rastlanılmıştır. Bu çalışma Eınys orbicularis (Benekli Kapiunıbağa)`in heimintleri üzerine yurdumuzda yapılan ilk çalışma olup, yurdumuz omurgalı hayvanlarının helmint faunasının ortaya çıkarılmasına katkıda bulunmak amaçlamıştır. Bulunan türlerden Spiroxys contorlus Türkiye helmint faunası için yeni kayıttır. Anahtar Kelimeler : Benekli Kaplumbağa. Digcnea. Nemaloda. THE HELMINTH FAUNA OF EMYS ORBICULARIS (LINNAKUS.1758) (EUROPEAN POM) TURTLE) LIVING IN FRESHWATER ABSTRACT 12 European Pond Turtle, F.mys orbicularis individuals collected in i 996-2003 (rom Bursa region and variable extended localities were examined for helminths. During dissection the following organs were surveyed for parasites: alimentary tract, lungs and urinary bladder. Of the 4 helminth, species found, /'alayjum lazarewi, (Digcnca), Serpinema microccphalus. Spironoura armcuica and Spiroxys conlorius (Nematoda). This study is the first survey on the host F.mys orbicularis and aims finding out Lire heiminth fauna of the vertebrate in Turkey. Spinsxys conlorius is a new record for Turkish helminth fauna. Key Words : F.mys orbicularis. Digenea. Nematoda. 35

Erythrocyte size and morphology of some tortoises and turtles from Turkey. Zoological Studies 42(1): 173-178. In this study, erythrocyte size and morphology of the turtles, Emys orbicularis hellenica and Mauremys rivulata (Emydidae), and tortoises, Testudo hermanni hermanni, and T. graeca ibera (Testudinidae), living in Turkey were examined. Twenty-five specimens were used in the study. There were 6 of E. orbicularis hellenica, 5 of M. rivulata, 5 of T h. hermanni, and 9 of T graeca ibera. Erythrocyte morphology of these examined species was described using Wright's technique. The sizes of erythrocytes and their nuclei were measured using an ocular micrometer at a magnification of 1600x. Results of this study were compared with previous work on the other reptile species. The largest and the widest erythrocytes were found in E. orbicularis hellenica and the smallest in T graeca ibera. In terms of the studied species, the nuclear and erythrocyte sizes were found to be correlated (Testudinidae: r = 0.494, p < 0.001; Emydidae: r = 0.668, p < 0.001).

Polystoma macrocnemis n. sp. (Polystomatidae) is described from the urinary bladder of Rana macrocnemis (Ranidae) in Turkey. Its general morphology is similar to that of other members of the genus, but it is distinguished from closely related species by numerical parameters of the hamuli and also by its host species and geographical range.

Sixty- five roach (Rutilus rubilio) in Iznik lake were examined for helminth parasites. A total of 3 species of helminth parasites were foul-td on 57 of 65 fish examined. The following parasites were found : 168 Dactylogyrus sphyrna, 73 Neoechinorhynchus rutili. 9 Eusterongylides sp.