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We demonstrate a new technique for obtaining fission data for nuclei away from β stability. These types of data are pertinent to the astrophysical r process, crucial to a complete understanding of the origin of the heavy elements, and for developing a predictive model of fission. These data are also important considerations for terrestrial applications related to power generation and safeguarding. Experimentally, such data are scarce due to the difficulties in producing the actinide targets of interest. The solenoidal-spectrometer technique, commonly used to study nucleon-transfer reactions in inverse kinematics, has been applied to the case of transfer-induced fission as a means to deduce the fission-barrier height, among other variables. The fission-barrier height of U239 has been determined via the U238(d,pf) reaction in inverse kinematics, the results of which are consistent with existing neutron-induced fission data indicating the validity of the technique. We demonstrate a new technique for obtaining fission data for nuclei away from $\beta$-stability. These types of data are pertinent to the astrophysical \textit{r-}process, crucial to a complete understanding of the origin of the heavy elements, and for developing a predictive model of fission. These data are also important considerations for terrestrial applications related to power generation and safeguarding. Experimentally, such data are scarce due to the difficulties in producing the actinide targets of interest. The solenoidal-spectrometer technique, commonly used to study nucleon-transfer reactions in inverse kinematics, has been applied to the case of transfer-induced fission as a means to deduce the fission-barrier height, among other variables. The fission-barrier height of $^{239}$U has been determined via the $^{238}$U($d$,$pf$) reaction in inverse kinematics, the results of which are consistent with existing neutron-induced fission data indicating the validity of the technique.

International audience; Mean values of the number of protons and neutrons of the primary fission fragments at scission are determined for the asymmetric fission of 16 fissioning isotopes, from Ac219 up to Np238. Our results confirm that the main asymmetric fission mode around the heavier uranium isotopes is indeed characterized by an average atomic number around 〈ZH〉=54 in the heavy fission fragments. However, they also unambiguously show a stabilization effect in the light fission fragments around 〈NL〉=52–54 in the neutron-deficient thorium and actinium isotopes. This is a clear signature that these deformed proton and neutron shell closures around 54 play a major role in the nuclear fission process. The evolution along the thorium chain shows that the neutron shell appears to be dominant in the asymmetric fission of the lighter thorium isotopes, in contrast to the heavier thorium isotopes for which the stabilization originates from the proton shell.

Absolute cross sections for the addition of $s$- and $d$-wave neutrons to $^{14}$C and $^{14}$N have been determined simultaneously via the ($d$,$p$) reaction at 10 MeV/u. The difference between the neutron and proton separation energies, $\Delta S$, is around $-20$ MeV for the $^{14}$C$+$$n$ system and $+8$ MeV for $^{14}$N$+$$n$. The population of the $1s_{1/2}$ and $0d_{5/2}$ orbitals for both systems is reduced by a factor of approximately 0.5 compared to the independent single-particle model, or about 0.6 when compared to the shell model. This finding strongly contrasts with results deduced from intermediate-energy knockout reactions between similar nuclei on targets of $^{9}$Be and $^{12}$C. The simultaneous technique used removes many systematic uncertainties., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

A challenge preventing successful inverse kinematics measurements with heavy nuclei that are not fully stripped is identifying and tagging the beam particles. For this purpose, the HEavy ISotope Tagger (HEIST) has been developed. HEIST utilizes two micro-channel plate timing detectors to measure time of flight, a multi-sampling ion chamber to measure energy loss, and a high purity Ge detector to identify isomer decays and calibrate the isotope identification system. HEIST has successfully identified $^{198}$Pb and other nearby nuclei at energies of about 75 MeV/A. In the experiment discussed, a typical cut containing 89\% of all $^{198}$Pb$^{+80}$ in the beam had a purity of 86\%. We examine the issues of charge state contamination. The observed charge state populations of these ions are presented and are moderately well described by the charge state model GLOBAL., Comment: The following article has been submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments

An in-flight beam of $^{16}$N was produced via the single-neutron adding ($d$,$p$) reaction in inverse kinematics at the recently upgraded Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System (ATLAS) in-flight system. The amount of the $^{16}$N beam which resided in its excited 0.120-MeV $J^{\pi}=0^-$ isomeric state (T$_{1/2}\approx5$ $\mu$s) was determined to be 40(5)% at a reaction energy of 7.9(3) MeV/$u$, and 24(2)% at a reaction energy of 13.2(2) MeV/$u$. The isomer measurements took place at an experimental station $\approx30$ m downstream of the production target and utilized an Al beam-stopping foil and a HPGe Clover detector. Composite $^{16}$N beam rate determinations were made at the experimental station and the focal plane of the Argonne in-flight radioactive ion-beam separator (RAISOR) with Si $\Delta$E-E telescopes. A Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) approach was coupled with the known spectroscopic information on $^{16}$N in order to estimate the relative $^{16}$N isomer yields and composite $^{16}$N beam rates. In addition to the observed reaction-energy dependence of the isomer fraction, a large sensitivity to angular acceptance of the recoils was also observed., Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures

Charge-exchange $(d,{}^{2}\text{He})$ reactions in inverse kinematics at intermediate energies are a very promising method to investigate the Gamow-Teller transition strength in unstable nuclei. A simulation and analysis software based on the $\rm{\scriptsize ATTPCROOT}$ package was developed to study these type of reactions with the active-target time projection chamber (AT-TPC). The simulation routines provide a realistic detector response that can be used to understand and benchmark experimental data. Analysis tools and correction routines can be developed and tested from simulations in $\rm{\scriptsize ATTPCROOT}$, because they are processed in the same way as the real data. In particular, we study the feasibility of using coincidences with beam-like particles to unambiguously identify the $(d,{}^{2}\text{He})$ reaction channel, and to develop a kinematic fitting routine for future applications. More technically, the impact of space-charge effects in the track reconstruction, and a possible correction method are investigated in detail. This analysis and simulation package constitutes an essential part of the software development for the fast-beams program with the AT-TPC.

Low energy fission of 234,235,236,238U and 237,238Np radioactive beams, provided by the GSI/FRS facility, has been studied using the R3B/SOFIA setup. The latter allows, on an event-by-event basis, to simultaneously identify, in terms of their mass and atomic numbers, the fissioning nucleus in coincidence with both fission fragments after prompt-neutron emission. This presentation reports on new results on elemental, isobaric and isotopic yields.

The fragment separator FRS has been for the first time used to measure the (n,p) and (p,n)-type isobaric charge-exchange cross sections of stable 112,124Sn isotopes accelerated at 1A GeV with an uncertainty of 3% and to separate quasi-elastic and inelastic components in the missing-energy spectra of the ejectiles. The inelastic contribution can be associated to the excitation of isobar {\Delta}(1232) resonances and to the pion emission in s-wave, both in the target and projectile nuclei, while the quasi-elastic contribution is associated to the nuclear spin-isospin response of nucleon-hole excitations. The data lead to interesting results where we observe a clear quenching of the quasi-elastic component and their comparisons to theoretical calculations demonstrate that the baryonic resonances can be excited in the target and projectile nuclei. To go further in this investigation, we propose to study the excitation of baryonic resonances taking advantage of the combination of high-resolving power magnetic spectrometers with the WASA calorimeter. These new measurements will allow us to determine the momenta of the ejectiles and pions emitted in coincidence after the single isobaric charge-exchange collisions, providing us unique opportunities to study the evolution of the baryonic resonance dynamics with the neutron-proton asymmetry through the use of exotic radioactive ion beams., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.06404

Low-energy fission of and radioactive beams, provided by the Fragment Separator (FRS) of the GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung facility (GSI), has been studied using the Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams / Studies on Fission with Aladin (R3B/SOFIA) setup. The latter allows us, on an event-by-event basis, to simultaneously identify, in terms of their mass and atomic numbers, the fissioning nucleus in coincidence with both fission fragments after prompt-neutron emission. This article reports new results on elemental, isotonic, isobaric, and isotopic yields. Moreover, the high accuracy of our data allowed us to study in detail proton even-odd staggering, from elemental yields; neutron excess, from isotopic yields; and total prompt-neutron multiplicity, from the difference of masses of the fissioning nucleus and fission fragments. These results are then compared to previous experimental data in order to probe how these fission observables change as function of the excitation energy and atomic and neutron numbers of the compound nucleus.

15O(α,γ)19Ne is regarded as one of the most important thermonuclear reactions in type I X-ray bursts. For studying the properties of the key resonance in this reaction using β decay, the existing Proton Detector component of the Gaseous Detector with Germanium Tagging (GADGET) assembly is being upgraded to operate as a time projection chamber (TPC) at FRIB. This upgrade includes the associated hardware as well as software and this paper mainly focusses on the software upgrade. The full detector set up is simulated using the ATTPCROOTv 2 data analysis framework for 20Mg and 241Am.

Sensitivity studies have shown that the 15O(α, γ)19Ne reaction is the most important reaction rate uncertainty affecting the shape of light curves from Type I X-ray bursts. This reaction is dominated by the 4.03 MeV resonance in 19Ne. Previous measurements by our group have shown that this state is populated in the decay sequence of 20Mg. A single 20Mg(βp α)15O event through the key 15O(α, γ)19Ne resonance yields a characteristic signature: the emission of a proton and alpha particle. To achieve the granularity necessary for the identification of this signature, we have upgraded the Proton Detector of the Gaseous Detector with Germanium Tagging (GADGET) into a time projection chamber to form the GADGET II detection system. GADGET II has been fully constructed, and is entering the testing phase.

The discrepancy between observations from γ-ray astronomy of the ^{60}Fe/^{26}Al γ-ray flux ratio and recent calculations is an unresolved puzzle in nuclear astrophysics. The stellar β-decay rate of ^{59}Fe is one of the major nuclear uncertainties impeding us from a precise prediction. The important Gamow-Teller strengths from the low-lying states in ^{59}Fe to the ^{59}Co ground state are measured for the first time using the exclusive measurement of the ^{59}Co(t,^{3}He+γ)^{59}Fe charge-exchange reaction. The new stellar decay rate of ^{59}Fe is a factor of 3.5±1.1 larger than the currently adopted rate at T=1.2 GK. Stellar evolution calculations show that the ^{60}Fe production yield of an 18 solar mass star is decreased significantly by 40% when using the new rate. Our result eliminates one of the major nuclear uncertainties in the predicted yield of ^{60}Fe and alleviates the existing discrepancy of the ^{60}Fe/^{26}Al ratio.

A resonant state at 3.21-0.04+0.12MeV, located just above the one-neutron separation threshold, was observed for the first time in Be12 from the Be11(d,p)Be12 one-neutron transfer reaction in inverse kinematics. This state is assigned a spin-parity of 0- according to the systematics of the level scheme of the N=8 isotones and decay-width analysis. Gamow coupled-channel and Gamow shell-model calculations show the importance of the continuum coupling, which dramatically influences the excitation energy and ordering of low-lying states. Various exotic structures associated with cross-shell intruding configurations in Be12 and in its isotonic nucleus Li11 are comparably discussed.

The discrepancy between observations from γ-ray astronomy of the ^{60}Fe/^{26}Al γ-ray flux ratio and recent calculations is an unresolved puzzle in nuclear astrophysics. The stellar β-decay rate of ^{59}Fe is one of the major nuclear uncertainties impeding us from a precise prediction. The important Gamow-Teller strengths from the low-lying states in ^{59}Fe to the ^{59}Co ground state are measured for the first time using the exclusive measurement of the ^{59}Co(t,^{3}He+γ)^{59}Fe charge-exchange reaction. The new stellar decay rate of ^{59}Fe is a factor of 3.5±1.1 larger than the currently adopted rate at T=1.2 GK. Stellar evolution calculations show that the ^{60}Fe production yield of an 18 solar mass star is decreased significantly by 40% when using the new rate. Our result eliminates one of the major nuclear uncertainties in the predicted yield of ^{60}Fe and alleviates the existing discrepancy of the ^{60}Fe/^{26}Al ratio.

The three-dimensional reconstruction of particle tracks in a time projection chamber is a challenging task that requires advanced classification and fitting algorithms. In this work, we have developed and implemented a novel algorithm based on the Random Sample Consensus Model (RANSAC). The RANSAC is used to classify tracks including pile-up, to remove uncorrelated noise hits, as well as to reconstruct the vertex of the reaction. The algorithm, developed within the Active Target Time Projection Chamber (AT-TPC) framework, was tested and validated by analyzing the 4 He+ 4 He reaction. Results, performance and quality of the proposed algorithm are presented and discussed in detail.

Journal of physics / Conference series 1667, 012036 (2020). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1667/1/012036, Published by IOP Publ., Bristol

The elusive $\beta^-\text{p}^+$ decay was observed in $^{11}$Be by directly measuring the emitted protons and their energy distribution for the first time with the prototype Active Target Time Projection Chamber (pAT-TPC) in an experiment performed at ISAC-TRIUMF. The measured $\beta^-\text{p}^+$ branching ratio is orders of magnitude larger than any previous theoretical model predicted. This can be explained by the presence of a narrow resonance in $^{11}$B above the proton separation energy.

The neutron-rich isotopes 211;213Tl, beyond the N = 126 shell-closure, have been studied for the first time in isomer γ-ray decay, exploiting the fragmentation of a primary uranium beam at the FRS-RISING (FRagment Separator-Rare ISotopes INvestigation at GSI) setup at GSI. The observed isomeric states in 211;213Tl show a deviation from the seniority-like scheme of 209Tl. The possible interpretation of the data is discussed on the basis of energy-level systematics and shell-model calculations.

This article aims at covering various low energy nuclear physics themes that can benefit from taking advantage of active targets and time projection chambers. They are naturally oriented towards the study of short-lived radioactive nuclei, for which high efficiency and thick targets are necessary to boost the luminosity of the experiments due to the weak intensity of the available beams. The use of active targets is particularly crucial when the recoil energy of the kinematically important particle is small and looses too much energy or does not emerge from a solid target.

A new active target named MAIKo (Mu-PIC based Active target for Inverse Kinematics$_{\circ}$) has been developed at Kyoto University and Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University. MAIKo is suited for missing-mass spectroscopy of unstable nuclei at forward scattering angles in inverse kinematics. MAIKo consists of a time projection chamber (TPC), which incorporates a micro-pixel chamber ($\mu$-PIC) as the electron multiplication and collection system. In MAIKo, the medium gas also plays the role of a reaction target, thus allowing detection of low-energy recoil particles with high position resolution. The MAIKo TPC was commissioned with He(93%)+iso-C$_{4}$H$_{10}$(7%) and He(93%)+CO$_{2}$(7%) mixture gasses at 430 hPa. The gas gain and the angular resolution of MAIKo were evaluated with an alpha source and a $^{4}$He beam at 56 MeV. The TPC was stably operated up to 1000-kcps beam intensity. A tracking algorithm using the Hough transform method has been developed to analyze scattering events. An angular resolution of 1.3$^{\circ}$ was achieved for scattered $^{4}$He particles., Comment: 13 pages, 17 figures

The automatic reconstruction of three-dimensional particle tracks from Active Target Time Projection Chambers data can be a challenging task, especially in the presence of noise. In this article, we propose a non-parametric algorithm that is based on the idea of clustering point triplets instead of the original points. We define an appropriate distance measure on point triplets and then apply a single-link hierarchical clustering on the triplets. Compared to parametric approaches like RANSAC or the Hough transform, the new algorithm has the advantage of potentially finding trajectories even of shapes that are not known beforehand. This feature is particularly important in low-energy nuclear physics experiments with Active Targets operating inside a magnetic field. The algorithm has been validated using data from experiments performed with the Active Target Time Projection Chamber developed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL).The results demonstrate the capability of the algorithm to identify and isolate particle tracks that describe non-analytical trajectories. For curved tracks, the vertex detection recall was 86\% and the precision 94\%. For straight tracks, the vertex detection recall was 96\% and the precision 98\%. In the case of a test set containing only straight linear tracks, the algorithm performed better than an iterative Hough transform., 12 pages; fixed up references

SOFIA (Studies On Fission with Aladin) is a novel experimental program, dedicated to accurate measurements of fission-fragment isotopic yields. The setup allows us to fully identify, in nuclear charge and mass, both fission fragments in coincidence for the whole fission-fragment range. It was installed at the GSI facility (Darmstadt), to benefit from the relativistic heavy-ion beams available there, and thus to use inverse kinematics. This paper reports on fission yields obtained in electromagnetically induced fission of U238.

The Active Target Time Projection Chamber (AT-TPC) project at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) is a novel Active Target designed to study nuclear reactions induced by low-intensity exotic beams. The AT-TPC acts as a tracking medium and target at the same time, providing excellent angular (1 ° ) and energy resolution (3% FWHM) and high luminosity . The AT-TPC offers a broad range of applications within the low-energy nuclear physics domain. Resonant scattering and transfer reactions are typically performed with Active Targets using beams with energies spanning from 1 to 10 A MeV and with intensities as low as 100 pps. The AT-TPC is also a promising tool for experiments where the observables of interest require higher beam energies (above 100 A MeV ). In particular, inelastic scattering reactions on light targets, where the recoil particle has a very low kinetic energy (less than 1 MeV), can be performed with such a device. In this work, we discuss aspects of the AT-TPC experimental program, focusing on experiments that leverage the outstanding capabilities this detector offers. In addition, we introduce a conceptual design for a new Time Projection Chamber detector for specific measurements of reactions using special gases as targets.

We report on the second SOFIA experiment, dedicated to the fission yields of 236U*, analog to 235U(n,f). The measurement is based on the inverse kinematics method, using a relativistic, secondary beam of 236U. Both fission fragments are identified in mass and charge in the SOFIA recoil spectrometer. The obtained isotopic yields are compared with existing spectroscopy measurements and the elemental yields are used to discuss the treatment of the even-odd effect with energy in nuclear data libraries.

The operating principle and performances of the Multi-layer Thick Gaseous Electron Multiplier (M-THGEM) are presented. The M-THGEM is a novel hole-type gaseous electron multiplier produced by multi-layer printed circuit board technology; it consists of a densely perforated assembly of multiple insulating substrate sheets (e.g., FR-4), sandwiched between thin metallic-electrode layers. The electron avalanche processes occur along the successive multiplication stages within the M-THGEM holes, under the action of strong dipole fields resulting from the application of suitable potential differences between the electrodes. The present work focuses on the investigation of two different geometries: a two-layer M-THGEM (either as single or double-cascade detector) and a single three-layer M-THGEM element, tested in various low-pressure He-based gas mixtures. The intrinsically robust confinement of the avalanche volume within the M-THGEM holes provides an efficient reduction of the photon-induced secondary effects, resulting in a high-gain operation over a broad pressure range, even in pure elemental gas. The operational principle, main properties (maximum achievable gain, long-term stability, energy resolution, etc.) under different irradiation conditions, as well as capabilities and potential applications are presented and discussed.

Reactions in inverse kinematics close to the Coulomb barrier offer unique opportunities to study exotic nuclei, but they are plagued by the difficulty to efficiently and precisely measure the characteristics of the emerging particles. The Active Target Time Projection Chamber (AT-TPC) offers an elegant solution to this dilemma. In this device, the detector gas of the time projection chamber is at the same time the target in which nuclear reactions take place. The use of this new paradigm offers several advantages over conventional inert target methods, the most significant being the ability to increase the luminosity of experiments without loss of resolution. The AT-TPC and some results obtained on resonant α scattering to explore the clustering properties of neutron-rich nuclei are presented, as well as fusion cross section results using a 10 Be radioactive beam. In addition, the first re-accelerated radioactive beam experiment using the fully commissioned ReA3 linac was conducted recently at the NSCL with the AT-TPC, where proton resonant scattering of a 4.6 MeV/u 46 Ar beam was used to measure the neutron single-particle strength in 47 Ar.

The elastic scattering and breakup reactions of the halo nucleus $^{11}\mathrm{Be}$ on deuterons at an incident energy of $26.9A$ MeV are reported for the first time. Special attention has been paid to the determination and subtraction of the proton contaminations in the deuterated polyethylene ${({\mathrm{CD}}_{2})}_{n}$ target (where ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ denotes $^{2}\mathrm{H}_{2}$). The cross sections for elastic scattering are analyzed with the systematic optical potentials of Daehnick et al. and DA1p, as well as with single-folding potentials, derived from the Jeukenne-Lejeune-Mahaux effective nucleon-nucleon interaction. An extended version of the continuum-discretized coupled-channels (XCDCC) formalism, including dynamic core excitation (DCX) effects, is applied to analyze the elastic scattering and breakup data. Comparisons of the full XCDCC calculation with that omitting DCX effects indicate that the core excitation plays a remarkable role in reproducing breakup reactions of $^{11}\mathrm{Be}+d$.

We have measured for the first time the charge-changing cross sections $({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\text{CC}})$ of $^{12\text{--}16}\mathrm{C}$ on a $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ target at energies below $100A$ MeV. To analyze these low-energy data, we have developed a finite-range Glauber model with a global parameter set within the optical-limit approximation which is applicable to reaction cross section $({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\text{R}})$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\text{CC}}$ measurements at incident energies from $10A$ to $2100A$ MeV. Adopting the proton-density distribution of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ known from the electron-scattering data, as well as the bare total nucleon-nucleon cross sections and the real-to-imaginary-part ratios of the forward proton-proton elastic scattering amplitude available in the literatures, we determine the energy-dependent slope parameter ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{pn}$ of the proton-neutron elastic differential cross section so as to reproduce the existing ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\text{R}}$ and interaction cross-section data for $^{12}\mathrm{C}+\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ over a wide range of incident energies. The Glauber model thus formulated is applied to calculate the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\text{R}}$'s of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ on a $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$ and $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ targets at various incident energies. Our calculations show excellent agreement with the experimental data. Applying our model to the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\text{R}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\text{CC}}$ for the so-called neutron-skin $^{16}\mathrm{C}$ nucleus, we reconfirm the importance of measurements at incident energies below $100A$ MeV. The proton root-mean-square radii of $^{12\text{--}16}\mathrm{C}$ are extracted using the measured ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\text{CC}}$'s and the existing ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\text{R}}$ data. The results for $^{12\text{--}14}\mathrm{C}$ are consistent with the values from the electron scatterings, demonstrating the feasibility, usefulness of the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\text{CC}}$ measurement, and the present Glauber model.

Light charged particles emitted in proton-induced fission reactions on Pb-208 have been measured at different kinetic energies: 370A, 500A, and 650A MeV. The experiment was performed by the SOFIA Collaboration at the GSI facilities in Darmstadt (Germany). The inverse kinematics technique was combined with a setup especially designed to measure light charged particles in coincidence with fission fragments. This measurement allowed us, for the first time, to obtain correlations between the light charged particles emitted during the fission process and the charge distributions of the fission fragments. These correlations were compared with different model calculations to assess the ground-to-saddle dynamics. The results confirm that transient and dissipative effects are required for an accurate description of the fission observables.

Charge-changing cross sections at high energies are expected to provide useful information on nuclear charge radii. No reliable theory to calculate the cross section has yet been available. We develop a formula using Glauber and eikonal approximations and test its validity with recent new data on carbon isotopes measured at around $900A$ MeV. We first confirm that our theory reproduces the cross sections of $^{12,13,14}\mathrm{C}+^{12}\mathrm{C}$ consistently with the known charge radii. Next we show that the cross sections of $^{12\ensuremath{-}19}\mathrm{C}$ on a proton target are all well reproduced provided the role of neutrons is accounted for. We also discuss the energy dependence of the charge-changing cross sections.

Excitation spectra of ^{11}C are measured in the ^{12}C(p,d) reaction near the η^{'} emission threshold. A proton beam extracted from the synchrotron SIS-18 at GSI with an incident energy of 2.5 GeV impinges on a carbon target. The momenta of deuterons emitted at 0° are precisely measured with the fragment separator (FRS) operated as a spectrometer. In contrast to theoretical predictions on the possible existence of deeply bound η^{'}-mesic states in carbon nuclei, no distinct structures are observed associated with the formation of bound states. The spectra are analyzed to set stringent constraints on the formation cross section and on the hitherto barely known η^{'}-nucleus interaction.

This paper examines aspects of political ideology as realised through translation in the context of a case study, the translations of the Roadmap Plan. The Roadmap is one of several peace plans or initiatives that have been launched in the last decades to resolve the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Originally drafted in English in 2003 by the Quartet, the plan was subsequently translated into Arabic and Hebrew by different institutions and news media. This paper begins by examining the textual profiles of the different Arabic and Hebrew versions, focusing on their functions and principles of audience design. This study then moves on to establish how ideological factors inform translational choices as well as the interpretation of translated texts by readers. The main body of the analysis, informed by concepts and methods of descriptive translation studies and critical discourse analysis, focuses on the translator’s mediation of proper names (including protagonists of the conflict and toponyms); instances of deliberately ambiguous or vague drafting; and politically sensitive terms (e.g. ‘normalisation’ or ‘curfew’). The concluding section accounts for the findings of the analysis in terms of the social, political, and ideological constraints shaping the different language versions of the document under scrutiny.

A new 11 Be(p,d) transfer reaction experiment is performed in inverse kinematics with a radioactive 11 Be beam at 26.9A MeV. Three low-lying states, namely the 0 + ground state, the 2 + state at Ex = 3.37 MeV, and the multiplet at around 6 MeV in 10 Be, are populated by this one-neutron transfer reaction. These three states in 10 Be are clearly discriminated from the Q-value spectrum, which is rebuilt from energies and angles of the recoil deuterons in coincidence with 10 Be. A spectroscopic factor for each state is extracted by comparing the experimental differential cross sections to the theoretical calculation results using the finite range adiabatic distorted wave approximation method with different global nucleon-nucleus potentials. It is found that the newly extracted spectroscopic factors for the 0 + and 2 + states are consistent with the previous ones, but the factor for the multiplet is smaller than the value in the reference, and the possible reason is discussed.