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Hearing loss is socially significant problem. About 30% of all cases are due to sensorineural hearing loss. Taking into consideration its polyethiologic nature treatment tactics should be complex. Drugs, that are able to reduce neuropathy development, should be an integral part of treatment. Most of neurotropic vitamins improve metabolic and enhance the regenerative processes in neuroepithelium. For this purpose vitamins B1, B6 and B12 are ordinary used, for many years they are included in the complex treatment of diseases of the peripheral nervous system. One of the combined medicinal vitamins is neuromultivitis.

Clinical and audiological investigation of 100 children with indications for cochlear implantation was made. Indirect signs of intrauterine infection were identified, as well as the presence of predisposing factors to the development of exudative otitis media. During the investigation frequency of exudative otitis media (up to 21%) in children with high grade sensoneural hearing loss was made. The severity of lymphoproliferative syndrome and it’s combination with herpesvirus infection markers (Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus). It was found out, that in group of patients with combination of high grade sensoneural hearing loss and exudative otitis media lymphoproliferative syndrome in more, than 77% cases had herpesvirus ethiology and significantly exceed the same data in group of patients with isolated hearing loss.

The article presents the published data about pathology of the middle ear: acute and chronic, modern methods of the medical therapy and features of surgical tactics choice.