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Context Maintaining regional ecological security is necessary to ensure sustainable human survival and development. Starting with the goal of ecological security, optimal strategies for land use zoning can be developed. Previous studies have mainly focused on identifying ecological sources and ecological corridors, but the importance of ecological security in optimizing urban land use is seldom explored. In this study, a novel strategy for optimizing ecological security patterns (ESP) was proposed. Objectives To examine how to realize the zoning control of land use based on ESP . Methods We used an ESP model based on an ecological sensitivity evaluation, rain and flood models, MCR (Minimal Cumulative Resistance) model, and gravity model. Using these tools. And we assessed the ecological restoration, development, and construction of Zhongtai and proposed an optimized land use zoning management strategy. Results The establishment of the ESP of Zhongtai allowed for the characterization of the circulation of ecological sources in the region. This revealed 10 ecological sources, 9 important corridors, and 12 ordinary corridors. Recently, the study area has undergone a significant population increase and a rapid increase in urban land. But these built-up lands are concentrated in flood prone areas. Therefore, the construction of disaster prevention infrastructure should be prioritized during urban planning. Notably, the ecological corridors were mainly composed of tea plantations, farm land, mining land, and forest land, accounting for 80.45% of the total area. Ecological recovery can be carried out by mixed planting, returning farmland to forest, and prohibiting mining. In total, 71 ecological patches for restoration were identified, these were mostly mine lands flagged for restoration, but some were tea plantation optimization and illegal construction demolition areas. 61 controlled construction blocks were identified where strategies for ecological protection and food security should be applied, with priority use given to wastelands. Conclusions The ultimate goal of the study was to propose an optimized plan for controlled zoning of land use. Based on the ecological security and ecological sensitivity of the study area, four control zones were established: core protection area, ecological control area, restricted construction area, and suitable construction area. This controlled zoning strategy puts forward a clear management plan that ensures ecological protection and ecological restoration with optimal configurations and controlled construction designed to improve human health and livelihoods.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the incidence of ischemic stroke after the onset of type 2 diabetes, and further analyze the risk factors, so as to provide a basis for further research. METHODS: The data were obtained from the database of the Beijing Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance Database. The study used a prospective design to describe the incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes. In our study, these patients were followed up for seven years. Multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: A total of 185 813 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled, with an average age of (58.5±13.2) years, and 49.0% of them were males. A total of 10 393 patients with newly diagnosed ischemic stroke occurred in 7 years, with a cumulative incidence of 5.6% and an incidence density of 8.1/1 000 person-years. Ischemic stroke occurred in all age groups in patients with type 2 diabetes. The cumulative incidence was 1.5% (95%CI: 1.3%-1.6%) in group ≤44 years old, 3.6% (95%CI: 3.4%-3.7%) in group 45-54 years old, 5.4% (95%CI: 5.2%-5.5%) in group 55-64 years old, and 9.2% (95%CI: 9.0%-9.4%) in group ≥65 years old, and the cumulative incidence increased with age (P < 0.05). Cumulative incidence rate of the males (6.8%, 95%CI: 6.7%-7.0%) was higher than the females (4.4%, 95%CI: 4.3%-4.6%). Among the patients < 80 years old, the cumulative incidence rate of the males was higher than that of the females in all the age groups. In the patients ≥80 years of age, the cumulative incidence was higher in the females (9.2%) than in the males (7.9%). Further analysis revealed that complications, such as coronary heart disease (OR=3.18, 95%CI: 2.72-3.72), heart failure (OR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.32-1.79) and kidney failure (OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.20-1.75) were associated with ischemic stroke in the patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION: The incidence level of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes is high. It is necessary to strengthen the management of risk factors in elderly patients, screen the complications of type 2 diabetes as early as possible, and take active preventive and control measures.

Background Stroke is the leading cause of death in China, and the stroke burden is especially high in rural areas. Risk prediction is essential for primary prevention of stroke. However, uncertainty remains about the optimal methodology for analyzing stroke risk. In this study, we aim to determine the most effective stroke prediction method in a targeted population and establish a general framework and pipeline for future analysis. Purpose 1) to determine the most effective stroke prediction method in a targeted population and 2) to establish a general framework and pipeline for future analysis. Methods Data were obtained from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT), a randomized, double-blind, multi-center clinical trial. 20,702 hypertensive patients without prior history of stroke were included in the study. The primary outcome was new nonfatal and fatal stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) occurring between baseline and follow-up (a median of 4.2 years). All suspected stroke cases were collected and further validated by the event adjudication committee. We compared two regression models (logistic regression and step wise logistic regression) and two machine learning methods (extreme gradient boosting and random forest). All models were trained using questionnaire data with and without laboratory data, then analyzed and compared. The primary outcome was defined as first stroke. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and AUCs (area under receiver operating characteristic curve) were used to assess each model. AUCs were used to evaluate the performance of each analysis method. Results In our data set with 20,702 samples and 127 variables, the highest AUCs (0.775 (0.725–0.826)) were observed with RUS (random under sampling) applied to RF (random forest). Before applying data balancing techniques, all analysis methods showed very low sensitivity (around 0.01), very high accuracy (around 0.97), and very high specificity (around 1.00). The mean AUCs were 0.741 (0.678–0.803). After data balancing techniques were applied, we observed an increase in sensitivity and decreases in accuracy and specificity. Different data balancing techniques had different effects on analysis methods. No significant effect on AUCs was observed; the range of increase and decrease was around 0.01. Similar overall patterns were observed when training with laboratory test data added. The mean AUCs were 0.739 (0.679–0.799) and 0.734 (0.674–9.795) for all models using data with and without laboratory test respectively. The 10 most important variables as determined by the model were selected as stroke risk predictors for all analysis models. Conclusion The most effective stroke prediction method in this Chinese rural hypertensive population is RUS applied to RF. The optimal analysis method and variable selection depends on data-specific features. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Key R&D Projects, Jiangxi [20203BBGL73173] National Key Research and Development Program [2016YFE0205400]

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence and related factors of osteoarthritis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and provided a scientific basis for the prevention of the comorbidity. METHODS: The data were obtained from the database of all designated medical institutions in Beijing from 2015 to 2017. Data of the adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were collected for descriptive analysis, and a Logistic regression model was used to explore the related factors of osteoarthritis in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: A total of 1 046 264 diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus adult patients were included in our study, with an average age of 63.07 years, and 50.78% were males. Among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there were 341 561 cases with osteoarthritis, and the prevalence of osteoarthritis was 32.65%. The prevalence of females (38.05%) was higher than that of males (27.41%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Osteoarthritis occurred in all age groups among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the highest prevalence of osteoarthritis in the age group of 65-69 years (36.76%), and the lowest prevalence in the age group ≤44 years (14.3%). Before the age of 70, the prevalence increased with age. Further analysis of related factors for osteoarthritis in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus showed that female (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.61-1.63), age (OR=1.01, 95%CI: 1.01-1.01), had other comorbidities (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.18-1.21), used hypoglycemic drugs (OR=0.79, 95%CI: 0.78-0.80), having the cardiovascular disease (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.11-1.15), having cerebrovascular disease (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.23-1.28), and having nephropathy (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.51-1.71) were associated with the osteoarthritis in the type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the prevalence of osteoarthritis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is high in Beijing area. Health education and disease monitoring should be strengthened in middle-aged and elderly patients. Screening for comorbidities should be carried out as soon as possible, with the focus on menopausal women.

To explore the role of long intergenic non-coding ribonucleic acid 483 (LINC00483) in the development of breast cancer (BC) and its possible mechanism of action.LINC00483 expression level in BC tissues and cell lines was detected via quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The association between LINC00483 expression and survival rate of BC patients was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The binding relation between LINC00483 and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) was verified via RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays. The expression of IGF2BP1 in BC patients was determined using qRT-PCR. Moreover, the role of LINC00483 on the proliferative ability of BC cells was detected via cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Whether LINC00483 exerts its effects under the regulation of IGF2BP1 was verified via reversal assay.The results of qRT-PCR showed that LINC00483 had a significantly high expression in BC tissues and corresponding cell lines, and it rose with the increase in tumor stage, which was higher in patients with metastasis. CCK8/EdU assay revealed that the proliferative ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines was enhanced by overexpression of LINC00483. It was confirmed by RIP and pull-down assays that IGF2BP1 could bind to LINC00483, and the expression of LINC00483 was significantly promoted after up-regulation of IGF2BP1. It was found via qRT-PCR that the expression of IGF2BP1 evidently rose in BC patients, which was positively related with the expression level of LINC00483. The results of reversal assay manifested that the function of LINC00483 on cell proliferation was regulated by IGF2BP1.LINC00483 has a significantly higher expression in BC tissues than that in para-carcinoma tissues, and its effect of promoting proliferation of BC cells may be regulated by IGF2BP1.

The study aimed to explore the effects of psychological intervention on alleviating anxiety in patients in novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) isolation wards.Between January 24th, 2020 and March 5th, 2020, 103 patients were studied. Among these, 32 were patients in the isolation ward of the Infectious Disease Department in Baoding Second Hospital with suspected 2019-nCoV, and 71 patients diagnosed with 2019-nCoV were in the Tangshan Infectious Disease Hospital. Of the 103 patients included, 97 cases were observed in isolation. Using a self-control study design, each patient's anxiety was scored on a self-rating anxiety scale before receiving the psychological intervention (on the 7th day of isolation) and after receiving the intervention (on the 14th day of isolation). The severity of anxiety was evaluated based on the anxiety score before receiving the intervention. The anxiety scores before and after receiving the intervention were then compared using the paired t-test, and p0.05 was considered statistically significant.After receiving the psychological intervention once or twice a week, the anxiety of the patients improved significantly after one week.The anxiety of patients with 2019-nCoV in isolation wards can be alleviated through psychological intervention. By alleviating patient anxiety, this intervention also helps patients maintain their psychological wellbeing, which promotes rehabilitation and helps with the control of 2019-nCoV.

Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), universities have carried out online education for public health and preventive medicine courses under the policy of "Suspending Classes Without Stopping Learning" launched by the Chinese government. The Public Health and Preventive Medicine Committee of the Ministry of Education Steering Committee for Medical Education investigated the online teaching activities in the member universities. This study presents the survey results, discusses the existing problems, and proposes suggestions for further reforms on mixed teaching activities.自新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情以来，按照“停课不停学”的原则，各高校积极开展公共卫生与预防医学专业相关课程的在线教学工作。教育部高等院校公共卫生与预防医学专业教学指导委员会对成员所在高校开展的本专业在线教学活动进行了调查。本文对调查结果进行分析，讨论目前在线教学过程中存在的问题，并进一步提出本专业课程开展线上线下相结合教学改革的相关建议。.

混合性淋巴瘤是指两种不同类型的淋巴瘤同时发生。该例患者男性，44岁，因无意中发现左颈部肿物入院，彩超提示左颈部4 cm大小肿物。镜下见弥漫小淋巴细胞间散在核大异型细胞。免疫组织化学显示散在核大细胞CD15、CD30、MUM1、PAX5等标记阳性，EB病毒编码的小RNA（EBER）显色原位杂交（CISH）检测显示核大细胞阳性，符合经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤。免疫组织化学显示背景小淋巴细胞CD3、CD2、CD7等标志物阳性，EBER CISH检测显示部分细胞阳性，T细胞受体基因检测提示2个位点单克隆重排，符合T细胞淋巴瘤。混合性淋巴瘤治疗不同于普通的淋巴瘤，需要综合制定化疗方案。.

In order to underst and the status of health emergency personnel training development and raising coping measures, electronic questionnaire surveys were conducted among 22 colleges and universities in different region of China. The result showed that colleges universities in China invested less in the training of emergency personnel. It is different and emphasized particularly for the cultivation of emergency professional ability among different types of public health students. Universities and employer hold relative evaluation of students' emergency professional ability with distinct regional differences.为了解中国应急型人才的培养现状，并提出应对措施，本研究对中国不同地区22所高等院校进行电子问卷调查。结果显示中国高等院校针对应急型人才的培养投入较少，对不同类型研究生实践应急能力的培养有所侧重。高等院校和用人单位对研究生实践应急处理能力的评价较低且具有明显地区差异。.

To investigate the current status of postgraduates training in public health and preventive medicine in China. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among directors of enrollment and teaching in 22 universities with postgraduate admission qualifications in corresponding disciplines nationwide. In 2016, full-time postgraduates were mainly academic masters. In addition to the graduate entrance examination, the common enrollment mode in colleges was to enroll a high qualified student with recommendations from relevant experts or institutions and an exemption from entrance examination (20/22). The emphasis on training contents between academic and public health master was different. Currently, the scale of public health postgraduate enrollment in public health and preventive medicine in China is stable, and the training program is reasonable, but there is an issue of monotonous model and uneven distribution of enrollment.为了解中国公共卫生和预防医学专业研究生培养现状，本研究于2016年对22所具有该学科研究生招生资格的高等院校招生和教学负责人进行问卷调查。2016年全日制研究生以学术型硕士为主。除了考试外，各个院校最常见的招生模式为推荐免试（20/22），学术型和公共卫生硕士的侧重培养内容有所差别。现阶段我国公共卫生研究生招生规模稳定，培养方案较为合理，同时存在招生模式单一和分布不均衡的情况。.

To investigate the correlations of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cerebral infarction with insulin resistance, adiponectin and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1).A total of 326 AMI patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were selected as the research objects. They were divided into cerebral infarction group (n=24) and non-cerebral infarction group (n=302) based on their complication of cerebral infarction. In addition, 165 healthy people were enrolled as control group. Changes in the levels of HMGB1, adiponectin, fasting insulin (FINS), insulin sensitive index (ISI), insulin resistance, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), myocardial infarction markers and coagulation function indexes were compared among the three groups. Correlations among those indexes were analyzed.AMI patients had higher levels of HMGB1, FINS, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), ISI, creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), prothrombin time (PT), CRP and IL-6 than those in healthy participates, especially in those complicated with cerebral infarction. Conversely, levels of adiponectin, myoglobin (Mb), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), antithrombin III (AT-III), activated coagulation time (ACT) and NT-proBNP were the lowest in cerebral infarction group, and highest in control group (p0.05). AMI complicated with cerebral infarction was negatively correlated with the levels of AT-III and adiponectin, but positively associated with the levels of NT-proBNP, HOMA-IR and HMGB1 (p0.05).AMI complicated with cerebral infarction has negative correlations with the levels of AT-III and adiponectin, but positively associated with the levels of NT-proBNP, HOMA-IR and HMGB1, possessing certain clinical significance in AMI treatment.

In order to understand the status of the cultivation of the masters of public health (MPH) in colleges in China and improve the cultivation model, an electronic questionnaire survey were conducted among 22 schools of public health in colleges. The result showed that the size and the enrolment scale of Chinese MPH students were relatively small, and the training objectives were still unclear. There was no obvious difference between the curriculum setting for MPH and academic master degree. The practical skill-oriented courses and emergency response ability of public health practice were insufficient. The cultivation model of MPH should be improved in future.为了解中国高等院校公共卫生硕士（MPH）人才培养现状，完善培养模式，对全国22所高校公共卫生学院进行电子问卷调查。结果显示，中国MPH在校学生规模和招生规模均较低，培养目标不明确，课程设置与全日制学术学位研究生无明显区别，实践型课程不足，缺乏公共卫生实践应急处理能力，需要改进MPH的培养方式。.

To establish the experts consensus on the management of delirium in critically ill patients. A special committee was set up by 15 experts from the Chinese Critical Hypothermia-Sedation Therapy Study Group. Each statement was assessed based on the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) principle. Then the Delphi method was adopted by 36 experts to reassess all the statements. (1) Delirium is not only a mental change, but also a clinical syndrome with multiple pathophysiological changes. (2) Delirium is a form of disturbance of consciousness and a manifestation of abnormal brain function. (3) Pain is a common cause of delirium in critically ill patients. Analgesia can reduce the occurrence and development of delirium. (4) Anxiety or depression are important factors for delirium in critically ill patients. (5) The correlation between sedative and analgesic drugs and delirium is uncertain. (6) Pay attention to the relationship between delirium and withdrawal reactions. (7) Pay attention to the relationship between delirium and drug dependence/withdrawal reactions. (8) Sleep disruption can induce delirium. (9) We should be vigilant against potential risk factors for persistent or recurrent delirium. (10) Critically illness related delirium can affect the diagnosis and treatment of primary diseases, and can also be alleviated with the improvement of primary diseases. (11) Acute change of consciousness and attention deficit are necessary for delirium diagnosis. (12) The combined assessment of confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit and intensive care delirium screening checklist can improve the sensitivity of delirium, especially subclinical delirium. (13) Early identification and intervention of subclinical delirium can reduce its risk of clinical delirium. (14) Daily assessment is helpful for early detection of delirium. (15) Hopoactive delirium and mixed delirium are common and should be emphasized. (16) Delirium may be accompanied by changes in electroencephalogram. Bedside electroencephalogram monitoring should be used in the ICU if conditions warrant. (17) Pay attention to differential diagnosis of delirium and dementia/depression. (18) Pay attention to the role of rapid delirium screening method in delirium management. (19) Assessment of the severity of delirium is an essential part of the diagnosis of delirium. (20) The key to the management of delirium is etiological treatment. (21) Improving environmental factors and making patient comfort can help reduce delirium. (22) Early exercise can reduce the incidence of delirium and shorten the duration of delirium. (23) Communication with patients should be emphasized and strengthened. Family members participation can help reduce the incidence of delirium and promote the recovery of delirium. (24) Pay attention to the role of sleep management in the prevention and treatment of delirium. (25) Dexmedetomidine can shorten the duration of hyperactive delirium or prevent delirium. (26) When using antipsychotics to treat delirium, we should be alert to its effect on the heart rhythm. (27) Delirium management should pay attention to brain functional exercise. (28) Compared with non-critically illness related delirium, the relief of critically illness related delirium will not accomplished at one stroke. (29) Multiple management strategies such as ABCDEF, eCASH and ESCAPE are helpful to prevent and treat delirium and improve the prognosis of critically ill patients. (30) Shortening the duration of delirium can reduce the occurrence of long-term cognitive impairment. (31) Multidisciplinary cooperation and continuous quality improvement can improve delirium management. Consensus can promote delirium management in critically ill patients, optimize analgesia and sedation therapy, and even affect prognosis.谵妄是ICU中常见的一种急性临床综合征，可导致患者病死率增加，机械通气时间和住院时间延长，引起长期的认知功能障碍，增加医疗费用，严重影响患者的预后。为规范重症患者的谵妄管理，由中国冷静治疗研究组根据国内外最新文献资料和多年来的应用推广经验，组织相关重症医学专家在充分讨论和沟通基础上制定了"重症患者谵妄管理专家共识"。旨在改进重症患者的谵妄管理，优化镇痛镇静治疗，改善患者的预后。.

A new rotary volumetric pump, called a ‘Sliding-Vane Rotary Pump (SVRP)’, which was applied in the Xinjiang oilfield for its resistance to high temperature in well downhole was introduced in this paper. Compared to a conventional artificial lift pump, the volumetric efficiency and the energy saving are the obvious advantages of this pump. Based on the analysis of SVRP’s internal mechanical structure, the inner pressure distribution model of SVRP was established according to the compressibility of crude oil. Then, the load torque of both sides of the sliding-vane was calculated on the basis of the SVRP chamber pressure distribution model that has been established in the paper, and then the SVRP load torque curve was plotted. The pump load torque curve trend is consistent with the trend of the pressure curve. A conclusion was drawn that the ‘sealed angular difference’ of SVRP should be optimized to reduce the pump leakage and load torque for the reason of chamber pressure difference. The pressure va...

To explore whether microRNA-615-3p participates in the progression of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by inhibiting differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to alveolar type II epithelial cells (ATII) via Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Expression levels of microRNA-615-3p and inflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) in peripheral blood of 24 neonatal ARDS patients and 14 healthy newborns were detected by qRT-PCR (quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction). MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of mice and identified by flow cytometry. The effect of microRNA-615-3p on regulating the differentiation of MSCs to ATII was analyzed. After altering expressions of microRNA-615-3p and DKK1 by plasmids transfection, Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes were detected by Western blot.Higher expression levels of microRNA-615-3p and inflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) were observed in peripheral blood of neonatal ARDS patients than those of healthy newborns. ATII-specific genes were upregulated, and inflammatory factors were downregulated after the microRNA-615-3p knockdown in MSCs. Moreover, expressions of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes were downregulated after the microRNA-615-3p overexpression, which was partially reserved by the DKK1 knockdown.Overexpressed microRNA-615-3p promoted ARDS development through inhibiting differentiation of MSCs to ATII via Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Family-based cohort study is a special type of study design, in which biological samples and environmental exposure information of the member in a family are collected and related follow up is conducted. Family-based cohort study can be applied to explore the effect of genetic factors, environmental factors, gene-gene interaction, and gene-environment interaction in the etiology of complex diseases. This paper summarizes the objectives, methods and results, as well as the opportunities and challenges of the family-based cohort study on common chronic non-communicable diseases in rural population in northern China.家系队列研究是一种特殊的队列研究方法，以家系为单位收集研究对象的生物样本和环境暴露信息，并进行随访，为探索复杂性疾病病因研究中遗传、环境、基因-基因和基因-环境交互作用提供重要资源。本文将对"北方农村地区居民常见慢性非传染性疾病的家系队列研究"的目标、方法、初步结果、机遇与挑战进行简单介绍。.

The members of the LUNG SAFE Investigators and the ESICM Trials Group were provided in such a way that they could not be indexed as collaborators on PubMed. The publisher apologizes for this error.

To identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which may be associated with multifocal and multicentric breast cancer (MMBC) by analyzing the differential expression of non-coding RNA in MMBC and unifocal breast cancers (UBC).156 cases of invasive MMBC patients (136 patients with 2 focuses and 20 patients with 3 focuses) and 130 cases of UBC were collected from January 2005 to December 2015 in Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital. The differentially expressed lncRNAs in MMBC and UBC were screened by gene chip. RT-PCR was used to verify the differentially expressed lncRNAs.Significantly different expression was found in 1080 lncRNAs between MMBC and UBC (FC4, p0.05), among which, 458 were upregulated and 622 were down-regulated. In homologous lncRNAs, the expression levels of four lncRNAs including C19orf33, C3orf52, C15orf48 and C4orf19 in MMBC tissue were significantly different than those in UBC tissues. RT-PCR verified that the expression of C19orf33, C3orf52 and C15orf48 in MMBC tissue was significantly up-regulated and the expression of C4orf19 was significantly down-regulated, which was consistent with that of gene chip.C19orf33, C3orf52, C15orf48 and C4orf19 may have important functions in MMBC, and may be used as markers for MMBC.

Tree improvement for important species is over 30 years old in the province of New Brunswick, Canada, and enough data have been accumulated to perform an economic analysis. In this study, we conducted a benefit–cost analysis of an ongoing, first generation, 6.5 ha white spruce clonal seed orchard, established in 1985–1987 in Lower Queensbury, New Brunswick. This seed orchard has provided seed for reforestation on Crown lands in the province since 1993. The analysis was undertaken by evaluating the present values of relative costs, benefits, and benefit/cost ratios (BCRs) associated with a plantation management strategy that uses the Lower Queensbury clonal seed orchard (LQ_CSO) versus one that uses wild stand (unselected) seeds. Cash flows were based on actual costs for the LQ_CSO (including orchard establishment and management, progeny test establishment and maintenance, and data analysis), and projected revenue increases from the genetic gains associated with the LQ_CSO relative to the unselected seedlot. Genetic gains at rotation ages were predicted using a growth and yield model that used 20-year old data collected from a realized gain test, and considered two rotation ages (40 and 50 years) along with two management scenarios (with vs. without commercial thinning). A number of discount rates (from 4 to 8 %) were also assessed. Findings indicated that the BCRs ranged from 12.5 to 0.4, depending on the scenario considered, with a majority being >1. BCRs increased when commercial thinning was applied, but declined marginally when the rotation age was extended from 40 to 50 years. Overall, the results demonstrated that the establishment of the LQ_CSO was an excellent investment for all scenarios when the discount rate was

Four nanoparticle compositions, Fe–21, 35, 47, and 67 at. % Au, have been prepared to study the phase stability and solid-state transformation in confined Fe–Au nanoalloys. The formation of two phases, predicted from bulk thermodynamics, has been suppressed in all compositions. Instead, a single phase solid solution forms after heat treatment at 600 °C and slow cooling. However, bulk phase relationships, signified by the precipitation of α-Fe upon cooling, was observed in larger particles (>20 nm) with composition Fe–35 at. % Au. The suppression of the phase transformation/precipitation in small particles is explained thermodynamically, as the free energy decrease associated with the phase transformation does not exceed the increase in energy due to the introduction of an interphase interface (grain boundary) within the cluster. A general equation has been derived to predict the critical cluster size below which transformations are inhibited, which agrees well with the observed experimental results.

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to consolidate a Fe–16Cr–3Al (wt.%) powder that was mechanically alloyed with Y 2 O 3 and Ti powders to produce 0.5 Y 2 O 3 and 0.5 Y 2 O 3 –1Ti powders. The effects of mechanical alloying and sintering conditions on the microstructure, relative density and hardness of the sintered oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys are presented. Scanning electron microscopy indicated a mixed fine-grain and coarse-grain microstructure that was attributed to recrystallization and grain growth during sintering. Analysis of the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT) data identified Y–O and Y–O–Ti nanoclusters. Elemental ratios of these nanoclusters were consistent with that observed in hot-extruded ODS alloys. The influence of Ti was to refine the grains as well as the nanoclusters with there being greater number density and smaller sizes of the Y–O–Ti nanoclusters as compared to the Y–O nanoclusters. This resulted in the Ti-containing samples being harder than the Ti-free alloys. The hardness of the alloys with the Y–O–Ti nanoclusters was insensitive to sintering time while smaller hardness values were associated with longer sintering times for the alloys with the Y–O nanoclusters. Pressures greater than 80 MPa are recommended for improved densification as higher sintering temperatures and longer sintering times at 80 MPa did not improve the relative density beyond 97.5%.

Nanoscale oxides play an important role in oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys for improved high temperature creep resistance and enhanced radiation damage tolerance. In this study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT) were combined to investigate two novel Fe-16Cr-3Mo (wt.%) based ODS alloys. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to consolidate the ODS alloys from powders that were milled with 0.5 wt.% Y2O3 powder only or with Y2O3 powder and 1 wt.% Ti. TEM characterization revealed that both alloys have a bimodal structure of nanometer-size (∼ 100 – 500 nm) and micron-size grains with nanostructured oxide precipitates formed along and close to grain boundaries with diameters ranging from five to tens of nanometers. APT provides further quantitative analyses of the oxide precipitates, and also reveals Mo segregation at grain boundaries next to oxide precipitates. The alloys with and without Ti are compared based on their microstructures.

Neonatal septicemia (NS) is a common cause of death of newborn infants, hence early diagnosis and treatment are of the utmost importance. However, lack of specific clinical symptoms and late detection delay a correct diagnosis. It is therefore of great importance to establish auxiliary indexes for the early diagnosis of NS. To evaluate the value of interleukin (IL-6 and IL-8) in the diagnosis of NS, a prospective study was carried out. Seventy-five newborns who developed septicemia and received treatment in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 were selected as research subjects; also, 50 healthy newborns were set as a control group. The levels of serum IL-6 and IL-8 were compared between the two groups. Results demonstrated that levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and IL-8 of the septicemia group were higher than those of the control group on admission, although the difference had no statistical significance (P less than 0.05); the septicemia group had higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores but lower pediatric critical illness scores (PCIS) compared to the control group (P less than 0.05); levels of CRP, IL-6 and IL-8 were in positive correlation to the SOFA scores and in negative correlation to PCIS. Analysis of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve demonstrated that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 85.7%, 80.2% and 81.8%, respectively, when IL-6 level was set as 32 pg/mL, 78.1%, 64.2% and 66.9%, respectively when IL-8 level was set as 54 pg/mL, and 71.4%, 86.3% and 82.7% respectively, when detection of IL-6 and IL-8 were combined together. Hence it can be concluded that: IL-6 and IL-8 are involved in inflammatory reactions; levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were correlated to the severity of the infection; the value of IL-6 is higher than that of IL-8 in the diagnosis of neonatal septicemia and the combined detection of IL-6 and IL-8 can improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of neonatal septicemia.

Five mitochondrial (mt) protein-encoding genes (COX1, COX2, CytB, ND4 and ND5) from the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), were sequenced and compared with those of 3 other Cecidomyiidae species, Mayetiola destructor, Rhopalomyia pomum, and Asphondylia rosetta. These genes shared similar AT content (74.0–80.1%) and base substitution bias in favour of transversions (68.87–79.72%) over transitions (20.28–37.04%). Substitution saturation analyses indicated fast saturation of transitional substitutions in COX2, CytB, ND4 and ND5, especially at the 3rd codon positions. Analysis of interspecific divergence among the 4 species showed that the sequence divergence rates (evolutionary rates) were in the order of ND4 = CytB > COX2 = ND5 > COX1. Intraspecific genetic polymorphism analysis within the field populations of S. mosellana indicated that ND4 had the highest genetic polymorphism and COX1 the lowest. Genetic variation patterns suggested that COX1 could be used as a molecular marker for phylogenetic analysis across a relatively wide taxonomic range in Cecidomyiidae, while COX2 and ND5 may be useful for estimating relationships at a subgenus level or among closely related species. With its high genetic polymorphism, ND4 is the molecular marker most suitable for population genetics studies. These findings will be valuable for our further understanding and studies in evolutionary biology and population genetics for S. mosellana and other Cecidomyiidae insects.

Oxygen and carbon are important elements in stellar populations. Their behavior refers to the formation history of the stellar populations. C and O abundances would also obviously influence stellar opacities and the overall metal abundance $Z$. With observed high-quality spectroscopic properties, we construct stellar models with C and O elements, to give more accurate ages for 70 metal-poor dwarfs, which have been determined to be high-$\alpha$ halo, low-$\alpha$ halo and thick-disk stars. Our results show that high-$\alpha$ halo stars are relatively older than low-$\alpha$ halo stars by around 2.0 Gyr. The thick-disk population has an age range between the two halo populations. The age distribution profiles indicate that high-$\alpha$ halo and low-$\alpha$ halo stars match the in situ accretion simulation by Zolotov et al., and the thick-disk stars might be formed in a relatively quiescent and long-lasting process. We also note that stellar ages are very sensitive to O abundance, since the ages clearly increase with increasing [O/Fe] values. Additionally, we obtain several stars with peculiar ages, including 2 young thick-disk stars and 12 stars older than the universe age., Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, ApJ accepted

To understand the prevalence of depression in HIV/AIDS patients who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART), and identify the influencing factors for depression.A total of 180 HIV/AIDS outpatients receiving HAART were recruited in a cross-sectional survey at the first hospital of Changsha from June to December 2015. The SDS questionnaire(SDS score≥50)was used to screen depression patients and psychological CT was used to confirm the depression. The influencing factors were identified through multivariate logistic analysis.Forty eight patients showed depressive symptoms in preliminary screening(26.67%), and 33 patients were diagnosed with depression(18.33%). HIV/AIDS related stigma and discrimination scale score 20-40(OR=0.093, 95%CI: 0.020-0.431)was the protective factors. Living alone(OR=5.062, 95% CI: 1.626-15.764), HIV related diseases in recent three months(OR=3.778, 95% CI: 1.113-12.826)were the risk factors.More attention should be paid to the depression in HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART. The mental health care for these patients needs to be improved in clinic practice.