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Objectives: Hepcidin is a biomarker produced by hepatocytes in chronic disease anemia and is known to increase during chronic inflammation. This study compares the hepcidin levels in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and controls, evaluating its relationship with anemia and systemic inflammation in IPF patients. Methods: This study included 82 IPF patients and 31 controls. Hepcidin levels were compared between the two groups. In the IPF group, the hepcidin and anemia parameters were compared between anemic and non-anemic patients. The significance between the hepcidin and systemic inflammation parameters such as Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, CRP (C-reactive protein) levels, ferritin levels, and the Systemic Immune–Inflammation Index (SII) was investigated. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and ferritin levels were measured using automated analyzers. Hepcidin and erythropoietin (EPO) levels were determined using ELISA kits. Results: A significant difference in hepcidin levels was found between the IPF and control groups (37.13 ± 14.92 vs. 25.77 ± 11.25, p < 0.001). No significant difference in hepcidin levels was found between anemic and non-anemic IPF patients (38.25 ± 16.2 vs. 36.7 ± 14.6, p = 0.719). No significant correlation was found between hepcidin levels and anemia parameters (serum iron, ferritin, vitamin B12, serum transferrin, transferrin saturation, total iron-binding capacity, hemoglobin, folate, and erythropoietin) in IPF patients. Despite significant differences in the systemic inflammation parameters (ferritin and CRP) between patients and controls, no significant correlation was found between their hepcidin and systemic inflammation parameters. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the hepcidin levels in IPF patients are elevated independently of anemia and systemic inflammation. We propose that hepcidin could be a potential biomarker to be investigated in IPF patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating fiber reinforcement plastics (FRP) materials into the industry plays a key role especially for pipes. However, due to the production methods of CFRP pipes, surface finishing processes are inevitable at the end of production. Despite the widespread use of CFRP materials, the predominant focus in the literature has been on their mechanical performance. This study aims to contribute to the limited research on the machinability of CFRP materials. In this context, the turning machining process for CFRP pipes was experimentally investigated in the present study. For this purpose, carbon fiber pipes with an inner diameter of 30 mm and an outer diameter of 60 mm were produced and subjected to computer numerical control (CNC) turning. First, a cylindrical aluminum pipe is used as a mold to manufacture CFRP pipes. Unidirectional (UD) carbon fabrics were wrapped on these aluminum molds. Shrink tape was used to enhance the surface smoothness and required pressure to prevent delaminating of the end product during the process. UD carbon fabrics are wrapped on to the mold at the selected angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) and the CFRP pipe specimens were manufactured using epoxy matrix. Pipes were processed on CNC lathe at 120, 160, 200 rev/min speeds and f 0.4 mm/rev feed rate. The surfaces of the machined specimens were measured with a microscope and a surface roughness device. On the other hand, wear on the tools was observed after the process. Highlights: CFRP pipes were produced with different fibre orientations, i.e., 0°, 45°, and 90°.All CFRP pipes are made under equal conditions and cured at 80°.Turning of CFRP pipes was examined under dry environments.Performance criteria: surface roughness, temperature, tool wear, and chip formation were explored.45° fibre angles CFRP pipes showed the best machinability performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective postoperative pain management is pivotal for recovery, with an increasing focus on non-opioid analgesics. This study evaluates the efficacy of gabapentin in reducing postoperative opioid usage and pain after spinal surgeries in adults. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective randomized placebo- controlled trials comparing preoperative gabapentin with placebo in adult spinal surgery patients. Primary outcomes included opioid consumption in the first 24 hours postoperatively, converted to oral morphine equivalents. Secondary outcomes assessed were Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores and side effects within the same period. Thirteen of 674 studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing 843 participants. Gabapentin significantly decreased opioid consumption (mean difference [MD]: -39.91, 95% CI: -66.40 to -13.41; p=0.0069) and reduced VAS pain scores at various postoperative intervals, despite high heterogeneity (I²=96.8%). Preoperative gabapentin reduces opioid consumption and early postoperative pain in spinal surgery patients. Further research is needed to ascertain the optimal dosing and potential impacts on postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel, which often portrays fictional characters and events, narrates human experiences through its vast and imaginative realms. It is influenced by society's political, social, economic, and cultural phenomena existing in society are recreated within the fictional universe. Yaşar Kemal, who aimed to depict society through his novels, assumed the role of a mirror to society through his Works. This article examines the textual manifestations of rebellion and resistance in Yşar Kemal's novels written between 1950 and 1960, namely Teneke, İnce Memed 1, Ortadirek. Rebellion is a result of the individual's oppositional stance towards elements. The individual confronts and opposes the status quo, rejecting and rebelling against it. Resisting the situation or phenomenon created by the status quo, especially when the individual perceives the loss of justice and rights, prompts action. The individual challenges the ultimate authority -- a local chief, headman, notable figure, or sometimes the individual themselves or nature. The reflection of the existing situation in the societal realm onto the fictional universe is inevitable. Rebellion finds its place in numerous literary Works. This study aims to examine Yaşar Kemal's a early novels written between 1950 and 1960, infused with themes of rebellion and resistance, and uncover the deconstruction of rebellion in the fictional universe as a sociological phenomenon through novels. The study also addresses the rebellion arising from the blow to the individual's self- perfection of 'self' and its reflection in the fictional World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The determination of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) play critical roles in chemical, environmental, and biological processes. In this study, non-enzymatic dual sensors for the simultaneous amperometric determination of NADH and H2O2 were prepared based on a dual screen-printed carbon electrode (DSPCE) modified with reduced graphene oxide (RGO), polyneutral red (PNR), and gold nanoparticles (AuNP). The DSPCE/RGO/PNR/AuNP electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. RGO/PNR/AuNP materials showed an electrocatalytic effect on the electrooxidation of NADH and the electroreduction of H2O2. Simultaneous amperometric determination of NADH and H2O2 was performed at + 0.15 V and − 0.45 V, respectively. The developed dual sensor allowed the simultaneous determination of both analytes in fast, high repeatability and sensitivity (2.28 µA mM−1 for NADH and 2.70 µA mM−1 for H2O2) and a low limit of detection (5.53 µA for NADH and 8.35 µA for H2O2). The application stability of the dual sensor was tested for 45 days. The simultaneous determination of NADH and H2O2 in blood serum was performed using the fabricated non-enzymatic dual sensor, and high recoveries were obtained. The developed disposable dual sensors can be used in point-of-care tests for simultaneous amperometric determination of NADH and H2O2. A disposable non-enzymatic dual sensor for simultaneous amperometric determination of NADH and H2O2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]