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1. The SPARC water vapour assessment II: biases and drifts of water vapour satellite data records with respect to frost point hygrometer records

Author

M. Kiefer, D. F. Hurst, G. P. Stiller, S. Lossow, H. Vömel, J. Anderson, F. Azam, J.-L. Bertaux, L. Blanot, K. Bramstedt, J. P. Burrows, R. Damadeo, B. M. Dinelli, P. Eriksson, M. García-Comas, J. C. Gille, M. Hervig, Y. Kasai, F. Khosrawi, D. Murtagh, G. E. Nedoluha, S. Noël, P. Raspollini, W. G. Read, K. H. Rosenlof, A. Rozanov, C. E. Sioris, T. Sugita, T. von Clarmann, K. A. Walker, and K. Weigel

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Satellite data records of stratospheric water vapour have been compared to balloon-borne frost point hygrometer (FP) profiles that are coincident in space and time. The satellite data records of 15 different instruments cover water vapour data available from January 2000 through December 2016. The hygrometer data are from 27 stations all over the world in the same period. For the comparison, real or constructed averaging kernels have been applied to the hygrometer profiles to adjust them to the measurement characteristics of the satellite instruments. For bias evaluation, we have compared satellite profiles averaged over the available temporal coverage to the means of coincident FP profiles for individual stations. For drift determinations, we analysed time series of relative differences between spatiotemporally coincident satellite and hygrometer profiles at individual stations. In a synopsis we have also calculated the mean biases and drifts (and their respective uncertainties) for each satellite record over all applicable hygrometer stations in three altitude ranges (10–30 hPa, 30–100 hPa, and 100 hPa to tropopause). Most of the satellite data have biases % and average drifts % yr−1 in at least one of the respective altitude ranges. Virtually all biases are significant in the sense that their uncertainty range in terms of twice the standard error of the mean does not include zero. Statistically significant drifts (95 % confidence) are detected for 35 % of the ≈ 1200 time series of relative differences between satellites and hygrometers.

Published
2023
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2. The SPARC Water Vapor Assessment II: assessment of satellite measurements of upper tropospheric humidity

Author

W. G. Read, G. Stiller, S. Lossow, M. Kiefer, F. Khosrawi, D. Hurst, H. Vömel, K. Rosenlof, B. M. Dinelli, P. Raspollini, G. E. Nedoluha, J. C. Gille, Y. Kasai, P. Eriksson, C. E. Sioris, K. A. Walker, K. Weigel, J. P. Burrows, and A. Rozanov

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Nineteen limb-viewing data sets (occultation, passive thermal, and UV scattering) and two nadir upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) data sets are intercompared and also compared to frost-point hygrometer balloon sondes. The upper troposphere considered here covers the pressure range from 300–100 hPa. UTH is a challenging measurement, because concentrations vary between 2–1000 ppmv (parts per million by volume), with sharp changes in vertical gradients near the tropopause. Cloudiness in this region also makes the measurement challenging. The atmospheric temperature is also highly variable ranging from 180–250 K. The assessment of satellite-measured UTH is based on coincident comparisons with balloon frost-point hygrometer sondes, multi-month mapped comparisons, zonal mean time series comparisons, and coincident satellite-to-satellite comparisons. While the satellite fields show similar features in maps and time series, quantitatively they can differ by a factor of 2 in concentration, with strong dependencies on the amount of UTH. Additionally, time-lag response-corrected Vaisala RS92 radiosondes are compared to satellites and the frost-point hygrometer measurements. In summary, most satellite data sets reviewed here show on average ∼30 % agreement amongst themselves and frost-point data but with an additional ∼30 % variability about the mean bias. The Vaisala RS92 sonde, even with a time-lag correction, shows poor behavior for pressures less than 200 hPa.

Published
2022
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3. Integration of GOCI and AHI Yonsei aerosol optical depth products during the 2016 KORUS-AQ and 2018 EMeRGe campaigns

Author

H. Lim, S. Go, J. Kim, M. Choi, S. Lee, C.-K. Song, and Y. Kasai

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

The Yonsei Aerosol Retrieval (YAER) algorithm for the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) retrieves aerosol optical properties only over dark surfaces, so it is important to mask pixels with bright surfaces. The Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) is equipped with three shortwave-infrared and nine infrared channels, which is advantageous for bright-pixel masking. In addition, multiple visible and near-infrared channels provide a great advantage in aerosol property retrieval from the AHI and GOCI. By applying the YAER algorithm to 10 min AHI or 1 h GOCI data at 6 km×6 km resolution, diurnal variations and aerosol transport can be observed, which has not previously been possible from low-Earth-orbit satellites. This study attempted to estimate the optimal aerosol optical depth (AOD) for East Asia by data fusion, taking into account satellite retrieval uncertainty. The data fusion involved two steps: (1) analysis of error characteristics of each retrieved result with respect to the ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), as well as bias correction based on normalized difference vegetation indexes, and (2) compilation of the fused product using ensemble-mean and maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) methods. Fused results show a better statistics in terms of fraction within the expected error, correlation coefficient, root-mean-square error (RMSE), and median bias error than the retrieved result for each product. If the RMSE and mean AOD bias values used for MLE fusion are correct, the MLE fused products show better accuracy, but the ensemble-mean products can still be useful as MLE.

Published
2021
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4. Overview and update of the SPARC Data Initiative: comparison of stratospheric composition measurements from satellite limb sounders

Author

M. I. Hegglin, S. Tegtmeier, J. Anderson, A. E. Bourassa, S. Brohede, D. Degenstein, L. Froidevaux, B. Funke, J. Gille, Y. Kasai, E. T. Kyrölä, J. Lumpe, D. Murtagh, J. L. Neu, K. Pérot, E. E. Remsberg, A. Rozanov, M. Toohey, J. Urban, T. von Clarmann, K. A. Walker, H.-J. Wang, C. Arosio, R. Damadeo, R. A. Fuller, G. Lingenfelser, C. McLinden, D. Pendlebury, C. Roth, N. J. Ryan, C. Sioris, L. Smith, and K. Weigel

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The Stratosphere-troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) Data Initiative (SPARC, 2017) performed the first comprehensive assessment of currently available stratospheric composition measurements obtained from an international suite of space-based limb sounders. The initiative's main objectives were (1) to assess the state of data availability, (2) to compile time series of vertically resolved, zonal monthly mean trace gas and aerosol fields, and (3) to perform a detailed intercomparison of these time series, summarizing useful information and highlighting differences among datasets. The datasets extend over the region from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere (300–0.1 hPa) and are provided on a common latitude–pressure grid. They cover 26 different atmospheric constituents including the stratospheric trace gases of primary interest, ozone (O3) and water vapor (H2O), major long-lived trace gases (SF6, N2O, HF, CCl3F, CCl2F2, NOy), trace gases with intermediate lifetimes (HCl, CH4, CO, HNO3), and shorter-lived trace gases important to stratospheric chemistry including nitrogen-containing species (NO, NO2, NOx, N2O5, HNO4), halogens (BrO, ClO, ClONO2, HOCl), and other minor species (OH, HO2, CH2O, CH3CN), and aerosol. This overview of the SPARC Data Initiative introduces the updated versions of the SPARC Data Initiative time series for the extended time period 1979–2018 and provides information on the satellite instruments included in the assessment: LIMS, SAGE I/II/III, HALOE, UARS-MLS, POAM II/III, OSIRIS, SMR, MIPAS, GOMOS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS, ACE-MAESTRO, Aura-MLS, HIRDLS, SMILES, and OMPS-LP. It describes the Data Initiative's top-down climatological validation approach to compare stratospheric composition measurements based on zonal monthly mean fields, which provides upper bounds to relative inter-instrument biases and an assessment of how well the instruments are able to capture geophysical features of the stratosphere. An update to previously published evaluations of O3 and H2O monthly mean time series is provided. In addition, example trace gas evaluations of methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), a set of nitrogen species (NO, NO2, and HNO3), the reactive nitrogen family (NOy), and hydroperoxyl (HO2) are presented. The results highlight the quality, strengths and weaknesses, and representativeness of the different datasets. As a summary, the current state of our knowledge of stratospheric composition and variability is provided based on the overall consistency between the datasets. As such, the SPARC Data Initiative datasets and evaluations can serve as an atlas or reference of stratospheric composition and variability during the “golden age” of atmospheric limb sounding. The updated SPARC Data Initiative zonal monthly mean time series for each instrument are publicly available and accessible via the Zenodo data archive (Hegglin et al., 2020).

Published
2021
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5. Model simulations of chemical effects of sprites in relation with observed HO2 enhancements over sprite-producing thunderstorms

Author

H. Winkler, T. Yamada, Y. Kasai, U. Berger, and J. Notholt

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Recently, measurements by the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb Emission Sounder (SMILES) satellite instrument have been presented which indicate an increase in mesospheric HO2 above sprite-producing thunderstorms. The aim of this paper is to compare these observations to model simulations of chemical sprite effects. A plasma chemistry model in combination with a vertical transport module was used to simulate the impact of a streamer discharge in the altitude range 70–80 km, corresponding to one of the observed sprite events. Additionally, a horizontal transport and dispersion model was used to simulate advection and expansion of the sprite air masses. The model simulations predict a production of hydrogen radicals mainly due to reactions of proton hydrates formed after the electrical discharge. The net effect is a conversion of water molecules into H+OH. This leads to increasing HO2 concentrations a few hours after the electric breakdown. Due to the modelled long-lasting increase in HO2 after a sprite discharge, an accumulation of HO2 produced by several sprites appears possible. However, the number of sprites needed to explain the observed HO2 enhancements is unrealistically large. At least for the lower measurement tangent heights, the production mechanism of HO2 predicted by the model might contribute to the observed enhancements.

Published
2021
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6. Validation of SMILES HCl profiles over a wide range from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere

Author

S. Nara, T. O. Sato, T. Yamada, T. Fujinawa, K. Kuribayashi, T. Manabe, L. Froidevaux, N. J. Livesey, K. A. Walker, J. Xu, F. Schreier, Y. J. Orsolini, V. Limpasuvan, N. Kuno, and Y. Kasai

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is the most abundant (more than 95 %) among inorganic chlorine compounds Cly in the upper stratosphere. The HCl molecule is observed to obtain long-term quantitative estimations of the total budget of the stratospheric chlorine compounds. In this study, we provided HCl vertical profiles at altitudes of 16–100 km using the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) from space. The HCl vertical profile from the upper troposphere to the lower thermosphere is reported for the first time from SMILES observations; the data quality is quantified by comparison with other measurements and via theoretical error analysis. We used the SMILES level-2 research product version 3.0.0. The period of the SMILES HCl observation was from 12 October 2009 to 21 April 2010, and the latitude coverage was 40∘ S–65∘ N. The average HCl vertical profile showed an increase with altitude up to the stratopause (∼ 45 km), approximately constant values between the stratopause and the upper mesosphere (∼ 80 km), and a decrease from the mesopause to the lower thermosphere (∼ 100 km). This behavior was observed in all latitude regions and reproduced by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model in the specified dynamics configuration (SD-WACCM). We compared the SMILES HCl vertical profiles in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere with HCl profiles from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite, as well as from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on SCISAT and the TErahertz and submillimeter LImb Sounder (TELIS) (balloon borne). The TELIS observations were performed using the superconductive limb emission technique, as used by SMILES. The globally averaged vertical HCl profiles of SMILES agreed well with those of MLS and ACE-FTS within 0.25 and 0.2 ppbv between 20 and 40 km (within 10 % between 30 and 40 km; there is a larger discrepancy below 30 km), respectively. The SMILES HCl concentration was smaller than those of MLS and ACE-FTS as the altitude increased from 40 km, and the difference was approximately 0.4–0.5 ppbv (12 %–15 %) at 50–60 km. The difference between SMILES and TELIS HCl observations was about 0.3 ppbv in the polar winter region between 20 and 34 km, except near 26 km. SMILES HCl error sources that may cause discrepancies with the other observations are investigated by a theoretical error analysis. We calculated errors caused by the uncertainties of spectroscopic parameters, instrument functions, and atmospheric temperature profiles. The Jacobian for the temperature explains the negative bias of the SMILES HCl concentrations at 50–60 km.

Published
2020
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7. Detection and attribution of wildfire pollution in the Arctic and northern midlatitudes using a network of Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers and GEOS-Chem

Author

E. Lutsch, K. Strong, D. B. A. Jones, T. Blumenstock, S. Conway, J. A. Fisher, J. W. Hannigan, F. Hase, Y. Kasai, E. Mahieu, M. Makarova, I. Morino, T. Nagahama, J. Notholt, I. Ortega, M. Palm, A. V. Poberovskii, R. Sussmann, and T. Warneke

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We present a multiyear time series of column abundances of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ethane (C2H6) measured using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers at 10 sites affiliated with the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Six are high-latitude sites: Eureka, Ny-Ålesund, Thule, Kiruna, Poker Flat, and St. Petersburg, and four are midlatitude sites: Zugspitze, Jungfraujoch, Toronto, and Rikubetsu. For each site, the interannual trends and seasonal variabilities of the CO time series are accounted for, allowing background column amounts to be determined. Enhancements above the seasonal background were used to identify possible wildfire pollution events. Since the abundance of each trace gas emitted in a wildfire event is specific to the type of vegetation burned and the burning phase, correlations of CO to the long-lived wildfire tracers HCN and C2H6 allow for further confirmation of the detection of wildfire pollution. A GEOS-Chem tagged CO simulation with Global Fire Assimilation System (GFASv1.2) biomass burning emissions was used to determine the source attribution of CO concentrations at each site from 2003 to 2018. For each detected wildfire pollution event, FLEXPART back-trajectory simulations were performed to determine the transport times of the smoke plume. Accounting for the loss of each species during transport, the enhancement ratios of HCN and C2H6 with respect to CO were converted to emission ratios. We report mean emission ratios with respect to CO for HCN and C2H6 of 0.0047 and 0.0092, respectively, with a standard deviation of 0.0014 and 0.0046, respectively, determined from 23 boreal North American wildfire events. Similarly, we report mean emission ratios for HCN and C2H6 of 0.0049 and 0.0100, respectively, with a standard deviation of 0.0025 and 0.0042, respectively, determined from 39 boreal Asian wildfire events. The agreement of our emission ratios with literature values illustrates the capability of ground-based FTIR measurements to quantify biomass burning emissions. We provide a comprehensive dataset that quantifies HCN and C2H6 emission ratios from 62 wildfire pollution events. Our dataset provides novel emission ratio estimates, which are sparsely available in the published literature, particularly for boreal Asian sources.

Published
2020
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8. Novel index to comprehensively evaluate air cleanliness: the Clean aIr Index (CII)

Author

T. O. Sato, T. Kuroda, and Y. Kasai

Subjects
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Science
Abstract

Air quality on our planet has been changing in particular since the industrial revolution (1750s) because of anthropogenic emissions. It is becoming increasingly important to realize air cleanliness, since clean air is as valuable a resource as clean water. A global standard for quantifying the level of air cleanliness is swiftly required, and we defined a novel concept, namely the Clean aIr Index (CII). The CII is a simple index defined by the normalization of the amount of a set of individual air pollutants. A CII value of 1 indicates completely clean air (no air pollutants), and 0 indicates the presence of air pollutants that meet the numerical environmental criteria for the normalization. In this time, the air pollutants used in the CII were taken from the Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) set by the World Health Organization (WHO), namely O3, particulate matters, NO2, and SO2. We chose Japan as a study area to evaluate CII because of the following reasons: (i) accurate validation data, as the in situ observation sites of the Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System (AEROS) provide highly accurate values of air pollutant amounts, and (ii) fixed numerical criteria from the Japanese Environmental Quality Standards (JEQS) as directed by the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of Japan. We quantified air cleanliness in terms of the CII for the all 1896 municipalities in Japan and used data from Seoul and Beijing to evaluate Japanese air cleanliness. The amount of each air pollutant was calculated using a model that combined the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models for 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2017. The CII values calculated by the WRF–CMAQ model and the AEROS measurements showed good agreement. The mean of the correlation coefficient for the CII values of 498 municipalities where the AEROS measurements operated was 0.66±0.05, which was higher than that of the Air Quality Index (AQI) of 0.57±0.06. The CII values averaged for the study period were 0.67, 0.52, and 0.24 in Tokyo, Seoul, and Beijing, respectively; thus, the air in Tokyo was 1.5 and 2.3 times cleaner, i.e., lower amounts of air pollutants, than the air in Seoul and Beijing, respectively. The average CII value for the all Japanese municipalities was 0.72 over the study period. The extremely clean air, CII ≈0.90, occurred in the southern remote islands of Tokyo and to the west of the Pacific coast, i.e., Kochi, Mie, and Wakayama prefectures during summer, with the transport of clean air from the ocean. We presented the top 100 clean air cities in Japan as one example of an application of CII in society. We confirmed that the CII enabled the quantitative evaluation of air cleanliness. The CII can be useful and valuable in various scenarios such as encouraging sightseeing and migration, investment and insurance business, and city planning. The CII is a simple and fair index that can be applied to all nations.

Published
2020
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9. Overview: Estimating and reporting uncertainties in remotely sensed atmospheric composition and temperature

Author

T. von Clarmann, D. A. Degenstein, N. J. Livesey, S. Bender, A. Braverman, A. Butz, S. Compernolle, R. Damadeo, S. Dueck, P. Eriksson, B. Funke, M. C. Johnson, Y. Kasai, A. Keppens, A. Kleinert, N. A. Kramarova, A. Laeng, B. Langerock, V. H. Payne, A. Rozanov, T. O. Sato, M. Schneider, P. Sheese, V. Sofieva, G. P. Stiller, C. von Savigny, and D. Zawada

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Remote sensing of atmospheric state variables typically relies on the inverse solution of the radiative transfer equation. An adequately characterized retrieval provides information on the uncertainties of the estimated state variables as well as on how any constraint or a priori assumption affects the estimate. Reported characterization data should be intercomparable between different instruments, empirically validatable, grid-independent, usable without detailed knowledge of the instrument or retrieval technique, traceable and still have reasonable data volume. The latter may force one to work with representative rather than individual characterization data. Many errors derive from approximations and simplifications used in real-world retrieval schemes, which are reviewed in this paper, along with related error estimation schemes. The main sources of uncertainty are measurement noise, calibration errors, simplifications and idealizations in the radiative transfer model and retrieval scheme, auxiliary data errors, and uncertainties in atmospheric or instrumental parameters. Some of these errors affect the result in a random way, while others chiefly cause a bias or are of mixed character. Beyond this, it is of utmost importance to know the influence of any constraint and prior information on the solution. While different instruments or retrieval schemes may require different error estimation schemes, we provide a list of recommendations which should help to unify retrieval error reporting.

Published
2020
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10. Validation of acetonitrile (CH3CN) measurements in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere from the SMILES instrument on the International Space Station

Author

T. Fujinawa, T. O. Sato, T. Yamada, S. Nara, Y. Uchiyama, K. Takahashi, N. Yoshida, and Y. Kasai

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Acetonitrile (CH3CN) is a volatile organic compound (VOC) and a potential tracer of biomass burning. We evaluated the capability of using observations derived from the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the International Space Station (ISS) to measure CH3CN profiles. The error in a CH3CN vertical profile from the Level-2 research (L2r) product version 3.0.0 was estimated by theoretical error analysis and also compared with other instrumental measurements. We estimated the systematic and random errors to be ∼5.8 ppt (7.8 %) and 25 ppt (60 %), respectively, for a single observation at 15.7 hPa in the tropics, where the CH3CN measurements are enhanced. The major source of systematic error was the pressure-broadening coefficient, and its contribution to the total systematic error was approximately 60 % in the middle stratosphere (15.7–4.8 hPa). The random error decreased to less than 40 % after averaging 10 profiles in the pressure range of 28.8–1.6 hPa. The total error due to uncertainties in other molecular spectroscopic parameters (2.8 ppt) was comparable to that of CH3CN spectroscopic parameters. We compared the SMILES CH3CN profiles with those of the microwave limb sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite (version 4.2). The SMILES CH3CN values were consistent with those from MLS within the standard deviation (1σ) of the MLS observations. The difference between the SMILES and MLS CH3CN profiles increased with altitude and was within 20–35 ppt (20 %–260 %) at 15.7–1.6 hPa. We observed discrepancies of 5–10 ppt (10 %–30 %) between the SMILES CH3CN profiles observed by different spectrometers, and hence, we do not recommend merging SMILES CH3CN profiles derived from different spectrometers. We found that the SMILES CH3CN volume mixing ratio (VMR) in the upper stratosphere has a seasonal maximum in February.

Published
2020
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11. The SPARC water vapour assessment II: profile-to-profile comparisons of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour data sets obtained from satellites

Author

S. Lossow, F. Khosrawi, M. Kiefer, K. A. Walker, J.-L. Bertaux, L. Blanot, J. M. Russell, E. E. Remsberg, J. C. Gille, T. Sugita, C. E. Sioris, B. M. Dinelli, E. Papandrea, P. Raspollini, M. García-Comas, G. P. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, A. Dudhia, W. G. Read, G. E. Nedoluha, R. P. Damadeo, J. M. Zawodny, K. Weigel, A. Rozanov, F. Azam, K. Bramstedt, S. Noël, J. P. Burrows, H. Sagawa, Y. Kasai, J. Urban, P. Eriksson, D. P. Murtagh, M. E. Hervig, C. Högberg, D. F. Hurst, and K. H. Rosenlof

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Within the framework of the second SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate) water vapour assessment (WAVAS-II), profile-to-profile comparisons of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour were performed by considering 33 data sets derived from satellite observations of 15 different instruments. These comparisons aimed to provide a picture of the typical biases and drifts in the observational database and to identify data-set-specific problems. The observational database typically exhibits the largest biases below 70 hPa, both in absolute and relative terms. The smallest biases are often found between 50 and 5 hPa. Typically, they range from 0.25 to 0.5 ppmv (5 % to 10 %) in this altitude region, based on the 50 % percentile over the different comparison results. Higher up, the biases increase with altitude overall but this general behaviour is accompanied by considerable variations. Characteristic values vary between 0.3 and 1 ppmv (4 % to 20 %). Obvious data-set-specific bias issues are found for a number of data sets. In our work we performed a drift analysis for data sets overlapping for a period of at least 36 months. This assessment shows a wide range of drifts among the different data sets that are statistically significant at the 2σ uncertainty level. In general, the smallest drifts are found in the altitude range between about 30 and 10 hPa. Histograms considering results from all altitudes indicate the largest occurrence for drifts between 0.05 and 0.3 ppmv decade−1. Comparisons of our drift estimates to those derived from comparisons of zonal mean time series only exhibit statistically significant differences in slightly more than 3 % of the comparisons. Hence, drift estimates from profile-to-profile and zonal mean time series comparisons are largely interchangeable. As for the biases, a number of data sets exhibit prominent drift issues. In our analyses we found that the large number of MIPAS data sets included in the assessment affects our general results as well as the bias summaries we provide for the individual data sets. This is because these data sets exhibit a relative similarity with respect to the remaining data sets, despite the fact that they are based on different measurement modes and different processors implementing different retrieval choices. Because of that, we have by default considered an aggregation of the comparison results obtained from MIPAS data sets. Results without this aggregation are provided on multiple occasions to characterise the effects due to the numerous MIPAS data sets. Among other effects, they cause a reduction of the typical biases in the observational database.

Published
2019
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12. Mars submillimeter sensor on microsatellite: sensor feasibility study

Author

R. Larsson, Y. Kasai, T. Kuroda, S. Sato, T. Yamada, H. Maezawa, Y. Hasegawa, T. Nishibori, S. Nakasuka, and P. Hartogh

Subjects
Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

We present a feasibility study for a submillimeter instrument on a small Mars platform now under construction. The sensor will measure the emission from atmospheric molecular oxygen, water, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide in order to retrieve their volume mixing ratios and the changes therein over time. In addition to these, the instrument will be able to limit the crustal magnetic field, and retrieve temperature and wind speed with various degrees of precision and resolution. The expected measurement precision before spatial and temporal averaging is 15 to 25 ppmv for the molecular oxygen mixing ratio, 0.2 ppmv for the gaseous water mixing ratio, 2 ppbv for the hydrogen peroxide mixing ratio, 2 ppbv for the ozone mixing ratio, 1.5 to 2.5 µT for the magnetic field strength, 1.5 to 2.5 K for the temperature profile, and 20 to 25 m s−1 for the horizontal wind speed.

Published
2018
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13. The SPARC water vapour assessment II: comparison of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour time series observed from satellites

Author

F. Khosrawi, S. Lossow, G. P. Stiller, K. H. Rosenlof, J. Urban, J. P. Burrows, R. P. Damadeo, P. Eriksson, M. García-Comas, J. C. Gille, Y. Kasai, M. Kiefer, G. E. Nedoluha, S. Noël, P. Raspollini, W. G. Read, A. Rozanov, C. E. Sioris, K. A. Walker, and K. Weigel

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Time series of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour using 33 data sets from 15 different satellite instruments were compared in the framework of the second SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate) water vapour assessment (WAVAS-II). This comparison aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the typical uncertainties in the observational database that can be considered in the future in observational and modelling studies, e.g addressing stratospheric water vapour trends. The time series comparisons are presented for the three latitude bands, the Antarctic (80°–70° S), the tropics (15° S–15° N) and the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes (50°–60° N) at four different altitudes (0.1, 3, 10 and 80 hPa) covering the stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The combined temporal coverage of observations from the 15 satellite instruments allowed the consideration of the time period 1986–2014. In addition to the qualitative comparison of the time series, the agreement of the data sets is assessed quantitatively in the form of the spread (i.e. the difference between the maximum and minimum volume mixing ratios among the data sets), the (Pearson) correlation coefficient and the drift (i.e. linear changes of the difference between time series over time). Generally, good agreement between the time series was found in the middle stratosphere while larger differences were found in the lower mesosphere and near the tropopause. Concerning the latitude bands, the largest differences were found in the Antarctic while the best agreement was found for the tropics. From our assessment we find that most data sets can be considered in future observational and modelling studies, e.g. addressing stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour variability and trends, if data set specific characteristics (e.g. drift) and restrictions (e.g. temporal and spatial coverage) are taken into account.

Published
2018
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14. Vertical profile of tropospheric ozone derived from synergetic retrieval using three different wavelength ranges, UV, IR, and microwave: sensitivity study for satellite observation

Author

T. O. Sato, T. M. Sato, H. Sagawa, K. Noguchi, N. Saitoh, H. Irie, K. Kita, M. E. Mahani, K. Zettsu, R. Imasu, S. Hayashida, and Y. Kasai

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

We performed a feasibility study of constraining the vertical profile of the tropospheric ozone by using a synergetic retrieval method on multiple spectra, i.e., ultraviolet (UV), thermal infrared (TIR), and microwave (MW) ranges, measured from space. This work provides, for the first time, a quantitative evaluation of the retrieval sensitivity of the tropospheric ozone by adding the MW measurement to the UV and TIR measurements. Two observation points in East Asia (one in an urban area and one in an ocean area) and two observation times (one during summer and one during winter) were assumed. Geometry of line of sight was nadir down-looking for the UV and TIR measurements, and limb sounding for the MW measurement. The retrieval sensitivities of the ozone profiles in the upper troposphere (UT), middle troposphere (MT), and lowermost troposphere (LMT) were estimated using the degree of freedom for signal (DFS), the pressure of maximum sensitivity, reduction rate of error from the a priori error, and the averaging kernel matrix, derived based on the optimal estimation method. The measurement noise levels were assumed to be the same as those for currently available instruments. The weighting functions for the UV, TIR, and MW ranges were calculated using the SCIATRAN radiative transfer model, the Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM), and the Advanced Model for Atmospheric Terahertz Radiation Analysis and Simulation (AMATERASU), respectively. The DFS value was increased by approximately 96, 23, and 30 % by adding the MW measurements to the combination of UV and TIR measurements in the UT, MT, and LMT regions, respectively. The MW measurement increased the DFS value of the LMT ozone; nevertheless, the MW measurement alone has no sensitivity to the LMT ozone. The pressure of maximum sensitivity value for the LMT ozone was also increased by adding the MW measurement. These findings indicate that better information on LMT ozone can be obtained by adding constraints on the UT and MT ozone from the MW measurement. The results of this study are applicable to the upcoming air-quality monitoring missions, APOLLO, GMAP-Asia, and uvSCOPE.

Published
2018
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15. Stratospheric and mesospheric HO2 observations from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder

Author

L. Millán, S. Wang, N. Livesey, D. Kinnison, H. Sagawa, and Y. Kasai

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

This study introduces stratospheric and mesospheric hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) estimates from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) using an offline retrieval (i.e. run separately from the standard MLS algorithm). This new data set provides two daily zonal averages, one during daytime from 10 to 0.0032 hPa (using day-minus-night differences between 10 and 1 hPa to ameliorate systematic biases) and one during nighttime from 1 to 0.0032 hPa. The vertical resolution of this new data set varies from about 4 km at 10 hPa to around 14 km at 0.0032 hPa. A description of the methodology and an error analysis are presented. Comparisons against the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) and the Far Infrared Spectrometer (FIRS-2) measurements, as well as photochemical simulations, demonstrate the robustness of the retrieval and indicate that the retrieval is sensitive enough to detect mesospheric HO2 layers during both day and night. This new data set is the first long-term HO2 stratospheric and mesospheric satellite record and it provides needed constraints to help resolve the O3 deficit problem and the "HOx dilemma".

Published
2015
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16. Overview and sample applications of SMILES and Odin-SMR retrievals of upper tropospheric humidity and cloud ice mass

Author

P. Eriksson, B. Rydberg, H. Sagawa, M. S. Johnston, and Y. Kasai

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Retrievals of cloud ice mass and humidity from the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) and the Odin-SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer) limb sounder are presented and example applications of the data are given. SMILES data give an unprecedented view of the diurnal variation of cloud ice mass. Mean regional diurnal cycles are reported and compared to some global climate models. Some improvements in the models regarding diurnal timing and relative amplitude were noted, but the models' mean ice mass around 250 hPa is still low compared to the observations. The influence of the ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) state on the upper troposphere is demonstrated using 12 years of Odin-SMR data. The same retrieval scheme is applied for both sensors, and gives low systematic differences between the two data sets. A special feature of this Bayesian retrieval scheme, of Monte Carlo integration type, is that values are produced for all measurements but for some atmospheric states retrieved values only reflect a priori assumptions. However, this "all-weather" capability allows a direct statistical comparison to model data, in contrast to many other satellite data sets. Another strength of the retrievals is the detailed treatment of "beam filling" that otherwise would cause large systematic biases for these passive cloud ice mass retrievals. The main retrieval inputs are spectra around 635/525 GHz from tangent altitudes below 8/9 km for SMILES/Odin-SMR, respectively. For both sensors, the data cover the upper troposphere between 30° S and 30° N. Humidity is reported as both relative humidity and volume mixing ratio. The vertical coverage of SMILES is restricted to a single layer, while Odin-SMR gives some profiling capability between 300 and 150 hPa. Ice mass is given as the partial ice water path above 260 hPa, but for Odin-SMR ice water content, estimates are also provided. Besides a smaller contrast between most dry and wet cases, the agreement with Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) humidity data is good. In terms of tropical mean humidity, all three data sets agree within 3.5 %RHi. Mean ice mass is about a factor of 2 lower compared to CloudSat. This deviation is caused by the fact that different particle size distributions are assumed, combined with saturation and a priori influences in the SMILES and Odin-SMR data.

Published
2014
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17. The use of SMILES data to study ozone loss in the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and comparison with Odin/SMR data using assimilation techniques

Author

K. Sagi, D. Murtagh, J. Urban, H. Sagawa, and Y. Kasai

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on board the International Space Station observed ozone in the stratosphere with high precision from October 2009 to April 2010. Although SMILES measurements only cover latitudes from 38° S to 65° N, the combination of data assimilation methods and an isentropic advection model allows us to quantify the ozone depletion in the 2009/2010 Arctic polar winter by making use of the instability of the polar vortex in the northern hemisphere. Ozone data from both SMILES and Odin/SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer) for the winter were assimilated into the Dynamical Isentropic Assimilation Model for OdiN Data (DIAMOND). DIAMOND is an off-line wind-driven transport model on isentropic surfaces. Wind data from the operational analyses of the European Centre for Medium- Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were used to drive the model. In this study, particular attention is paid to the cross isentropic transport of the tracer in order to accurately assess the ozone loss. The assimilated SMILES ozone fields agree well with the limitation of noise induced variability within the SMR fields despite the limited latitude coverage of the SMILES observations. Ozone depletion has been derived by comparing the ozone field acquired by sequential assimilation with a passively transported ozone field initialized on 1 December 2009. Significant ozone loss was found in different periods and altitudes from using both SMILES and SMR data: The initial depletion occurred at the end of January below 550 K with an accumulated loss of 0.6–1.0 ppmv (approximately 20%) by 1 April. The ensuing loss started from the end of February between 575 K and 650 K. Our estimation shows that 0.8–1.3 ppmv (20–25 %) of O3 has been removed at the 600 K isentropic level by 1 April in volume mixing ratio (VMR).

Published
2014
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18. Validation of MIPAS IMK/IAA V5R_O3_224 ozone profiles

Author

A. Laeng, U. Grabowski, T. von Clarmann, G. Stiller, N. Glatthor, M. Höpfner, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, S. Lossow, V. Sofieva, I. Petropavlovskikh, D. Hubert, T. Bathgate, P. Bernath, C. D. Boone, C. Clerbaux, P. Coheur, R. Damadeo, D. Degenstein, S. Frith, L. Froidevaux, J. Gille, K. Hoppel, M. McHugh, Y. Kasai, J. Lumpe, N. Rahpoe, G. Toon, T. Sano, M. Suzuki, J. Tamminen, J. Urban, K. Walker, M. Weber, and J. Zawodny

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

We present the results of an extensive validation program of the most recent version of ozone vertical profiles retrieved with the IMK/IAA (Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía) MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) research level 2 processor from version 5 spectral level 1 data. The time period covered corresponds to the reduced spectral resolution period of the MIPAS instrument, i.e., January 2005–April 2012. The comparison with satellite instruments includes all post-2005 satellite limb and occultation sensors that have measured the vertical profiles of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone: ACE-FTS, GOMOS, HALOE, HIRDLS, MLS, OSIRIS, POAM, SAGE II, SCIAMACHY, SMILES, and SMR. In addition, balloon-borne MkIV solar occultation measurements and ground-based Umkehr measurements have been included, as well as two nadir sensors: IASI and SBUV. For each reference data set, bias determination and precision assessment are performed. Better agreement with reference instruments than for the previous data version, V5R_O3_220 (Laeng et al., 2014), is found: the known high bias around the ozone vmr (volume mixing ratio) peak is significantly reduced and the vertical resolution at 35 km has been improved. The agreement with limb and solar occultation reference instruments that have a known small bias vs. ozonesondes is within 7% in the lower and middle stratosphere and 5% in the upper troposphere. Around the ozone vmr peak, the agreement with most of the satellite reference instruments is within 5%; this bias is as low as 3% for ACE-FTS, MLS, OSIRIS, POAM and SBUV.

Published
2014
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19. Past changes in the vertical distribution of ozone – Part 1: Measurement techniques, uncertainties and availability

Author

B. Hassler, I. Petropavlovskikh, J. Staehelin, T. August, P. K. Bhartia, C. Clerbaux, D. Degenstein, M. De Mazière, B. M. Dinelli, A. Dudhia, G. Dufour, S. M. Frith, L. Froidevaux, S. Godin-Beekmann, J. Granville, N. R. P. Harris, K. Hoppel, D. Hubert, Y. Kasai, M. J. Kurylo, E. Kyrölä, J.-C. Lambert, P. F. Levelt, C. T. McElroy, R. D. McPeters, R. Munro, H. Nakajima, A. Parrish, P. Raspollini, E. E. Remsberg, K. H. Rosenlof, A. Rozanov, T. Sano, Y. Sasano, M. Shiotani, H. G. J. Smit, G. Stiller, J. Tamminen, D. W. Tarasick, J. Urban, R. J. van der A, J. P. Veefkind, C. Vigouroux, T. von Clarmann, C. von Savigny, K. A. Walker, M. Weber, J. Wild, and J. M. Zawodny

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Peak stratospheric chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and other ozone depleting substance (ODS) concentrations were reached in the mid- to late 1990s. Detection and attribution of the expected recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer in an atmosphere with reduced ODSs as well as efforts to understand the evolution of stratospheric ozone in the presence of increasing greenhouse gases are key current research topics. These require a critical examination of the ozone changes with an accurate knowledge of the spatial (geographical and vertical) and temporal ozone response. For such an examination, it is vital that the quality of the measurements used be as high as possible and measurement uncertainties well quantified. In preparation for the 2014 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, the SPARC/IO3C/IGACO-O3/NDACC (SI2N) Initiative was designed to study and document changes in the global ozone profile distribution. This requires assessing long-term ozone profile data sets in regards to measurement stability and uncertainty characteristics. The ultimate goal is to establish suitability for estimating long-term ozone trends to contribute to ozone recovery studies. Some of the data sets have been improved as part of this initiative with updated versions now available. This summary presents an overview of stratospheric ozone profile measurement data sets (ground and satellite based) available for ozone recovery studies. Here we document measurement techniques, spatial and temporal coverage, vertical resolution, native units and measurement uncertainties. In addition, the latest data versions are briefly described (including data version updates as well as detailing multiple retrievals when available for a given satellite instrument). Archive location information for each data set is also given.

Published
2014
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20. Vertical profile of δ18OOO from the middle stratosphere to lower mesosphere from SMILES spectra

Author

T. O. Sato, H. Sagawa, N. Yoshida, and Y. Kasai

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Ozone is known to have large oxygen isotopic enrichments of about 10% in the middle stratosphere; however, there have been no reports of ozone isotopic enrichments above the middle stratosphere. We derived an enrichment δ18OOO in the stratosphere and the lower mesosphere from observations of the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) onboard the International Space Station (ISS) using a retrieval algorithm optimized for the isotopic ratio. The retrieval algorithm includes (i) an a priori covariance matrix constrained by oxygen isotopic ratios in ozone, (ii) an optimization of spectral windows for ozone isotopomers and isotopologues, and (iii) common tangent height information for all windows. The δ18OOO by averaging the SMILES measurements at the latitude range of 20 to 40° N from February to March in 2010 with solar zenith angle < 80° was 13% (at 32 km) with the systematic error of about 5%. SMILES and past measurements were in good agreement, with δ18OOO increasing with altitude between 30 and 40 km. The vertical profile of δ18OOO obtained in this study showed an increase and a decrease with altitude in the stratosphere and mesosphere, respectively. The δ18OOO peak, 18%, is found at the stratopause. The δ18OOO has a positive correlation with temperature in the range of 220–255 K, indicating that temperature can be a dominant factor to control the vertical profile of δ18OOO in the stratosphere and mesosphere. This is the first report of the observation of δ18OOO over a wide altitude range extending from the stratosphere to the mesosphere (28–57 km).

Published
2014
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21. Direct estimation of the rate constant of the reaction ClO + HO2 → HOCl + O2 from SMILES atmospheric observations

Author

K. Kuribayashi, H. Sagawa, R. Lehmann, T. O. Sato, and Y. Kasai

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Diurnal variations of ClO, HO2, and HOCl were simultaneously observed by the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) between 12 October 2009 and 21 April 2010. These were the first global observations of the diurnal variation of HOCl in the upper atmosphere. A major reaction for the production of HOCl is ClO + HO2 → HOCl + O2 (Reaction (R1)) in extra-polar regions. A model study suggested that in the mesosphere, this is the only reaction influencing the amount of HOCl during the night. The evaluation of the pure reaction period, when only Reaction (R1) occurred in the Cly chemical system, was performed by checking the consistency of the HOCl production rate with the ClO loss rate from SMILES observation data. It turned out that the SMILES data at the pressure level of 0.28 hPa (about 58 km) in the autumn mid-latitude region (20–40°, February–April 2010) during night (between modified local time 18:30 and 04:00) were suitable for the estimation of the rate constant, k1. The rate constant obtained from SMILES observations was k1(245 K) = (7.75 ± 0.25) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. This result is consistent with results from a laboratory experiment and ab initio calculations for similar low-pressure conditions.

Published
2014
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22. HCl and ClO profiles inside the Antarctic vortex as observed by SMILES in November 2009: comparisons with MLS and ACE-FTS instruments

Author

T. Sugita, Y. Kasai, Y. Terao, S. Hayashida, G. L. Manney, W. H. Daffer, H. Sagawa, M. Suzuki, M. Shiotani, K. A. Walker, C. D. Boone, and P. F. Bernath

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

We present vertical profiles of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine monoxide (ClO) as observed by the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the International Space Station (ISS) inside the Antarctic vortex on 19–24 November 2009. The SMILES HCl value reveals 2.8–3.1 ppbv between 450 K and 500 K levels in potential temperature (PT). The high value of HCl is highlighted since it is suggested that HCl is a main component of the total inorganic chlorine (Cly), defined as Cly ≃ HCl + ClO + chlorine nitrate (ClONO2), inside the Antarctic vortex in spring, owing to low ozone values. To confirm the quality of two SMILES level 2 (L2) data products provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and Japan's National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), vis-à-vis the partitioning of Cly, comparisons are made using other satellite data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). HCl values from the SMILES NICT L2 product agree to within 10% (0.3 ppbv) with the MLS HCl data between 450 and 575 K levels in PT and with the ACE-FTS HCl data between 425 and 575 K. The SMILES JAXA L2 product is 10 to 20% (0.2–0.5 ppbv) lower than that from MLS between 400 and 700 K and from ACE-FTS between 500 and 700 K. For ClO in daytime, the difference between SMILES (JAXA and NICT) and MLS is less than ±0.05 ppbv (100 %) between 500 K and 650 K with the ClO values less than 0.2 ppbv. ClONO2 values as measured by ACE-FTS also reveal 0.2 ppbv at 475–500 K level, resulting in the HCl / Cly ratios of 0.91–0.95. The HCl / Cly ratios derived from each retrieval agree to within −5 to 8 % with regard to their averages. The high HCl values and HCl / Cly ratios observed by the three instruments in the lower stratospheric Antarctic vortex are consistent with previous observations in late Austral spring.

Published
2013
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23. Validation of stratospheric and mesospheric ozone observed by SMILES from International Space Station

Author

Y. Kasai, H. Sagawa, D. Kreyling, E. Dupuy, P. Baron, J. Mendrok, K. Suzuki, T. O. Sato, T. Nishibori, S. Mizobuchi, K. Kikuchi, T. Manabe, H. Ozeki, T. Sugita, M. Fujiwara, Y. Irimajiri, K. A. Walker, P. F. Bernath, C. Boone, G. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, J. Orphal, J. Urban, D. Murtagh, E. J. Llewellyn, D. Degenstein, A. E. Bourassa, N. D. Lloyd, L. Froidevaux, M. Birk, G. Wagner, F. Schreier, J. Xu, P. Vogt, T. Trautmann, and M. Yasui

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

We observed ozone (O3) in the vertical region between 250 and 0.0005 hPa (~ 12–96 km) using the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) of the International Space Station (ISS) between 12 October 2009 and 21 April 2010. The new 4 K superconducting heterodyne receiver technology of SMILES allowed us to obtain a one order of magnitude better signal-to-noise ratio for the O3 line observation compared to past spaceborne microwave instruments. The non-sun-synchronous orbit of the ISS allowed us to observe O3 at various local times. We assessed the quality of the vertical profiles of O3 in the 100–0.001 hPa (~ 16–90 km) region for the SMILES NICT Level 2 product version 2.1.5. The evaluation is based on four components: error analysis; internal comparisons of observations targeting three different instrumental setups for the same O3 625.371 GHz transition; internal comparisons of two different retrieval algorithms; and external comparisons for various local times with ozonesonde, satellite and balloon observations (ENVISAT/MIPAS, SCISAT/ACE-FTS, Odin/OSIRIS, Odin/SMR, Aura/MLS, TELIS). SMILES O3 data have an estimated absolute accuracy of better than 0.3 ppmv (3%) with a vertical resolution of 3–4 km over the 60 to 8 hPa range. The random error for a single measurement is better than the estimated systematic error, being less than 1, 2, and 7%, in the 40–1, 80–0.1, and 100–0.004 hPa pressure regions, respectively. SMILES O3 abundance was 10–20% lower than all other satellite measurements at 8–0.1 hPa due to an error arising from uncertainties of the tangent point information and the gain calibration for the intensity of the spectrum. SMILES O3 from observation frequency Band-B had better accuracy than that from Band-A. A two month period is required to accumulate measurements covering 24 h in local time of O3 profile. However such a dataset can also contain variation due to dynamical, seasonal, and latitudinal effects.

Published
2013
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24. Diurnal variation of stratospheric and lower mesospheric HOCl, ClO and HO2 at the equator: comparison of 1-D model calculations with measurements by satellite instruments

Author

M. Khosravi, P. Baron, J. Urban, L. Froidevaux, A. I. Jonsson, Y. Kasai, K. Kuribayashi, C. Mitsuda, D. P. Murtagh, H. Sagawa, M. L. Santee, T. O. Sato, M. Shiotani, M. Suzuki, T. von Clarmann, K. A. Walker, and S. Wang

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The diurnal variation of HOCl and the related species ClO, HO2 and HCl measured by satellites has been compared with the results of a one-dimensional photochemical model. The study compares the data from various limb-viewing instruments with model simulations from the middle stratosphere to the lower mesosphere. Data from three sub-millimetre instruments and two infrared spectrometers are used, namely from the Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) on board Odin, the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on board Aura, the Superconducting Submillimeter-wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the International Space Station, the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board ENVISAT, and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on board SCISAT. Inter-comparison of the measurements from instruments on sun-synchronous satellites (SMR, MLS, MIPAS) and measurements from solar occultation instruments (ACE-FTS) is challenging since the measurements correspond to different solar zenith angles (or local times). However, using a model which covers all solar zenith angles and data from the SMILES instrument which measured at all local times over a period of several months provides the possibility to verify the model and to indirectly compare the diurnally variable species. The satellite data were averaged for latitudes of 20° S to 20° N for the SMILES observation period from November 2009 to April 2010 and were compared at three altitudes: 35, 45 and 55 km. Besides presenting the SMILES data, the study also shows a first comparison of the latest MLS data (version 3.3) of HOCl, ClO, and HO2 with other satellite observations, as well as a first evaluation of HO2 observations made by Odin/SMR. The MISU-1D model has been carefully initialised and run for conditions and locations of the observations. The diurnal cycle features for the species investigated here are generally well reproduced by the model. The satellite observations and the model agree well in terms of absolute mixing ratios. The differences between the day and night values of the model are in good agreement with the observations although the amplitude of the HO2 diurnal variation is 10–20% lower in the model than in the observations. In particular, the data offered the opportunity to study the reaction ClO+HO2 → HOCl+O2 in the lower mesosphere at 55 km. At this altitude the HOCl night-time variation depends only on this reaction. The result of this analysis points towards a value of the rate constant within the range of the JPL 2006 recommendation and the upper uncertainty limit of the JPL 2011 recommendation at 55 km.

Published
2013
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25. Observation of horizontal winds in the middle-atmosphere between 30° S and 55° N during the northern winter 2009–2010

Author

P. Baron, D. P. Murtagh, J. Urban, H. Sagawa, S. Ochiai, Y. Kasai, K. Kikuchi, F. Khosrawi, H. Körnich, S. Mizobuchi, K. Sagi, and M. Yasui

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Although the links between stratospheric dynamics, climate and weather have been demonstrated, direct observations of stratospheric winds are lacking, in particular at altitudes above 30 km. We report observations of winds between 8 and 0.01 hPa (~35–80 km) from October 2009 to April 2010 by the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the International Space Station. The altitude range covers the region between 35–60 km where previous space-borne wind instruments show a lack of sensitivity. Both zonal and meridional wind components were obtained, though not simultaneously, in the latitude range from 30° S to 55° N and with a single profile precision of 7–9 m s–1 between 8 and 0.6 hPa and better than 20 m s–1 at altitudes above. The vertical resolution is 5–7 km except in the upper part of the retrieval range (10 km at 0.01 hPa). In the region between 1–0.05 hPa, an absolute value of the mean difference < 2 m s–1 is found between SMILES profiles retrieved from different spectroscopic lines and instrumental settings. Good agreement (absolute value of the mean difference of ~2 m s–1) is also found with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis in most of the stratosphere except for the zonal winds over the equator (difference > 5 m s−1). In the mesosphere, SMILES and ECMWF zonal winds exhibit large differences (> 20 m s–1), especially in the tropics. We illustrate our results by showing daily and monthly zonal wind variations, namely the semi-annual oscillation in the tropics and reversals of the flow direction between 50–55° N during sudden stratospheric warmings. The daily comparison with ECMWF winds reveals that in the beginning of February, a significantly stronger zonal westward flow is measured in the tropics at 2 hPa compared to the flow computed in the analysis (difference of ~20 m s–1). The results show that the comparison between SMILES and ECMWF winds is not only relevant for the quality assessment of the new SMILES winds, but it also provides insights on the quality of the ECMWF winds themselves. Although the instrument was not specifically designed for measuring winds, the results demonstrate that space-borne sub-mm wave radiometers have the potential to provide good quality data for improving the stratospheric winds in atmospheric models.

Published
2013
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26. Stratospheric BrO abundance measured by a balloon-borne submillimeterwave radiometer

Author

R. A. Stachnik, L. Millán, R. Jarnot, R. Monroe, C. McLinden, S. Kühl, J. Puķīte, M. Shiotani, M. Suzuki, Y. Kasai, F. Goutail, J. P. Pommereau, M. Dorf, and K. Pfeilsticker

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Measurements of mixing ratio profiles of stratospheric bromine monoxide (BrO) were made using observations of BrO rotational line emission at 650.179 GHz by a balloon-borne SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) submillimeterwave heterodyne limb sounder (SLS). The balloon was launched from Ft. Sumner, New Mexico (34° N) on 22 September 2011. Peak mid-day BrO abundance varied from 16 ± 2 ppt at 34 km to 6 ± 4 ppt at 16 km. Corresponding estimates of total inorganic bromine (Bry), derived from BrO vmr (volume mixing ratio) using a photochemical box model, were 21 ± 3 ppt and 11 ± 5 ppt, respectively. Inferred Bry abundance exceeds that attributable solely to decomposition of long-lived methyl bromide and other halons, and is consistent with a contribution from bromine-containing very short lived substances, BryVSLS, of 4 ppt to 8 ppt. These results for BrO and Bry were compared with, and found to be in good agreement with, those of other recent balloon-borne and satellite instruments.

Published
2013
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27. Strato-mesospheric ClO observations by SMILES: error analysis and diurnal variation

Author

T. O. Sato, H. Sagawa, D. Kreyling, T. Manabe, S. Ochiai, K. Kikuchi, P. Baron, J. Mendrok, J. Urban, D. Murtagh, M. Yasui, and Y. Kasai

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Chlorine monoxide (ClO) is the key species for anthropogenic ozone losses in the middle atmosphere. We observed ClO diurnal variations using the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the International Space Station, which has a non-sun-synchronous orbit. This includes the first global observations of the ClO diurnal variation from the stratosphere up to the mesosphere. The observation of mesospheric ClO was possible due to 10–20 times better signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of the spectra than those of past or ongoing microwave/submillimeter-wave limb-emission sounders. We performed a quantitative error analysis for the strato- and mesospheric ClO from the Level-2 research (L2r) product version 2.1.5 taking into account all possible contributions of errors, i.e. errors due to spectrum noise, smoothing, and uncertainties in radiative transfer model and instrument functions. The SMILES L2r v2.1.5 ClO data are useful over the range from 0.01 and 100 hPa with a total error estimate of 10–30 pptv (about 10%) with averaging 100 profiles. The SMILES ClO vertical resolution is 3–5 km and 5–8 km for the stratosphere and mesosphere, respectively. The SMILES observations reproduced the diurnal variation of stratospheric ClO, with peak values at midday, observed previously by the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS/MLS). Mesospheric ClO demonstrated an opposite diurnal behavior, with nighttime values being larger than daytime values. A ClO enhancement of about 100 pptv was observed at 0.02 to 0.01 hPa (about 70–80 km) for 50° N–65° N from January–February 2010. The performance of SMILES ClO observations opens up new opportunities to investigate ClO up to the mesopause.

Published
2012
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28. Observing ice clouds in the submillimeter spectral range: the CloudIce mission proposal for ESA's Earth Explorer 8

Author

S. A. Buehler, E. Defer, F. Evans, S. Eliasson, J. Mendrok, P. Eriksson, C. Lee, C. Jiménez, C. Prigent, S. Crewell, Y. Kasai, R. Bennartz, and A. J. Gasiewski

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Passive submillimeter-wave sensors are a way to obtain urgently needed global data on ice clouds, particularly on the so far poorly characterized "essential climate variable" ice water path (IWP) and on ice particle size. CloudIce was a mission proposal to the European Space Agency ESA in response to the call for Earth Explorer 8 (EE8), which ran in 2009/2010. It proposed a passive submillimeter-wave sensor with channels ranging from 183 GHz to 664 GHz. The article describes the CloudIce mission proposal, with particular emphasis on describing the algorithms for the data-analysis of submillimeter-wave cloud ice data (retrieval algorithms) and demonstrating their maturity. It is shown that we have a robust understanding of the radiative properties of cloud ice in the millimeter/submillimeter spectral range, and that we have a proven toolbox of retrieval algorithms to work with these data. Although the mission was not selected for EE8, the concept will be useful as a reference for other future mission proposals.

Published
2012
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29. Observed and simulated time evolution of HCl, ClONO2, and HF total column abundances

Author

B.-M. Sinnhuber, C. Senten, C. Servais, M. Schneider, C. P. Rinsland, E. Rozanov, M. Rettinger, Th. Reddmann, U. Raffalski, C. Paton-Walsh, M. Palm, H. Nakajima, I. Murata, I. Morino, B. Monge-Sanz, R. L. Mittermeier, E. Mahieu, R. Lindenmaier, W. Kouker, O. Kirner, Y. Kasai, I. Kaiser, A. Kagawa, N. B. Jones, F. Hase, J. W. Hannigan, K. Hamann, D. W. T. Griffith, A. Goldman, W. Feng, H. Fast, M. T. Coffey, P. Demoulin, Th. Blumenstock, R. D. Blatherwick, R. L. Batchelor, S. Barthlott, M. De Mazière, J. Notholt, M. P. Chipperfield, R. Ruhnke, R. Kohlhepp, D. Smale, K. Strong, R. Sussmann, J. R. Taylor, G. Vanhaelewyn, T. Warneke, C. Whaley, M. Wiehle, and S. W. Wood

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Time series of total column abundances of hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2), and hydrogen fluoride (HF) were determined from ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra recorded at 17 sites belonging to the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and located between 80.05° N and 77.82° S. By providing such a near-global overview on ground-based measurements of the two major stratospheric chlorine reservoir species, HCl and ClONO2, the present study is able to confirm the decrease of the atmospheric inorganic chlorine abundance during the last few years. This decrease is expected following the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its amendments and adjustments, where restrictions and a subsequent phase-out of the prominent anthropogenic chlorine source gases (solvents, chlorofluorocarbons) were agreed upon to enable a stabilisation and recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer. The atmospheric fluorine content is expected to be influenced by the Montreal Protocol, too, because most of the banned anthropogenic gases also represent important fluorine sources. But many of the substitutes to the banned gases also contain fluorine so that the HF total column abundance is expected to have continued to increase during the last few years. The measurements are compared with calculations from five different models: the two-dimensional Bremen model, the two chemistry-transport models KASIMA and SLIMCAT, and the two chemistry-climate models EMAC and SOCOL. Thereby, the ability of the models to reproduce the absolute total column amounts, the seasonal cycles, and the temporal evolution found in the FTIR measurements is investigated and inter-compared. This is especially interesting because the models have different architectures. The overall agreement between the measurements and models for the total column abundances and the seasonal cycles is good. Linear trends of HCl, ClONO2, and HF are calculated from both measurement and model time series data, with a focus on the time range 2000–2009. This period is chosen because from most of the measurement sites taking part in this study, data are available during these years. The precision of the trends is estimated with the bootstrap resampling method. The sensitivity of the trend results with respect to the fitting function, the time of year chosen and time series length is investigated, as well as a bias due to the irregular sampling of the measurements. The measurements and model results investigated here agree qualitatively on a decrease of the chlorine species by around 1% yr−1. The models simulate an increase of HF of around 1% yr−1. This also agrees well with most of the measurements, but some of the FTIR series in the Northern Hemisphere show a stabilisation or even a decrease in the last few years. In general, for all three gases, the measured trends vary more strongly with latitude and hemisphere than the modelled trends. Relative to the FTIR measurements, the models tend to underestimate the decreasing chlorine trends and to overestimate the fluorine increase in the Northern Hemisphere. At most sites, the models simulate a stronger decrease of ClONO2 than of HCl. In the FTIR measurements, this difference between the trends of HCl and ClONO2 depends strongly on latitude, especially in the Northern Hemisphere.

Published
2012
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30. The Level 2 research product algorithms for the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES)

Author

P. Baron, J. Urban, H. Sagawa, J. Möller, D. P. Murtagh, J. Mendrok, E. Dupuy, T. O. Sato, S. Ochiai, K. Suzuki, T. Manabe, T. Nishibori, K. Kikuchi, R. Sato, M. Takayanagi, Y. Murayama, M. Shiotani, and Y. Kasai

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

This paper describes the algorithms of the level-2 research (L2r) processing chain developed for the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES). The chain has been developed in parallel to the operational chain for conducting researches on calibration and retrieval algorithms. L2r chain products are available to the scientific community. The objective of version 2 is the retrieval of the vertical distribution of trace gases in the altitude range of 18–90 km. A theoretical error analysis is conducted to estimate the retrieval feasibility of key parameters of the processing: line-of-sight elevation tangent altitudes (or angles), temperature and ozone profiles. While pointing information is often retrieved from molecular oxygen lines, there is no oxygen line in the SMILES spectra, so the strong ozone line at 625.371 GHz has been chosen. The pointing parameters and the ozone profiles are retrieved from the line wings which are measured with high signal to noise ratio, whereas the temperature profile is retrieved from the optically thick line center. The main systematic component of the retrieval error was found to be the neglect of the non-linearity of the radiometric gain in the calibration procedure. This causes a temperature retrieval error of 5–10 K. Because of these large temperature errors, it is not possible to construct a reliable hydrostatic pressure profile. However, as a consequence of the retrieval of pointing parameters, pressure induced errors are significantly reduced if the retrieved trace gas profiles are represented on pressure levels instead of geometric altitude levels. Further, various setups of trace gas retrievals have been tested. The error analysis for the retrieved HOCl profile demonstrates that best results for inverting weak lines can be obtained by using narrow spectral windows.

Published
2011
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31. The H2O-O2 water vapour complex in the Earth's atmosphere

Author

S. Kondo, Y. Sumiyoshi, A. Sabu, K. Hashimoto, E. Dupuy, R. Saito, Y. Kasai, and Y. Endo

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Until recently, abundance estimates for bound molecular complexes have been affected by uncertainties of a factor 10–100. This is due to the difficulty of accurately obtaining the equilibrium constant, either from laboratory experiments or by statistical thermodynamic calculations. In this paper, we firstly present laboratory experiments that we performed in order to determine the molecular structure of H2O-O2. We also derive global abundance estimates for H2O-O2 in the Earth's atmosphere. The equilibrium constant Kp evaluated using the "anharmonic oscillator approach" (AHOA) (Sabu et al., 2005) was employed: the AHOA explains well the structure of the complex obtained by the present experiment. The Kp calculated by this method shows a realistic temperature dependence. We used this Kp to derive global abundance estimates for H2O-O2 in the Earth's atmosphere. The distribution of H2-O2 follows that of water vapour in the troposphere and seems inversely proportional to temperature in the lower stratosphere. Preliminary estimates at the surface show amount of H2O-O2 is comparable to CO or N2O, ranking water vapour complexes among the ten most abundant species in the boundary layer.

Published
2011
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32. Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

Author

E. Dupuy, K. A. Walker, J. Kar, C. D. Boone, C. T. McElroy, P. F. Bernath, J. R. Drummond, R. Skelton, S. D. McLeod, R. C. Hughes, C. R. Nowlan, D. G. Dufour, J. Zou, F. Nichitiu, K. Strong, P. Baron, R. M. Bevilacqua, T. Blumenstock, G. E. Bodeker, T. Borsdorff, A. E. Bourassa, H. Bovensmann, I. S. Boyd, A. Bracher, C. Brogniez, J. P. Burrows, V. Catoire, S. Ceccherini, S. Chabrillat, T. Christensen, M. T. Coffey, U. Cortesi, J. Davies, C. De Clercq, D. A. Degenstein, M. De Mazière, P. Demoulin, J. Dodion, B. Firanski, H. Fischer, G. Forbes, L. Froidevaux, D. Fussen, P. Gerard, S. Godin-Beekmann, F. Goutail, J. Granville, D. Griffith, C. S. Haley, J. W. Hannigan, M. Höpfner, J. J. Jin, A. Jones, N. B. Jones, K. Jucks, A. Kagawa, Y. Kasai, T. E. Kerzenmacher, A. Kleinböhl, A. R. Klekociuk, I. Kramer, H. Küllmann, J. Kuttippurath, E. Kyrölä, J.-C. Lambert, N. J. Livesey, E. J. Llewellyn, N. D. Lloyd, E. Mahieu, G. L. Manney, B. T. Marshall, J. C. McConnell, M. P. McCormick, I. S. McDermid, M. McHugh, C. A. McLinden, J. Mellqvist, K. Mizutani, Y. Murayama, D. P. Murtagh, H. Oelhaf, A. Parrish, S. V. Petelina, C. Piccolo, J.-P. Pommereau, C. E. Randall, C. Robert, C. Roth, M. Schneider, C. Senten, T. Steck, A. Strandberg, K. B. Strawbridge, R. Sussmann, D. P. J. Swart, D. W. Tarasick, J. R. Taylor, C. Tétard, L. W. Thomason, A. M. Thompson, M. B. Tully, J. Urban, F. Vanhellemont, C. Vigouroux, T. von Clarmann, P. von der Gathen, C. von Savigny, J. W. Waters, J. C. Witte, M. Wolff, and J. M. Zawodny

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

This paper presents extensive {bias determination} analyses of ozone observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite instruments: the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE-MAESTRO) instrument. Here we compare the latest ozone data products from ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO with coincident observations from nearly 20 satellite-borne, airborne, balloon-borne and ground-based instruments, by analysing volume mixing ratio profiles and partial column densities. The ACE-FTS version 2.2 Ozone Update product reports more ozone than most correlative measurements from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. At altitude levels from 16 to 44 km, the average values of the mean relative differences are nearly all within +1 to +8%. At higher altitudes (45–60 km), the ACE-FTS ozone amounts are significantly larger than those of the comparison instruments, with mean relative differences of up to +40% (about +20% on average). For the ACE-MAESTRO version 1.2 ozone data product, mean relative differences are within ±10% (average values within ±6%) between 18 and 40 km for both the sunrise and sunset measurements. At higher altitudes (~35–55 km), systematic biases of opposite sign are found between the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise and sunset observations. While ozone amounts derived from the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise occultation data are often smaller than the coincident observations (with mean relative differences down to −10%), the sunset occultation profiles for ACE-MAESTRO show results that are qualitatively similar to ACE-FTS, indicating a large positive bias (mean relative differences within +10 to +30%) in the 45–55 km altitude range. In contrast, there is no significant systematic difference in bias found for the ACE-FTS sunrise and sunset measurements.

Published
2009

33. Validation of ACE-FTS v2.2 measurements of HCl, HF, CCl3F and CCl2F2 using space-, balloon- and ground-based instrument observations

Author

C. Servais, R. Zander, T. Warneke, G. C. Toon, C. Tétard, D. Smale, J. Taylor, C. Senten, C. Robert, O. Schrems, C. P. Rinsland, R. Nassar, J. Notholt, S. Mikuteit, Y. Mebarki, Y. Kasai, A. Kagawa, K. W. Jucks, N. Jones, F. Hase, J. Hannigan, D. Griffith, M. De Mazière, M. Coffey, T. Blumenstock, J.-F. Blavier, P. F. Bernath, C. D. Boone, K. Strong, V. Catoire, C. Randall, L. Froidevaux, E. Dupuy, K. A. Walker, P. Demoulin, P. Duchatelet, E. Mahieu, and S. W. Wood

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) are respectively the main chlorine and fluorine reservoirs in the Earth's stratosphere. Their buildup resulted from the intensive use of man-made halogenated source gases, in particular CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2), during the second half of the 20th century. It is important to continue monitoring the evolution of these source gases and reservoirs, in support of the Montreal Protocol and also indirectly of the Kyoto Protocol. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) is a space-based instrument that has been performing regular solar occultation measurements of over 30 atmospheric gases since early 2004. In this validation paper, the HCl, HF, CFC-11 and CFC-12 version 2.2 profile data products retrieved from ACE-FTS measurements are evaluated. Volume mixing ratio profiles have been compared to observations made from space by MLS and HALOE, and from stratospheric balloons by SPIRALE, FIRS-2 and Mark-IV. Partial columns derived from the ACE-FTS data were also compared to column measurements from ground-based Fourier transform instruments operated at 12 sites. ACE-FTS data recorded from March 2004 to August 2007 have been used for the comparisons. These data are representative of a variety of atmospheric and chemical situations, with sounded air masses extending from the winter vortex to summer sub-tropical conditions. Typically, the ACE-FTS products are available in the 10–50 km altitude range for HCl and HF, and in the 7–20 and 7–25 km ranges for CFC-11 and -12, respectively. For both reservoirs, comparison results indicate an agreement generally better than 5–10% above 20 km altitude, when accounting for the known offset affecting HALOE measurements of HCl and HF. Larger positive differences are however found for comparisons with single profiles from FIRS-2 and SPIRALE. For CFCs, the few coincident measurements available suggest that the differences probably remain within ±20%.

Published
2008

34. Validation of HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS)

Author

P. Raspollini, C. Piccolo, D. Murtagh, S. Mikuteit, C. McLinden, Y. Mébarki, C. T. McElroy, G. Manney, E. Mahieu, J. Kuttippurath, H. Küllmann, I. Kramer, Y. Kasai, A. Kagawa, K. Jucks, N. Jones, N. Huret, M. Höpfner, F. Hase, J. Hannigan, D. W. T. Griffith, N. Glatthor, P. Duchatelet, W. H. Daffer, M. De Mazière, M. Coffey, T. von Clarmann, V. Catoire, S. Brohede, C. D. Boone, P. F. Bernath, E. Dupuy, M. Toohey, K. Strong, K. A. Walker, T. Kerzenmacher, M. A. Wolff, M. Ridolfi, R. Ruhnke, M. Santee, C. Senten, D. Smale, C. Tétard, J. Urban, and S. Wood

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite was launched on 12 August 2003. Its two instruments measure vertical profiles of over 30 atmospheric trace gases by analyzing solar occultation spectra in the ultraviolet/visible and infrared wavelength regions. The reservoir gases HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 are three of the key species provided by the primary instrument, the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). This paper describes the ACE-FTS version 2.2 data products, including the N2O5 update, for the three species and presents validation comparisons with available observations. We have compared volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 with measurements by other satellite instruments (SMR, MLS, MIPAS), aircraft measurements (ASUR), and single balloon-flights (SPIRALE, FIRS-2). Partial columns of HNO3 and ClONO2 were also compared with measurements by ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. Overall the quality of the ACE-FTS v2.2 HNO3 VMR profiles is good from 18 to 35 km. For the statistical satellite comparisons, the mean absolute differences are generally within ±1 ppbv ±20%) from 18 to 35 km. For MIPAS and MLS comparisons only, mean relative differences lie within±10% between 10 and 36 km. ACE-FTS HNO3 partial columns (~15–30 km) show a slight negative bias of −1.3% relative to the ground-based FTIRs at latitudes ranging from 77.8° S–76.5° N. Good agreement between ACE-FTS ClONO2 and MIPAS, using the Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung and Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK-IAA) data processor is seen. Mean absolute differences are typically within ±0.01 ppbv between 16 and 27 km and less than +0.09 ppbv between 27 and 34 km. The ClONO2 partial column comparisons show varying degrees of agreement, depending on the location and the quality of the FTIR measurements. Good agreement was found for the comparisons with the midlatitude Jungfraujoch partial columns for which the mean relative difference is 4.7%. ACE-FTS N2O5 has a low bias relative to MIPAS IMK-IAA, reaching −0.25 ppbv at the altitude of the N2O5 maximum (around 30 km). Mean absolute differences at lower altitudes (16–27 km) are typically −0.05 ppbv for MIPAS nighttime and ±0.02 ppbv for MIPAS daytime measurements.

Published
2008

35. Chemistry of sprite discharges through ion-neutral reactions

Author

Y. Hiraki, Y. Kasai, and H. Fukunishi

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We estimate the concentration changes, caused by streamer discharge in sprites, of ozone and related minor species as odd nitrogen (NOx) and hydrogen (HOx) families in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. The streamer has an intense electric field and high electron density at its head, where a large number of chemically-radical ions and atoms are produced through electron impact on neutral molecules. After its propagation, densities of minor species can be perturbed through ion-neutral chemical reactions initiated by the relaxation of these radical products. We evaluate the production rates of ions and atoms using an electron kinetics model and by assuming that the electric field and electron density are in the head region. We calculate the density variations mainly for NOx, Ox, and HOx species using a one-dimensional model of the neutral and ion composition of the middle atmosphere, including the effect of the sprite streamer. Results at the nighttime condition show that the densities of NO, O3, H, and OH increase suddenly through reactions triggered by the first atomic nitrogen and oxygen product, and electrons just after streamer initiation. It is shown that NO and NO2 still remain for 1 h by a certain order of increase with their source-sink balance, predominantly around 60 km; for other species, increases in O3, OH, HO2, and H2O2 still remain in the range of 40–70 km. From this affirmative result of long-time behavior previously not presented, we emphasize that sprites would have the power to impact local chemistry at night. We also discuss the consistency with previous theoretical and observational studies, along with future suggestions.

Published
2008

36. Validation of ACE-FTS v2.2 methane profiles from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere

Author

M. De Mazière, C. Vigouroux, P. F. Bernath, P. Baron, T. Blumenstock, C. Boone, C. Brogniez, V. Catoire, M. Coffey, P. Duchatelet, D. Griffith, J. Hannigan, Y. Kasai, I. Kramer, N. Jones, E. Mahieu, G. L. Manney, C. Piccolo, C. Randall, C. Robert, C. Senten, K. Strong, J. Taylor, C. Tétard, K. A. Walker, and S. Wood

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment – Fourier Transform Spectrometer) solar occultation instrument that was launched onboard the Canadian SCISAT-1 satellite in August 2003 is measuring vertical profiles from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere for a large number of atmospheric constituents. Methane is one of the key species. The version v2.2 data of the ACE-FTS CH4 data have been compared to correlative satellite, balloon-borne and ground-based Fourier transform infrared remote sensing data to assess their quality. The comparison results indicate that the accuracy of the data is within 10% in the upper troposphere – lower stratosphere, and within 25% in the middle and higher stratosphere up to the lower mesosphere (

Published
2008

37. CO measurements from the ACE-FTS satellite instrument: data analysis and validation using ground-based, airborne and spaceborne observations

Author

C. Clerbaux, M. George, S. Turquety, K. A. Walker, B. Barret, P. Bernath, C. Boone, T. Borsdorff, J. P. Cammas, V. Catoire, M. Coffey, P.-F. Coheur, M. Deeter, M. De Mazière, J. Drummond, P. Duchatelet, E. Dupuy, R. de Zafra, F. Eddounia, D. P. Edwards, L. Emmons, B. Funke, J. Gille, D. W. T. Griffith, J. Hannigan, F. Hase, M. Höpfner, N. Jones, A. Kagawa, Y. Kasai, I. Kramer, E. Le Flochmoën, N. J. Livesey, M. López-Puertas, M. Luo, E. Mahieu, D. Murtagh, P. Nédélec, A. Pazmino, H. Pumphrey, P. Ricaud, C. P. Rinsland, C. Robert, M. Schneider, C. Senten, G. Stiller, A. Strandberg, K. Strong, R. Sussmann, V. Thouret, J. Urban, and A. Wiacek

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) mission was launched in August 2003 to sound the atmosphere by solar occultation. Carbon monoxide (CO), a good tracer of pollution plumes and atmospheric dynamics, is one of the key species provided by the primary instrument, the ACE-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). This instrument performs measurements in both the CO 1-0 and 2-0 ro-vibrational bands, from which vertically resolved CO concentration profiles are retrieved, from the mid-troposphere to the thermosphere. This paper presents an updated description of the ACE-FTS version 2.2 CO data product, along with a comprehensive validation of these profiles using available observations (February 2004 to December 2006). We have compared the CO partial columns with ground-based measurements using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and millimeter wave radiometry, and the volume mixing ratio profiles with airborne (both high-altitude balloon flight and airplane) observations. CO satellite observations provided by nadir-looking instruments (MOPITT and TES) as well as limb-viewing remote sensors (MIPAS, SMR and MLS) were also compared with the ACE-FTS CO products. We show that the ACE-FTS measurements provide CO profiles with small retrieval errors (better than 5% from the upper troposphere to 40 km, and better than 10% above). These observations agree well with the correlative measurements, considering the rather loose coincidence criteria in some cases. Based on the validation exercise we assess the following uncertainties to the ACE-FTS measurement data: better than 15% in the upper troposphere (8–12 km), than 30% in the lower stratosphere (12–30 km), and than 25% from 30 to 100 km.

Published
2008

38. Characteristics and error estimation of stratospheric ozone and ozone-related species over Poker Flat (65° N, 147° W), Alaska observed by a ground-based FTIR spectrometer from 2001 to 2003

Author

K. Mizutani, Y. Murayama, F. Murcray, K. Seki, M. Yamamori, N. B. Jones, Y. Kasai, A. Kagawa, and T. Itabe

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

It is important to obtain the year-to-year trend of stratospheric minor species in the context of global changes. An important example is the trend in global ozone depletion. The purpose of this paper is to report the accuracy and precision of measurements of stratospheric chemical species that are made at our Poker Flat site in Alaska (65° N, 147° W). Since 1999, minor atmospheric molecules have been observed using a Fourier-Transform solar-absorption infrared Spectrometer (FTS) at Poker Flat. Vertical profiles of the abundances of ozone, HNO3, HCl, and HF for the period from 2001 to 2003 were retrieved from FTS spectra using Rodgers' formulation of the Optimal Estimation Method (OEM). The accuracy and precision of the retrievals were estimated by formal error analysis. Errors for the total column were estimated to be 5.3%, 3.4%, 5.9%, and 5.3% for ozone, HNO3, HCl, and HF, respectively. The ozone vertical profiles were in good agreement with profiles derived from collocated ozonesonde measurements that were smoothed with averaging kernel functions that had been obtained with the retrieval procedure used in the analysis of spectra from the ground-based FTS (gb-FTS). The O3, HCl, and HF columns that were retrieved from the FTS measurements were consistent with Earth Probe/Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) data over Alaska within the error limits of all the respective datasets. This is the first report from the Poker Flat FTS observation site on a number of stratospheric gas profiles including a comprehensive error analysis.

Published
2007

39. Annual variation of strato-mesospheric carbon monoxide measured by ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectrometry

Author

V. Velazco, S. W. Wood, M. Sinnhuber, I. Kramer, N. B. Jones, Y. Kasai, J. Notholt, T. Warneke, T. Blumenstock, F. Hase, F. J. Murcray, and O. Schrems

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We present long-term time-series of strato-mesospheric CO vertical columns measured from stations located in Antarctica, mid-latitudes and the Arctic, covering the period from 1997–2005. The instrument and the measurement technique allows the separation of tropospheric and strato-mesospheric contributions to the CO column, therefore providing information on the chemistry and dynamics both at low and high altitudes. Data from polar stations show a similar annual variability of strato-mesospheric CO with a strong maximum in late winter and spring. A small enhancement in late summer for some stations, which we call the "summer bulge", can be seen occasionally. Generally, the mid-latitude stations show no significant annual variability of strato-mesospheric CO columns. Measurements were compared with a two-dimensional chemistry-transport model of the middle atmosphere. The annual and latitudinal variations of CO are reproduced well by a model run including thermospheric CO. Comparison with two model scenarios show that the polar winter maximum is due solely to downward transport of thermospheric CO, while CHOx chemistry in the stratosphere could probably contribute to the summer maximum.

Published
2007

40. Molecular epidemiology of meticillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in the neonatal intensive care unit

Author

Y, Toyama, K, Hisata, Y, Kasai, S, Nakano, M, Komatsu, and T, Shimizu

Subjects
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Microbiology (medical), Staphylococcus aureus, Molecular Epidemiology, Cross Infection, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, Staphylococcal Infections, Methicillin, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Humans, Phylogeny, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus - both meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and meticillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) - is a major cause of neonatal infections. Infection control measures have not lowered the incidence of MSSA infections to the same degree as that of MRSA infections.To investigate the transmission pathway of MSSA in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using genetic analysis.Neonatal patients, their parents, and healthcare workers were swab-tested in the NICU at our hospital at the time of hospitalization and then every month thereafter from October 1There were 16 MSSA-positive patients. Four MSSA-positive patients shared strains from the same phylogenetic groups as those of healthcare workers. One presented the same strain as the parent. MSSA-positive twin neonates shared the same strain. Ten had sporadic strains; 32 of the 97 tested healthcare workers were MSSA positive.The findings of this study suggest that the route of transmission of MSSA in NICU may be through MSSA in the hospital environment in addition to horizontal transmission via healthcare workers. Along with hand hygiene with alcohol, thorough environmental maintenance and parental education are important for infection control in NICUs targeting MSSA.

Published
2022

41. Deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE) near detector conceptual design report

Author

Abud, A.A. Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M.A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Aduszkiewicz, A. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S.A. Alrashed, M. Alt, C. Alton, A. Amedo, P. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M.P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Anfimov, N. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L.O. Arroyave, M.A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. Autiero, D. Ayala-Torres, M. Azfar, F. Back, A. Back, H. Back, J.J. Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagaturia, I. Bagby, L. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Baller, B. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G.J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Monarca, J.B. Barros, N. Barrow, J.L. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Belchior, E. Battat, J.B.R. Battisti, F. Bay, F. Alba, J.L.B. Beacom, J.F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Neves, F.B. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R.M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Rodríguez, A.B. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuller, S. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Blaszczyk, F.D.M. Blazey, G.C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bomben, L. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Bourgeois, C. Boyd, S.B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S.J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Brunetti, M. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Cagnoli, I. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Cankocak, K. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Terrazas, I.C. Carranza, H. Carroll, T. Castaño Forero, J.F. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Catano-Mur, E. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Villanueva, A.C. Chalifour, M. Chappell, A. Chardonnet, E. Charitonidis, N. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Chisnall, G. Cho, K. Choate, S. Chokheli, D. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Chukanov, A. Church, E. Cicero, V. Clarke, P. Coan, T.E. Cocco, A.G. Coelho, J.A.B. Conley, E. Conley, R. Conrad, J.M. Convery, M. Copello, S. Corwin, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadón, J.I. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cudd, A. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. Dalager, O. Da Motta, H. Da Silva Peres, L. David, C. David, Q. Davies, G.S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. De Almeida, R.M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. Decowski, M.P. De Gouvêa, A. De Holanda, P.C. De Icaza Astiz, I.L. Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. Delgado, M. Dell’Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. De Mello Neto, J.R.T. De Muth, D.M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G.W. De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Souza, G. Dharmapalan, R. Diaz, F. Díaz, J.S. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolan, S. Dolinski, M.J. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Douillet, D. Drake, G. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D.A. Dyshkant, A.S. Eads, M. Earle, A. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emberger, L. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C.O. Eurin, G. Evans, J.J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A.C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Carneiro Da Silva, M.F. Fernandez-Martinez, E. Fernandez Menendez, P. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filthaut, F. Fiorentini, A. Fitzpatrick, R.S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. Flight, R. Forero, D.V. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A.P. Gabrielli, A. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallas, A. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, F. Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. García-Peris, M.Á. Gardiner, S. Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I. Gilligan, S. Girerd, C. Giri, A.K. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R.A. Gomez Bermeo, L.V. Gomez Fajardo, L.S. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J.A. Gonzalez-Diaz, D. Gonzalez-Lopez, M. Goodman, M.C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gran, R. Granados, E. Granger, P. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. Green, P. Greenler, L. Greer, J. Griffith, W.C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V. Guenette, R. Guerard, E. Guerzoni, M. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. Guthikonda, K.K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M.M. Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haiston, J. Hamacher-Baumann, P. Hamernik, T. Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harris, D.A. Hartnell, J. Harton, J. Hasegawa, T. Hasnip, C. Hatcher, R. Hatfield, K.W. Hatzikoutelis, A. Hayes, C. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. Heeger, K.M. Heise, J. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Hernandez Morquecho, M.A. Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hewes, J. Higuera, A. Hill, T. Hillier, S.J. Himmel, A. Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G.A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Ilic, N. Iliescu, A.M. Illingworth, R. Ingratta, G. Ioannisian, A. Isenhower, L. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. Jackson, S. Jain, V. James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jena, D. Jeong, Y.S. Jesús-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jiménez, S. Jipa, A. Johnson, R. Johnston, N. Jones, B. Jones, S.B. Judah, M. Jung, C.K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I. Kakorin, I. Kamiya, F. Kaneshige, N. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S.P. Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K.J. Kemp, E. Kemularia, O. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S.H. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L.W. Kohn, S. Koller, P.P. Kolupaeva, L. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecký, V.A. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V.A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, P. Kumar, R. Kunze, P. Kurita, N. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Land, B. Lande, K. Lane, C.E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Larkin, J. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Laurenti, G. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. Lazur, R. Le, T. Leardini, S. Learned, J. Lebrun, P. Lecompte, T. Lehmann Miotto, G. Lehnert, R. Leigui De Oliveira, M.A. Leitner, M. Li, L. Li, S.W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C.S. Lin, Q. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B.R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. Losecco, J.M. Louis, W.C. Lu, X.-G. Luk, K.B. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V.P. Macfarlane, D. Machado, A.A. Machado, P. Macias, C.T. Macier, J.R. Maddalena, A. Madera, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. Major, A. Maloney, J.A. Mandrioli, G. Mandujano, R.C. Maneira, J. Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Manrique Plata, M. Manyam, V.N. Manzanillas, L. Marchan, M. Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marie, R. Marinho, F. Marino, A.D. Marsden, D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C.M. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Martinez Caicedo, D.A. Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. Mawby, I. Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McAskill, T. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. McFarland, K.S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. Méndez, D.P. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M.D. Metcalf, W. Mettler, T. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Mikola, V. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O.G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C.S. Mishra, S.R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T.A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. Molina Bueno, L. Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montagna, E. Montano Zetina, L.M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A.F. Moreno, D. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C.A. Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. Munford, D. Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. Navas-Nicolás, D. Navrer-Agasson, A. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Negishi, K. Nelson, J.K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Newton, H. Niccolo, M. Nichol, R. Nicolas-Arnaldos, F. Nicoletta, M. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. Nowak, J.A. Oberling, M. Ochoa-Ricoux, J.P. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, A. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palacio, G. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J.M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Palomino-Gallo, J.L. Pantic, E. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, V. Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. Patterson, R.B. Patton, S.J. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V. Peeters, S.J.M. Pennacchio, E. Penzo, A. Peres, O.L.G. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Plunkett, R. Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Poppi, F. Pordes, S. Porter, J. Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, B.V.K.S. Pozimski, J. Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. Pugnere, D. Qian, X. Queiroga Bazetto, M.C. Raaf, J.L. Radeka, V. Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Rafique, A. Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I. Rakotonandrasana, A. Rakotondravohitra, L. Ramachers, Y.A. Rameika, R. Ramirez Delgado, M.A. Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Raut, S. Razakamiandra, R.F. Real, J.S. Rebel, B. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S.D. Rejeb Sfar, H. Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Riccio, C. Riccobene, G. Rice, L.C.J. Ricol, J. Rigamonti, A. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. Rodrigues, P. Rodriguez Alonso, M.J. Rodriguez Bonilla, E. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rosenberg, M. Rosier, P. Roskovec, B. Rossella, M. Rout, J. Roy, P. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Rubio, F.C. Russell, B. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. Sahay, R. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Samoylov, O. Sanchez, M.C. Sanders, D.A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I. Savage, G. Savinov, V. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. Sensenig, J. Seong, I. Sergi, A. Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M.H. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. Sharankova, R. Sharma, H.R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simon, F. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Sipos, R. Sippach, F.W. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas, K. Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snider, E.L. Snopok, P. Soares Nunes, M. Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Solano Salinas, C.J. Söldner-Rembold, S. Soleti, S. Solomey, N. Solovov, V. Sondheim, W.E. Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N.J.C. Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Stanley, R. Stein, R. Steiner, H.M. Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Suarez, J.G. Sullivan, H. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V. Suter, L. Sutera, C.M. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A.M. Talaga, R. Tanaka, H.A. Oregui, B.T. Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A.M. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C.A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J.L. Thorn, C. Timm, S.C. Todd, J. Tonazzo, A. Torbunov, D. Torti, M. Tortola, M. Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. Tosi, N. Travaglini, R. Trevor, J. Trilov, S. Trzaska, W.H. Tsai, Y.T. Tsamalaidze, Z. Tsang, K.V. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. Tzanov, M. Uchida, M.A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. Uzunyan, S. Vagins, M.R. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G.A. Valencia, E. Valerio, P. Vallari, Z. Valle, J.W.F. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. Van De Water, R.G. Varanini, F. Vargas, D. Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasina, S. Vasseur, G. Vaughan, N. Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M.A. Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, M. Vieira De Souza, H. Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, A.V. Wallbank, M. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, M.H.L.S. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. White, A. Whitehead, L.H. Whittington, D. Wilking, M.J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R.J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. Wood, A. Wood, K. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yandel, E. Yang, G. Yang, K. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yankelevich, A. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yuan, W. Zaki, R. Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeit, G. Zeller, G.P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zilberman, P. Zimmerman, E.D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V. Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Published
2021

42. Prospects for beyond the Standard Model physics searches at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment DUNE Collaboration

Author

Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M. A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. and Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S. Alonso Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M. P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L. O. Arroyave, M. A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. and Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J. J. and Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. and Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. and Barenboim, G. Barker, G. J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. and Barr, G. Monarca, J. Barranco Barros, N. Barrow, J. L. and Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Bay, F. Alba, J. L. Bazo Beacom, J. F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. and Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. and Benekos, N. Neves, F. Bento Berger, J. Berkman, S. and Bernardini, P. Berner, R. M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. and Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuyan, B. and Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. and Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Siffert, B. Blanco and Blaszczyk, F. D. M. Blazey, G. C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. and Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. and Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. and Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S. B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. and Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S. J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. and Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. and Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Caratelli, D. and Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Terrazas, I. Caro and Carranza, H. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Cattadori, C. and Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Villanueva, A. Cervera Chalifour, M. Chang, C. and Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. and Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. and Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Cho, K. Choubey, S. and Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Church, E. and Clarke, P. Coan, T. E. Cocco, A. G. Coelho, J. A. B. and Conley, E. Conrad, J. M. Convery, M. Corwin, L. Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadon, J. I. and Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. and Dabrowski, M. da Motta, H. Peres, L. Da Silva David, C. and David, Q. Davies, G. S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. and De Almeida, R. M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. Decowski, M. P. de Gouvea, A. De Holanda, P. C. De Icaza Astiz, I. L. and Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. and Delgado, M. Dell'Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. de Mello Neto, J. R. T. DeMuth, D. M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. and De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Vries, J. J. Dharmapalan, R. Dias, M. Diaz, F. Diaz, J. S. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. and Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M. J. and Domine, L. Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. 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Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model (SM). Of the many potential beyond the Standard Model (BSM) topics DUNE will probe, this paper presents a selection of studies quantifying DUNE's sensitivities to sterile neutrino mixing, heavy neutral leptons, non-standard interactions, CPT symmetry violation, Lorentz invariance violation, neutrino trident production, dark matter from both beam induced and cosmogenic sources, baryon number violation, and other new physics topics that complement those at high-energy colliders and significantly extend the present reach.

Published
2021

43. Supernova neutrino burst detection with the deep underground neutrino experiment: DUNE Collaboration

Author

Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M.A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Alonso Monsalve, S. Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M.P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L.O. Arroyave, M.A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J.J. Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G.J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Barranco Monarca, J. Barros, N. Barrow, J.L. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Bay, F. Alba, J.L.B. Beacom, J.F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Bento Neves, F. Berger, J. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R.M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Blanco Siffert, B. 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Karagiorgi, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S.P. Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K.J. Kemp, E. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S.H. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L.W. Kohn, S. Koller, P.P. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecký, V.A. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V.A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, R. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Lande, K. Lane, C.E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. LaZur, R. Le, T. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. Lehmann Miotto, G. Lehnert, R. Leigui de Oliveira, M.A. Leitner, M. Leyton, M. Li, L. Li, S. Li, S.W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C.S. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B.R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. LoSecco, J.M. Louis, W.C. Luk, K.B. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V.P. MacFarland, D. Machado, A.A. Machado, P. Macias, C.T. Macier, J.R. Maddalena, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. Major, A. Maloney, J.A. Mandrioli, G. Maneira, J. Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Manrique Plata, M. Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marinho, F. Marino, A.D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Martinez Caicedo, D.A. Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. McFarland, K.S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mellinato, M. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M.D. Metcalf, W. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O.G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C.S. Mishra, S.R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. 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Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V. Zwaska, R.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

The deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino flavor component of the burst of neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The general capabilities of DUNE for neutrino detection in the relevant few- to few-tens-of-MeV neutrino energy range will be described. As an example, DUNE’s ability to constrain the νe spectral parameters of the neutrino burst will be considered. © 2021, The Author(s).

Published
2021

44. Searching for solar KDAR with DUNE

Author

Abud, A. Abed Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M. A. Adames, M. R. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Aduszkiewicz, A. and Aguilar, J. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, B. and Alion, T. Allison, K. Monsalve, S. Alonso Alrashed, M. and Alt, C. Alton, A. Amedo, P. Anderson, J. and Andreopoulos, C. Andreotti, M. Andrews, M. P. Andrianala, F. and Andringa, S. Anfimov, N. Ankowski, A. Antoniassi, M. and Antonova, M. Antoshkin, A. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. and Ariga, A. Arnold, L. O. Arroyave, M. A. Asaadi, J. and Asquith, L. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V Autiero, D. and Ayala-Torres, M. Azfar, F. Back, A. Back, H. Back, J. J. and Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagaturia, I Bagby, L. and Balashov, N. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Baller, B. and Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G. J. and Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Barranco Monarca, J. and Barros, A. Barros, N. Barrow, J. L. Basharina-Freshville, A. and Bashyal, A. Basque, V Belchior, E. Battat, J. B. R. and Battisti, F. Bay, F. Bazo Alba, J. L. Beacom, J. F. and Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. and Bellini, V Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. and Benitez Montiel, C. Neves, F. Bento Berger, J. Berkman, S. and Bernardini, P. Berner, R. M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. and Betancourt, M. Betancur Rodriguez, A. Bevan, A. Bezerra, T. J. C. Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuller, S. and Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. and Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Blaszczyk, F. D. M. Blazey, G. C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. and Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bomben, L. Bonesini, M. and Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Boran, F. and Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Bourgeois, C. Boyd, S. B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. and Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Branca, A. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S. J. Brizzolari, C. and Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. and Brunetti, G. Brunetti, M. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. 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Henry, S. Morquecho, M. A. Hernandez and Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hewes, J. Higuera, A. Hill, T. and Hillier, S. J. Himmel, A. Hirsch, L. R. Ho, J. Hoff, J. and Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G. A. Hostert, M. and Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. Hristova, I Hronek, M. S. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Ilic, N. Iliescu, A. M. Illingworth, R. Ingratta, G. and Ioannisian, A. Isenhower, L. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. and Jackson, C. M. Jain, V James, E. Jang, W. Jargowsky, B. and Jediny, F. Jena, D. Jeong, Y. S. Jesus-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jimenez, S. Jipa, A. Johnson, R. and Johnston, N. Jones, B. Jones, S. B. Judah, M. Jung, C. K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. and Kadenko, I Kalra, D. Kakorin, I Kalitkina, A. Kamiya, F. and Kaneshige, N. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, G. Karcher, A. and Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S. P. and Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K. J. Kemp, E. Kemularia, O. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S. H. and Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. and King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. and Koerner, L. W. Kohn, S. Koller, P. P. Kolupaeva, L. and Korablev, D. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecky, V. A. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I Kropp, W. and Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V. A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. and Kumar, P. Kunze, P. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V Kutter, T. and Kvasnicka, J. Kwak, D. Lambert, A. Land, B. J. Lande, K. and Lane, C. E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Langstaff, M. and Larkin, J. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Laurenti, G. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I LaZur, R. and Lazzaroni, M. Le, T. Leardini, S. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. and LeCompte, T. Lee, C. Lee, S. Y. Miotto, G. Lehmann and Lehnert, R. de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui Leitner, M. Lepin, L. M. Li, L. Li, S. W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C. S. Lin, Q. Lin, S. Ling, J. Lister, A. and Littlejohn, B. R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. and Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I Long, K. Loo, K. Lord, T. and LoSecco, J. M. Louis, W. C. Lu, X-G Luk, K. B. Luo, X. and Luppi, E. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V. P. and MacFarlane, D. Machado, A. A. Machado, P. Macias, C. T. and Macier, J. R. Maddalena, A. Madera, A. Madigan, P. and Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. Major, A. Maloney, J. A. and Mandrioli, G. Mandujano, R. C. Maneira, J. Manenti, L. and Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Plata, M. Manrique and Manyam, V. N. Manzanillas, L. Marchan, M. Marchionni, A. and Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. and Marie, R. Marinho, F. Marino, A. D. Marsden, D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C. M. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Caicedo, D. A. Martinez Martynenko, S. and Mascagna, V Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matichard, F. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. and Mavrokoridis, K. Mawby, I Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. and Mazzucato, E. McAskill, T. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. and McFarland, K. S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. and Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. and Mendez, P. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M. D. and Metcalf, W. Mettler, T. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. and Michna, G. Miedema, T. Mikola, V Milincic, R. Miller, G. and Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O. G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C. S. Mishra, S. R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I Moffat, K. Moggi, N. and Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T. A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. Bueno, L. Molina Montagna, E. Montanari, A. Montanari, C. and Montanari, D. Zetina, L. M. Montano Moon, J. Moon, S. H. and Mooney, M. Moor, A. F. Moreno, D. Morris, C. Mossey, C. and Motuk, E. Moura, C. A. Mousseau, J. Mouster, G. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. Mufson, S. and Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. Munford, D. Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. and Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. and Nath, A. Navas-Nicolas, D. Navrer-Agasson, A. Nayak, N. and Nebot-Guinot, M. Negishi, K. Nelson, J. K. Nesbit, J. and Nessi, M. Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Newton, H. Nichol, R. Nicolas-Arnaldos, F. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. and Nowak, J. A. Oberling, M. Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P. Del Campo, A. Olivares Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, A. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palacio, G. and Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J. M. Pallavicini, M. and Palomares, C. Palomino-Gallo, J. L. Vazquez, W. Panduro and Pantic, E. Paolone, V Papadimitriou, V Papaleo, R. and Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. Parozzi, E. and Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. and Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. and Patterson, R. B. Patton, S. J. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. and Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V Peeters, S. J. M. Pennacchio, E. Penzo, A. and Peres, O. L. G. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. and Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Pia, V Piastra, F. and Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Plunkett, R. Poling, R. and Pons, X. 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Roskovec, B. and Rossella, M. Rossi, M. Rott, C. Rout, J. Roy, P. and Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Rubio, F. C. Russell, B. and Ruterbories, D. Rybnikov, A. Saa-Hernandez, A. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. Sahu, N. Sala, P. and Samios, N. Samoylov, O. Sanchez, M. C. Sandberg, V and Sanders, D. A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. and Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I and Savage, G. Savinov, V Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. and Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schifano, S. and Schlabach, P. Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. and Segreto, E. Selyunin, A. Senise, C. R. Sensenig, J. and Seoane, M. Seong, I Sergi, A. Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M. H. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. Sharankova, R. Sharma, H. R. and Sharma, R. Kumar, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Sheshukov, A. Shin, S. Shoemaker, I Shooltz, D. and Shrock, R. Siegel, H. Simard, L. Simon, F. Sinclair, J. and Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, L. Singh, V and Sipos, R. Sippach, F. W. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas, K. Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. and Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snider, E. L. Snopok, P. and Snowden-Ifft, D. Nunes, M. Soares Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. and Sokolov, S. Solano Salinas, C. J. Soldner-Rembold, S. and Soleti, S. R. Solomey, N. Solovov, V Sondheim, W. E. and Sorel, M. Sotnikov, A. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. and Soustruznik, K. Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. and Spooner, N. J. C. Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. and Stanco, L. Stanley, R. Stein, R. Steiner, H. M. Lisboa, A. F. Steklain Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. and Stocker, F. Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Suarez, J. G. Sullivan, H. Summers, D. and Surdo, A. Susic, V Suter, L. Sutera, C. M. Svoboda, R. and Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A. M. Tanaka, H. A. Oregui, B. Tapia Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. and Teklu, A. M. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C. A. and Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thakore, T. Thea, A. Thompson, J. L. Thorn, C. Timm, S. C. 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Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. and Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. White, A. Whitehead, L. H. and Whittington, D. Wilking, M. J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. and Wilson, F. Wilson, R. J. Wisniewski, W. Wolcott, J. and Wongjirad, T. Wood, A. Wood, K. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Xie, F. and Yandel, E. Yang, G. Yang, K. Yang, S. Yang, T. and Yankelevich, A. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, H. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yuan, W. Zaki, R. and Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeller, G. P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. and Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zilberman, P. Zimmerman, E. D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V and Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The observation of 236 MeV muon neutrinos from kaon-decay-at-rest (KDAR) originating in the core of the Sun would provide a unique signature of dark matter annihilation. Since excellent angle and energy reconstruction are necessary to detect this monoenergetic, directional neutrino flux, DUNE with its vast volume and reconstruction capabilities, is a promising candidate for a KDAR neutrino search. In this work, we evaluate the proposed KDAR neutrino search strategies by realistically modeling both neutrino-nucleus interactions and the response of DUNE. We find that, although reconstruction of the neutrino energy and direction is difficult with current techniques in the relevant energy range, the superb energy resolution, angular resolution, and particle identification offered by DUNE can still permit great signal/background discrimination. Moreover, there are non-standard scenarios in which searches at DUNE for KDAR in the Sun can probe dark matter interactions.

Published
2021

45. Volume IV The DUNE far detector single-phase technology

Author

Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M. A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. and Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S. Alonso Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. and Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L. O. and Arroyave, M. A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V and Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J. J. Backhouse, C. and Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. Balasubramanian, S. and Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G. and Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Barranco Monarca, J. and Barros, N. Barrow, J. L. Bashyal, A. Basque, V Bay, F. Bazo Alba, J. Beacom, J. F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Neves, F. Bento Berger, J. and Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R. M. Berns, H. and Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. and Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. and Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Siffert, B. Blanco Blaszczyk, F. Blazey, G. Blucher, E. and Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bonesini, M. and Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. and Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S. and Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. and Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S. J. and Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. and Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. and Calvo, E. Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. and Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. and Terrazas, I. Caro Carranza, H. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. and Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. and Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, A. Chalifour, M. and Chang, C. Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Cho, K. and Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. and Church, E. Clarke, P. Coan, T. E. Cocco, A. G. and Coelho, J. Conley, E. Conrad, J. Convery, M. Corwin, L. and Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadon, I, J. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. and Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. Da Motta, H. Peres, L. Da Silva and David, Q. Davies, G. S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. and De Almeida, R. M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I Decowski, M. and De Gouvea, A. De Holanda, P. C. Astiz, I. L. De Icaza and Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. and Delgado, M. Dell'Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. De Mello Neto, J. R. DeMuth, D. M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. and De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V De Vries, J. Dharmapalan, R. and Dias, M. Diaz, F. Diaz, J. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. and Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M. Domine, L. and Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D. and Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emery, S. and Ereditato, A. Escobar, C. Sanchez, L. Escudero Evans, J. J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A. C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. and Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Fernandez-Martinez, E. and Fernandez Menendez, P. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filkins, A. and Filthaut, F. Fitzpatrick, R. S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. and Flight, R. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. and Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. and Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I Furmanski, A. P. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V and Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. and Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Peris, M. A. Gardiner, S. and Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. and Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I Girerd, C. Giri, A. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. and Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R. A. Gomez Bermeo, L. and Gomez Fajardo, L. S. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J. and Goodman, M. C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. and Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gramellini, E. Gran, R. Granados, E. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. and Green, P. Green, S. Greenler, L. Greenwood, M. Greer, J. and Griffith, C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V Guenette, R. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. and Guthikonda, K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M. M. and Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hackenburg, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haigh, J. Haiston, J. Hamernik, T. and Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harder, K. Harris, D. A. Hartnell, J. Hasegawa, T. Hatcher, R. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. and Heeger, K. M. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Hernandez Morquecho, M. and Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hesam, A. S. Hewes, J. and Pichardo, A. Higuera Hill, T. Hillier, S. J. Himmel, A. and Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G. A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. and Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Iliescu, A. M. and Illingworth, R. Ioannisian, A. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. and James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jesus-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jimenez, S. Jipa, A. Joglekar, A. and Johnson, C. Johnson, R. Jones, B. Jones, S. Jung, C. and Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I and Kamiya, F. Karagiorgi, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. and Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S. P. Kashur, L. and Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K. J. Kemp, E. and Ketchum, W. Kettell, S. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. and Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. and Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L. W. Kohn, S. and Koller, P. P. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecky, V Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I Kudenko, Y. and Kudryavtsev, V Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, R. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Lande, K. Lane, C. E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Lasorak, P. Last, D. and Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I LaZur, R. Le, T. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. Miotto, G. Lehmann and Lehnert, R. de Oliveira, M. Leigui Leitner, M. Leyton, M. and Li, L. Li, S. Li, S. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. and Lin, C. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B. R. Liu, J. and Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I Long, K. and Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. LoSecco, J. Louis, W. C. and Luk, K. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V. P. and MacFarland, D. Machado, A. Machado, P. Macias, C. and Macier, J. Maddalena, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. and Maio, A. Maloney, J. A. Mandrioli, G. Maneira, J. C. and Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Plata, M. Manrique Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. and Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marinho, F. Marino, A. D. and Marshak, M. Marshall, C. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. and Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Caicedo, D. A. Martinez and Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. and Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, E. and McConkey, N. McFarland, K. S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. and Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mellinato, M. Mena, O. and Menary, S. Mendez, H. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. and Messier, M. Metcalf, W. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. and Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O. G. and Miryala, S. Mishra, C. Mishra, S. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. and Mohayai, T. A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. A. Bueno, L. Molina and Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montano Zetina, L. M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A. Moreno, D. Morgan, B. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C. A. and Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. and Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. and Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. and Navas-Nicolas, D. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Necib, L. and Negishi, K. Nelson, J. K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. and Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Nichol, R. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. and Nowak, J. A. Oberling, M. Del Campo, A. Olivares Olivier, A. and Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J. M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Pantic, E. Paolone, V Papadimitriou, V and Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. and Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. and Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. and Patterson, R. B. Patton, S. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. and Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V Peeters, S. J. Penichot, Y. Pennacchio, E. and Penzo, A. Peres, O. L. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. and Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. and Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Pillow, J. Plunkett, R. and Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Pordes, S. and Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, V, B. Pozimski, J. and Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. Prior, G. and Pugnere, D. Qi, K. Qian, X. Raaf, J. Raboanary, R. and Radeka, V Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Rafique, A. and Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I and Rakotondramanana, H. Rakotondravohitra, L. Ramachers, Y. and Rameika, R. Ramirez Delgado, M. Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. and Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Ravat, S. Razafinime, H. Real, J. and Rebel, B. Redondo, D. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. and Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S. D. Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. and Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Riccobene, G. Rice, L. C. and Rielage, K. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. and Rodrigues, P. Alonso, M. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Rodriguez and Roeth, A. Rogers, H. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rossella, M. and Rout, J. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Russell, B. and Russell, J. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. and Safford, T. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Sanchez, M. and Sanders, D. A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. and Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I and Savage, G. Savinov, V Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. and Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. and Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. and Sensenig, J. Seong, I Sergi, A. Sergiampietri, F. and Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. and Sharma, H. R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V Sipos, R. Sippach, F. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. and Siyeon, K. Smargianaki, D. Smith, A. Smith, A. Smith, E. and Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snopok, P. Nunes, M. Soares Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Solano Salinas, C. J. and Soldner-Rembold, S. Solomey, N. Solovov, V Sondheim, W. E. and Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. and Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N. J. and Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Steiner, H. Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. and Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V Suter, L. Sutera, C. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A. Talaga, R. and Tanaka, H. Oregui, B. Tapia Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C. A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J. L. and Thorn, C. Timm, S. Tonazzo, A. Torti, M. Tortola, M. and Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. and Trevor, J. Trzaska, W. H. Tsai, Y. T. Tsamalaidze, Z. and Tsang, K. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. and Tzanov, M. Uchida, M. A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. and Vagins, M. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G. Valencia, E. and Vallari, Z. Valle, J. W. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. Van de Water, R. G. Forero, D. Vanegas Varanini, F. Vargas, D. and Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasseur, G. Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M. A. Verzocchi, M. de Souza, H. Vieira Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. and Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, V, A. Wallbank, M. and Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. and Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. While, M. R. White, A. Whitehead, L. H. and Whittington, D. Wilking, M. J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R. J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. and Wood, K. Wood, L. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yang, G. Yang, T. and Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, J. and Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeller, G. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zimmerman, E. D. Zito, M. and Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration

Published
2020

46. Volume I. Introduction to DUNE

Author

Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M. A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. and Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S. Alonso Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. and Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L. O. and Arroyave, M. A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. and Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J. J. Backhouse, C. and Baesso, P. Bayby, L. Bajou, R. Balasubramanian, S. and Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenhoim, G. Barker, G. and Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Monarca, J. Barranco and Barros, N. Barrow, J. L. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Bay, F. Alba, J. Bazo Beacom, J. F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. and Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benckos, N. Neves, F. Bento and Berger, J. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R. M. and Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. and Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. and Biassoni, M. Bierv, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. and Blake, A. Siffert, B. Blanco Blaszczyk, F. Blazey, G. and Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. and Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. and Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S. Bovden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. and Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S. J. Brizzolari, C. Bromherg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. and Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calaftura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. and Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. and Campanelli, M. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. and Carniti, P. Terrazas, I. Caro Carranza, H. Castillo, A. and Castromonte, C. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. and Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, A. and Chalifour, M. Chang, C. Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. and Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. and Cho, K. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. and Christodoulou, G. Church, E. Clarke, P. Coan, T. E. and Cocco, A. G. Coelho, J. Conley, E. Conrad, J. Convery, M. Corwin, L. Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. and Crespo-Anadon, J. I. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. and Cui, Y. Cussans, D. Dahrowski, M. Da Motta, H. Da Silva Peres, L. David, Q. Davies, G. S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. and De, K. De Almeida, R. M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. and Decowski, M. De Gouvea, A. De Holanda, P. C. Astiz, I. L. De Icaza Deistin, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. and Delgado, M. Dell'Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. De Mello Neto, J. R. DeMuth, D. M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. and De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Vries, J. Dharmapalan, R. and Dias, M. Diaz, F. Diaz, J. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. and Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. and Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D. and Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C. Escudero Sanchez, L. Evans, J. J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A. C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. and Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Fernandez-Martinez, E. and Menendez, P. Fernandez Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filkins, A. and Filthaut, F. Fitzpatrick, R. S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. and Flight, R. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. and Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. and Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A. P. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. and Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. and Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Peris, M. A. Gardiner, S. and Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. and Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, L. Girerd, C. Giri, A. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. and Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R. A. Bermeo, L. Gomez and Fajardo, L. S. Gomez Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J. and Goodman, M. C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. and Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gramellini, E. Gran, R. Granados, E. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. and Green, P. Green, S. Greenler, L. Greenwood, M. Greer, J. and Griffith, C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V. Guenette, R. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. and Guthikonda, K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M. M. and Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hackenburg, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haigh, J. Haiston, J. Hamernik, T. and Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harder, K. Harris, D. A. Hartnell, J. Hasegawa, T. Hatcher, R. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. and Heeger, K. M. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Morquecho, Vi. Hernandez Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hesam, A. S. Hewes, J. and Pichardo, A. Higuera Hill, T. Hillier, S. J. Himmel, A. and Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G. A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. and Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Iliescu, A. M. and Illingworth, R. Ioannisian, A. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. and James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jesus-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jimenez, S. Jipa, A. Joglekar, A. and Johnson, C. Johnson, R. Jones, B. Jones, S. Jung, C. and Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I. and Kamiya, F. Karagiorgi, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. and Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S. P. Kashur, L. and Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K. J. Kemp, E. and Ketchum, W. Kettell, S. Kliabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. and Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. and Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L. W. Kohn, S. and Koller, P. P. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecky, V. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. and Kudryavtsev, V. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, R. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. Kutter, T. Lamhert, A. Lande, K. Lane, C. E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Lasorak, P. Last, D. and Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. LaZur, R. Le, T. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. Miotto, G. Lehmann and Lehnert, R. de Oliveira, M. Leigui Leitner, M. Leyton, M. and Li, L. Li, S. Li, S. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. and Lin, C. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B. R. Liu, J. and Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. and Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. LoSecco, J. Louis, W. C. and Luk, K. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V. P. and MacFarland, D. Machado, A. Machado, P. Macias, C. and Macier, J. Maddalena, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. and Maio, A. Maloney, J. A. Mandrioli, G. Maneira, J. C. and Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Plata, M. Manrique Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. and Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marinho, F. Marino, A. D. and Marshak, M. Marshall, C. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. and Martin-Alho, J. Martinez, N. Caicedo, D. A. Martinez and Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Masthaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. and Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, E. and McConkey, N. McFarland, K. S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. and Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mellinato, V. Mena, O. and Mcnary, S. Mendez, H. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. and Messier, V. Metcalf, W. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. and Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O. G. and Miryala, S. Mishra, C. Mishra, S. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. and Mohayai, T. A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. A. Bueno, L. Molina and Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montano Zetina, L. M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A. Moreno, D. Morgan, B. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C. A. and Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. and Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. and Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. and Navas-Nicolas, D. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Necib, L. and Negishi, K. Nelson, J. K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. and Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Nichol, R. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. and Nowak, J. A. Oberling, M. Del Campo, A. Olivares Olivier, A. and Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J. M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Pantic, E. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, V. Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. and Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. and Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. and Patterson, R. B. Patton, S. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. and Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V. Peeters, S. J. Penichot, Y. Pennacchio, E. and Penzo, A. Peres, O. L. Perry, J. Pershey, D. and Pessina, G. Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. and Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Pillows, J. Plunkett, R. and Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Pordes, S. and Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, B. V. Pozimski, J. and Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. Prior, G. and Pugnere, D. Qi, K. Qian, X. Raaf, J. Raboanary, R. and Radeka, V. Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Rafique, A. and Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajarialisoa, M. Rakhno, I. and Rakotondramanana, H. Rakotondravollitra, L. Ramachers, Y. and Rameika, R. Delgado, Vi. Ramirez Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. and Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Ravat, S. Razafinime, H. Real, J. and Rebel, B. Redondo, D. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. and Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S. D. Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. and Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Riccobene, G. Rice, L. C. and Rielage, K. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. and Rodrigues, P. Alonso, M. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Rodriguez and Roeth, A. Rogers, H. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rossella, M. and Rout, J. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Russell, B. and Russell, J. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. and Safford, T. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Sanchez, M. and Sanders, D. A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. and Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I. and Savage, G. Savinov, V. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. and Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. and Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. and Sensenig, J. Seong, I. Sergi, A. Sergiampietri, F. and Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. and Sharma, H. R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Sipos, R. Sippach, F. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. and Siyeon, K. Smargianaki, D. Smith, A. Smith, A. Smith, E. and Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snopok, P. Nunes, M. Soares Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Salinas, C. J. Solano and Soldner-Remhold, S. Solomey, N. Solovov, V. Sondheim, W. E. and Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. and Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N. J. and Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Steiner, H. Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. and Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Strianov, S. Stuart, A. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V. Suter, L. Sutera, C. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A. Talaga, R. and Tanaka, H. Oregui, B. Tapia Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C. A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J. L. and Thorn, C. Timm, S. Tonazzo, A. Torti, M. Tortola, M. and Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. and Trevor, J. Trzaska, Wh. Tsai, Yt. Tsamalaidze, Z. Tsang, K. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. and Tzanov, Vi. Uchida, Vi. A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. Vagins, Vi. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G. Valencia, E. Vallari, Z. and Valle, J. W. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. Van de Water, R. G. Vanegas Forero, D. Varanini, F. Vargas, D. Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasseur, G. Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. and Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M. A. Verzocchi, M. and Vieira de Souza, H. Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. and Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, A. V. Wallbank, M. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. and Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. and Wetstein, M. While, M. R. White, A. Whitehead, L. H. and Whittington, D. Wilking, M. J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. and Wilson, F. Wilson, R. J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. and Wood, K. Wood, L. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. and Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yang, G. Yang, T. and Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, J. and Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeller, G. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zimmerman, E. D. Zito, M. and Zuccilelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zuishi, V. Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration

Published
2020

47. Long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics potential of the DUNE experiment: DUNE Collaboration

Author

Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M.A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S.A. Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M.P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L.O. Arroyave, M.A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J.J. Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G.J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Monarca, J.B. Barros, N. Barrow, J.L. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Bay, F. Alba, J.L.B. Beacom, J.F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Neves, F.B. Berger, J. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R.M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Siffert, B.B. Blaszczyk, F.D.M. Blazey, G.C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S.B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S.J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Terrazas, I.C. Carranza, H. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Villanueva, A.C. Chalifour, M. Chang, C. Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Cho, K. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Church, E. Clarke, P. Coan, T.E. Cocco, A.G. Coelho, J.A.B. Conley, E. Conrad, J.M. Convery, M. Corwin, L. Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadón, J.I. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. Motta, H. Da Silva Peres, L. David, C. David, Q. Davies, G.S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. De Almeida, R.M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. Decowski, M.P. de Gouvêa, A. De Holanda, P.C. De Icaza Astiz, I.L. Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. Delgado, M. Dell’Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. de Mello Neto, J.R.T. DeMuth, D.M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Vries, J.J. Dharmapalan, R. Dias, M. Diaz, F. Díaz, J.S. Domizio, S.D. Giulio, L.D. Ding, P. Noto, L.D. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M.J. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D.A. Dyshkant, A.S. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C.O. Sanchez, L.E. Evans, J.J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A.C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Fernandez-Martinez, E. Menendez, P.F. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filkins, A. Filthaut, F. Fitzpatrick, R.S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. Flight, R. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A.P. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. García-Peris, M.Á. Gardiner, S. Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I. Girerd, C. Giri, A.K. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R.A. Bermeo, L.V.G. Fajardo, L.S.G. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J.A. Goodman, M.C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gramellini, E. Gran, R. Granados, E. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. Green, P. Green, S. Greenler, L. Greenwood, M. Greer, J. Griffith, W.C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V. Guenette, R. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. Guthikonda, K.K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M.M. Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hackenburg, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haigh, J. Haiston, J. Hamernik, T. Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harder, K. Harris, D.A. Hartnell, J. Hasegawa, T. Hatcher, R. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. Heeger, K.M. Heise, J. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Morquecho, M.A.H. Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hesam, A.S. Hewes, J. Higuera, A. Hill, T. Hillier, S.J. Himmel, A. Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G.A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Ilic, N. Iliescu, A.M. Illingworth, R. Ioannisian, A. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jesùs-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jiménez, S. Jipa, A. Joglekar, A. Johnson, C. Johnson, R. Jones, B. Jones, S. Jung, C.K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I. Kamiya, F. Karagiorgi, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S.P. Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K.J. Kemp, E. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S.H. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L.W. Kohn, S. Koller, P.P. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecký, V.A. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V.A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, R. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Lande, K. Lane, C.E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. LaZur, R. Le, T. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. Miotto, G.L. Lehnert, R. de Oliveira, M.A.L. Leitner, M. Leyton, M. Li, L. Li, S. Li, S.W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C.S. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B.R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. LoSecco, J.M. Louis, W.C. Luk, K.B. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V.P. MacFarland, D. Machado, A.A. Machado, P. Macias, C.T. Macier, J.R. Maddalena, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. Maloney, J.A. Mandrioli, G. Maneira, J. Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Plata, M.M. Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marinho, F. Marino, A.D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Caicedo, D.A.M. Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. McFarland, K.S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mellinato, M. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M.D. Metcalf, W. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O.G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C.S. Mishra, S.R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T.A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. Bueno, L.M. Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Zetina, L.M.M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A. Moreno, D. Morgan, B. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C.A. Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. Navas-Nicolás, D. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Necib, L. Negishi, K. Nelson, J.K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Nichol, R. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. Nowak, J.A. Oberling, M. Campo, A.O.D. Olivier, A. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J.M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Pantic, E. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, V. Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. Patterson, R.B. Patton, S.J. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V. Peeters, S.J.M. Penichot, Y. Pennacchio, E. Penzo, A. Peres, O.L.G. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Pillow, J. Pinzino, J. Plunkett, R. Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Pordes, S. Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, B.V.K.S. Pozimski, J. Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. Prior, G. Pugnere, D. Qi, K. Qian, X. Raaf, J.L. Raboanary, R. Radeka, V. Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Rafique, A. Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I. Rakotondramanana, H.T. Rakotondravohitra, L. Ramachers, Y.A. Rameika, R. Delgado, M.A.R. Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Ravat, S. Razafinime, H. Real, J.S. Rebel, B. Redondo, D. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S.D. Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Riccobene, G. Rice, L.C.J. Rielage, K. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. Rodrigues, P. Alonso, M.J.R. Rondon, J.R. Roeth, A.J. Rogers, H. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rossella, M. Rout, J. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Russell, B. Russell, J. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Sanchez, M.C. Sanders, D.A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I. Savage, G. Savinov, V. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. Sensenig, J. Seong, I. Sergi, A. Sergiampietri, F. Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M.H. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. Sharma, H.R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Sipos, R. Sippach, F.W. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. Siyeon, K. Smargianaki, D. Smith, A. Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snopok, P. Nunes, M.S. Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Salinas, C.J.S. Söldner-Rembold, S. Solomey, N. Solovov, V. Sondheim, W.E. Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N.J.C. Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Steiner, H.M. Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V. Suter, L. Sutera, C.M. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A.M. Talaga, R. Tanaka, H.A. Oregui, B.T. Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A.M. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C.A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J.L. Thorn, C. Timm, S.C. Tonazzo, A. Torti, M. Tortola, M. Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. Trevor, J. Trzaska, W.H. Tsai, Y.T. Tsamalaidze, Z. Tsang, K.V. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. Tzanov, M. Uchida, M.A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. Vagins, M.R. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G.A. Valencia, E. Vallari, Z. Valle, J.W.F. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. Van de Water, R.G. Forero, D.V. Varanini, F. Vargas, D. Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasseur, G. Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M.A. Verzocchi, M. de Souza, H.V. Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, A.V. Wallbank, M. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. While, M.R. White, A. Whitehead, L.H. Whittington, D. Wilking, M.J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R.J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. Wood, K. Wood, L. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yang, G. Yang, T. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, J. Zaki, R. Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeller, G.P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zimmerman, E.D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V. Zwaska, R.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The sensitivity of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to neutrino oscillation is determined, based on a full simulation, reconstruction, and event selection of the far detector and a full simulation and parameterized analysis of the near detector. Detailed uncertainties due to the flux prediction, neutrino interaction model, and detector effects are included. DUNE will resolve the neutrino mass ordering to a precision of 5σ, for all δCP values, after 2 years of running with the nominal detector design and beam configuration. It has the potential to observe charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector to a precision of 3σ (5σ) after an exposure of 5 (10) years, for 50% of all δCP values. It will also make precise measurements of other parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation, and after an exposure of 15 years will achieve a similar sensitivity to sin 22 θ13 to current reactor experiments. © 2020, The Author(s).

Published
2020

48. Neutrino interaction classification with a convolutional neural network in the DUNE far detector

Author

Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M. A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. and Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S. Alonso Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M. P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L. O. Arroyave, M. A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. and Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J. J. and Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. and Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. and Barenboim, G. Barker, G. J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. and Barr, G. Monarca, J. Barranco Barros, N. Barrow, J. L. and Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Bay, F. Alba, J. L. Bazo Beacom, J. F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. and Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. and Benekos, N. Bento Neves, F. Berger, J. Berkman, S. and Bernardini, P. Berner, R. M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. and Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuyan, B. and Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. and Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Blanco Siffert, B. and Blaszczyk, F. D. M. Blazey, G. C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. and Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. and Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. and Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S. B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. and Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S. J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. and Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. and Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Caratelli, D. and Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Terrazas, I. Caro and Carranza, H. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Cattadori, C. and Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, A. Chalifour, M. Chang, C. and Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. and Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. and Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Cho, K. Choubey, S. and Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Church, E. and Clarke, P. Coan, T. E. Cocco, A. G. Coelho, J. A. B. and Conley, E. Conrad, J. M. Convery, M. Corwin, L. Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadon, J. I. and Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. and Dabrowski, M. da Motta, H. Peres, L. Da Silva David, C. and David, Q. Davies, G. S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. and De Almeida, R. M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. Decowski, M. P. de Gouvea, A. De Holanda, P. C. Astiz, I. L. De Icaza and Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. and Delgado, M. Dell'Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. Neto, J. R. T. de Mello DeMuth, D. M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. and De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Vries, J. J. Dharmapalan, R. Dias, M. Diaz, F. Diaz, J. S. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. and Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M. J. and Domine, L. Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. and Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. and Dwyer, D. A. Dyshkant, A. S. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. and Eisch, J. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C. O. and Sanchez, L. Escudero Evans, J. J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A. C. and Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Fernandez-Martinez, E. Menendez, P. Fernandez Ferraro, F. and Fields, L. Filkins, A. Filthaut, F. Fitzpatrick, R. S. and Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. Flight, R. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. Freeman, J. and Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A. P. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. and Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, S. Garcia-Carballeira, F. and Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Peris, M. A. Gardiner, S. Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. and Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I. Girerd, C. and Giri, A. K. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. and Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R. A. Bermeo, L. V. Gomez Fajardo, L. S. Gomez Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J. A. Goodman, M. C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. and Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gramellini, E. Gran, R. Granados, E. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. and Green, P. Green, S. Greenler, L. Greenwood, M. Greer, J. and Griffith, W. C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. and Gu, W. Guarino, V. Guenette, R. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. and Guthikonda, K. K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M. M. Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hackenburg, A. Hadavand, H. and Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haigh, J. Haiston, J. Hamernik, T. and Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harder, K. Harris, D. A. and Hartnell, J. Hasegawa, T. Hatcher, R. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. Heeger, K. M. Heise, J. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. and Morquecho, M. A. Hernandez Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hesam, A. S. Hewes, J. Higuera, A. Hill, T. Hillier, S. J. and Himmel, A. Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. and Horton-Smith, G. A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. and Howell, R. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. and Ilic, N. Iliescu, A. M. Illingworth, R. Ioannisian, A. and Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. and Jesus-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jimenez, S. Jipa, A. Joglekar, A. Johnson, C. Johnson, R. Jones, B. and Jones, S. Jung, C. K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. and Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I. Kamiya, F. Karagiorgi, G. and Karcher, A. Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. and Kasetti, S. P. Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. and Keener, P. Kelly, K. J. Kemp, E. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S. H. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L. W. Kohn, S. Koller, P. P. Kordosky, M. and Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecky, V. A. Kothekar, K. and Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V. A. and Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, R. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. and Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Lande, K. Lane, C. E. Lang, K. and Langford, T. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. and Laundrie, A. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. Lazur, R. Le, T. and Learned, J. LeBrun, P. Miotto, G. Lehmann Lehnert, R. and Leigui de Oliveira, M. A. Leitner, M. Leyton, M. Li, L. and Li, S. Li, S. W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C. S. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B. R. Liu, J. and Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. and Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. LoSecco, J. M. Louis, W. C. Luk, K. B. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V. P. MacFarland, D. Machado, A. A. Machado, P. Macias, C. T. Macier, J. R. Maddalena, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. and Mahn, K. Maio, A. Maloney, J. A. Mandrioli, G. and Maneira, J. Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Manrique Plata, M. Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. and Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marinho, F. Marino, A. D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. and Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Caicedo, D. A. Martinez and Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. and Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, E. and McConkey, N. McFarland, K. S. McGrew, C. Mcnab, A. and Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mellinato, M. Mena, O. and Menary, S. Mendez, H. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. and Messier, M. D. Metcalf, W. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. and Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Milincic, R. and Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O. G. and Miryala, S. Mishra, C. S. Mishra, S. R. Mislivec, A. and Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T. A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. Bueno, L. Molina and Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montano Zetina, L. M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A. Moreno, D. and Morgan, B. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C. A. Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. and Muether, M. Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. and Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. and Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. and Narita, S. Navas-Nicolas, D. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. and Necib, L. Negishi, K. Nelson, J. K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. and Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Nichol, R. and Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. Nowak, J. A. Oberling, M. Del Campo, A. Olivares Olivier, A. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. and Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J. M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Pantic, E. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, V. Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. and Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. and Patrizii, L. Patterson, R. B. Patton, S. J. Patzak, T. and Paudel, A. Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. and Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V. Peeters, S. J. M. and Penichot, Y. Pennacchio, E. Penzo, A. Peres, O. L. G. and Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. Petrillo, G. Petta, C. and Petti, R. Piastra, F. Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. and Pillow, J. Pinzino, J. Plunkett, R. Poling, R. Pons, X. and Poonthottathil, N. Pordes, S. Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. and Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Pozimski, J. Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. Prior, G. Pugnere, D. Qi, K. Qian, X. Raaf, J. L. Raboanary, R. Radeka, V. and Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Radovic, A. Rafique, A. and Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I. and Rakotondramanana, H. T. Rakotondravohitra, L. Ramachers, Y. A. and Rameika, R. Delgado, M. A. Ramirez Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Ravat, S. Razafinime, H. and Real, J. S. Rebel, B. Redondo, D. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. and Rehak, T. Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S. D. Renshaw, A. and Rescia, S. Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Riccobene, G. Rice, L. C. J. Rielage, K. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. and Roda, M. Rodrigues, P. Alonso, M. J. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Rodriguez Roeth, A. J. Rogers, H. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. and Rossella, M. Rout, J. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. and Russell, B. Russell, J. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. and Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. and Sanchez, M. C. Sanders, D. A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. and Santos-Maldonado, M. Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. and Sarcevic, I. Savage, G. Savinov, V. Scaramelli, A. and Scarff, A. Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. and Schlabach, P. Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. and Segreto, E. Sensenig, J. Seong, I. Sergi, A. and Sergiampietri, F. Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M. H. Shafaq, S. and Shamma, M. Sharma, H. R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. and Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. and Simard, L. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Sipos, R. Sippach, F. W. and Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. Siyeon, K. Smargianaki, D. Smith, A. Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. and Snopok, P. Soares Nunes, M. Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. and Salinas, C. J. Solano Soldner-Rembold, S. Solomey, N. and Solovov, V. Sondheim, W. E. Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. and Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. and Spitz, J. Spooner, N. J. C. Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. and Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Steiner, H. M. Stewart, J. and Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Summers, D. and Surdo, A. Susic, V. Suter, L. Sutera, C. M. Svoboda, R. and Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A. M. Talaga, R. Tanaka, H. A. and Oregui, B. Tapia Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. and Tayloe, R. Teklu, A. M. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C. A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J. L. and Thorn, C. Timm, S. C. Tonazzo, A. Torti, M. Tortola, M. Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. and Trevor, J. Trzaska, W. H. Tsai, Y. T. Tsamalaidze, Z. and Tsang, K. V. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. and Tzanov, M. Uchida, M. A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. and Vagins, M. R. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G. A. Valencia, E. and Vallari, Z. Valle, J. W. F. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. and Van de Water, R. G. Vanegas Forero, D. Varanini, F. Vargas, D. Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasseur, G. Vaziri, K. and Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M. A. and Verzocchi, M. Vieira de Souza, H. Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. and Viren, B. Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, A. V. Wallbank, M. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. and Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. and Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. and Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. While, M. R. White, A. and Whitehead, L. H. Whittington, D. Wilking, M. J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R. J. Wolcott, J. and Wongjirad, T. Wood, K. Wood, L. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yang, G. and Yang, T. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. and Yu, J. Zaki, R. Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. and Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeller, G. P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zimmerman, E. D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V. and Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment is a next-generation neutrino oscillation experiment that aims to measure CP-violation in the neutrino sector as part of a wider physics program. A deep learning approach based on a convolutional neural network has been developed to provide highly efficient and pure selections of electron neutrino and muon neutrino charged-current interactions. The electron neutrino (antineutrino) selection efficiency peaks at 90% (94%) and exceeds 85% (90%) for reconstructed neutrino energies between 2-5 GeV. The muon neutrino (antineutrino) event selection is found to have a maximum efficiency of 96% (97%) and exceeds 90% (95%) efficiency for reconstructed neutrino energies above 2 GeV. When considering all electron neutrino and antineutrino interactions as signal, a selection purity of 90% is achieved. These event selections are critical to maximize the sensitivity of the experiment to CP-violating effects.

Published
2020

49. Volume III DUNE far detector technical coordination

Author

Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M. A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. and Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S. Alonso Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. and Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L. O. and Arroyave, M. A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V and Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J. J. Backhouse, C. and Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. Balasubramanian, S. and Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G. and Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Barranco Monarca, J. and Barros, N. Barrow, J. L. Bashyal, A. Basque, V Bay, F. Bazo Alba, J. Beacom, J. F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Neves, F. Bento Berger, J. and Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R. M. Berns, H. and Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. and Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. and Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Siffert, B. Blanco Blaszczyk, F. Blazey, G. Blucher, E. and Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bonesini, M. and Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. and Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S. and Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. and Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S. J. and Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. and Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. and Calvo, E. Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. and Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. and Terrazas, I. Caro Carranza, H. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. and Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. and Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, A. Chalifour, M. and Chang, C. Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Cho, K. and Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. and Church, E. Clarke, P. Coan, T. E. Cocco, A. G. and Coelho, J. Conley, E. Conrad, J. Convery, M. Corwin, L. and Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadon, I, J. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. and Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. Da Motta, H. Peres, L. Da Silva and David, Q. Davies, G. S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. and De Almeida, R. M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I Decowski, M. and De Gouvea, A. De Holanda, P. C. Astiz, I. L. De Icaza and Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. and Delgado, M. Dell'Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. De Mello Neto, J. R. DeMuth, D. M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. and De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V De Vries, J. Dharmapalan, R. and Dias, M. Diaz, F. Diaz, J. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. and Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M. Domine, L. and Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D. and Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emery, S. and Ereditato, A. Escobar, C. Sanchez, L. Escudero Evans, J. J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A. C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. and Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Fernandez-Martinez, E. and Fernandez Menendez, P. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filkins, A. and Filthaut, F. Fitzpatrick, R. S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. and Flight, R. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. and Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. and Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I Furmanski, A. P. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V and Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. and Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Peris, M. A. Gardiner, S. and Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. and Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I Girerd, C. Giri, A. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. and Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R. A. Gomez Bermeo, L. and Gomez Fajardo, L. S. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J. and Goodman, M. C. 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Published
2020

50. Integral design method for simple and small Mars lander system using membrane aeroshell

Author

Shinichi Nakasuka, Hiroyuki Maezawa, Ryohei Takahashi, Ryo Sakagami, Akifumi Wachi, Yuki Koshiro, and Y. Kasai

Subjects
020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Spacecraft, Computer science, business.industry, Mars landing, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Mars Exploration Program, Exploration of Mars, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 0203 mechanical engineering, law, Atmospheric entry, Airbag, 0103 physical sciences, Aeroshell, Aerospace engineering, Interplanetary spaceflight, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

To execute Mars surface exploration missions, spacecraft need to overcome the difficulties of the Mars entry, descent, and landing (EDL) sequences. Previous landing missions overcame these challenges with complicated systems that could only be executed by organizations with mature technology and abundant financial resources. In this paper, we propose a novel integral design methodology for a small, simple Mars lander that is achievable even by organizations with limited technology and resources such as universities or emerging countries. We aim to design a lander (including its interplanetary cruise stage) whose size and mass are under 1 m3 and 150 kg, respectively. We adopted only two components for Mars EDL process: a “membrane aeroshell” for the Mars atmospheric entry and descent sequence and one additional mechanism for the landing sequence. The landing mechanism was selected from the following three candidates: (1) solid thrusters, (2) aluminum foam, and (3) a vented airbag. We present a reasonable design process, visualize dependencies among parameters, summarize sizing methods for each component, and propose the way to integrate these components into one system. To demonstrate the effectiveness, we applied this methodology to the actual Mars EDL mission led by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) and the University of Tokyo. As a result, an 80 kg class Mars lander with a 1.75 m radius membrane aeroshell and a vented airbag was designed, and the maximum landing shock that the lander will receive was 115 G.

Published
2018

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