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OBJECTIVE: To explore the incidence of ischemic stroke after the onset of type 2 diabetes, and further analyze the risk factors, so as to provide a basis for further research. METHODS: The data were obtained from the database of the Beijing Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance Database. The study used a prospective design to describe the incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes. In our study, these patients were followed up for seven years. Multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: A total of 185 813 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled, with an average age of (58.5±13.2) years, and 49.0% of them were males. A total of 10 393 patients with newly diagnosed ischemic stroke occurred in 7 years, with a cumulative incidence of 5.6% and an incidence density of 8.1/1 000 person-years. Ischemic stroke occurred in all age groups in patients with type 2 diabetes. The cumulative incidence was 1.5% (95%CI: 1.3%-1.6%) in group ≤44 years old, 3.6% (95%CI: 3.4%-3.7%) in group 45-54 years old, 5.4% (95%CI: 5.2%-5.5%) in group 55-64 years old, and 9.2% (95%CI: 9.0%-9.4%) in group ≥65 years old, and the cumulative incidence increased with age (P < 0.05). Cumulative incidence rate of the males (6.8%, 95%CI: 6.7%-7.0%) was higher than the females (4.4%, 95%CI: 4.3%-4.6%). Among the patients < 80 years old, the cumulative incidence rate of the males was higher than that of the females in all the age groups. In the patients ≥80 years of age, the cumulative incidence was higher in the females (9.2%) than in the males (7.9%). Further analysis revealed that complications, such as coronary heart disease (OR=3.18, 95%CI: 2.72-3.72), heart failure (OR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.32-1.79) and kidney failure (OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.20-1.75) were associated with ischemic stroke in the patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION: The incidence level of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes is high. It is necessary to strengthen the management of risk factors in elderly patients, screen the complications of type 2 diabetes as early as possible, and take active preventive and control measures.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of screening in epidemiology is essential for public health decision-making. This paper describes the general principles, basic steps involved in implementation, analytic methods and other related issues of Markov model. Based on a practical research case of evaluating the cost-effectiveness of primary open-angle glaucoma screening in a Chinese population, key points in applications of Markov model for cost-effectiveness analysis of screening were discussed in detail, including model development, parameters definition, available software, base case analysis, sensitivity analysis and the interpretation of the results. For better supporting evidence-informed decision making in public health, future studies should be aware of the accuracy of parameters in Markov models and the transparency of the models and results, as well as complying with the relevant reporting standards.流行病学筛查的成本效果分析是进行公共卫生决策的重要依据。本文介绍了马尔可夫模型（Markov model）的基本原理、构建步骤、分析方法和相关注意事项。通过中国社区人群中开展的原发性开角型青光眼筛查成本效果分析的实例，从模型构建、参数设置、软件应用、基础分析、敏感性分析和结果解读等方面，详细讨论了马尔可夫模型用于筛查成本效果分析的要点。后续研究应注意马尔可夫模型参数的准确性和研究结果的透明度，并且需要按照相应的报告规范开展流行病学筛查的成本效果分析，以便更好地为公共卫生决策提供科学证据。.

Based on Yichang health big data platform, 850 608 patients from September 2018 to September 2019 were included in this study. According to the date of birth, the participants were divided into early childhood famine exposure group, fetal famine exposure group and non-famine exposure group. The incidence of adult herpes zoster (HZ) in Yichang city was analyzed, and the correlation between early life famine exposure and adult HZ was analyzed. In 2019, the crude incidence rate of adult HZ in Yichang was 6.83‰. The crude incidence rate of adult HZ in females (7.26‰) was higher than that in males (6.40‰). Compared with the non-famine exposure group, fetal famine exposure was associated with the incidence of adult HZ (基于宜昌健康大数据平台，纳入2018年9月至2019年9月期间的850 608例就诊患者为研究对象，根据出生日期将研究对象分为儿童早期饥荒暴露组、胎儿期饥荒暴露组和非饥荒暴露组，分析宜昌市成人带状疱疹（HZ）发病情况并分析生命早期饥荒暴露与成年HZ的相关性。2019年宜昌市城区成年HZ粗发病率6.83‰，女性（7.26‰）高于男性（6.40‰）。与非饥荒暴露组相比，胎儿期饥荒暴露与成年HZ发病相关（

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence and related factors of osteoarthritis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and provided a scientific basis for the prevention of the comorbidity. METHODS: The data were obtained from the database of all designated medical institutions in Beijing from 2015 to 2017. Data of the adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were collected for descriptive analysis, and a Logistic regression model was used to explore the related factors of osteoarthritis in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: A total of 1 046 264 diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus adult patients were included in our study, with an average age of 63.07 years, and 50.78% were males. Among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there were 341 561 cases with osteoarthritis, and the prevalence of osteoarthritis was 32.65%. The prevalence of females (38.05%) was higher than that of males (27.41%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Osteoarthritis occurred in all age groups among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the highest prevalence of osteoarthritis in the age group of 65-69 years (36.76%), and the lowest prevalence in the age group ≤44 years (14.3%). Before the age of 70, the prevalence increased with age. Further analysis of related factors for osteoarthritis in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus showed that female (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.61-1.63), age (OR=1.01, 95%CI: 1.01-1.01), had other comorbidities (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.18-1.21), used hypoglycemic drugs (OR=0.79, 95%CI: 0.78-0.80), having the cardiovascular disease (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.11-1.15), having cerebrovascular disease (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.23-1.28), and having nephropathy (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.51-1.71) were associated with the osteoarthritis in the type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the prevalence of osteoarthritis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is high in Beijing area. Health education and disease monitoring should be strengthened in middle-aged and elderly patients. Screening for comorbidities should be carried out as soon as possible, with the focus on menopausal women.

Bulk nanocrystalline Nd–Fe–B magnets are prepared by the hot-pressing method at different temperatures of 450 °C–650 °C. The initial magnetization curve changes from a single-phase magnetization for the magnets prepared below 600 °C to a two-phase magnetization for the magnets prepared at 650 °C. The Henkel plot is also measured to investigate the exchange coupling interaction, and the results show that two positive peaks occur on the $\delta \text{M}$ curve for the magnet prepared at 650 °C. Scanning electron microscopy results show that the (Pr, Nd)-rich phase is aggregated along the gaps of the ribbons at 650 °C, and the (Pr, Nd)-rich phase behaves magnetically soft property. The inhomogeneous microstructure caused by the aggregation of (Pr, Nd)-rich phase with the temperature increase leads to the change in magnetization behaviors.

心原性休克是经导管主动脉瓣膜置换（TAVR）围术期严重急性并发症之一，体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）及左心辅助装置Impella等机械辅助装置为其重要救治手段。该文报道1例主动脉瓣重度关闭不全患者，在行经心尖途径TAVR过程中出现心跳骤停，立即予心肺复苏并及时置入人工瓣膜，患者循环未恢复，遂进行体外循环， ECMO辅助下返回病房，但患者心功能改善不明显，后置入Impella。患者逐渐好转，康复出院，术后1、3个月随访恢复良好。与ECMO相比，Impella可直接降低左心室的负荷，有助于瓣膜病合并循环障碍患者的心功能恢复。.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we used genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to explore whether WNT pathway genes were associated with non-syndromic oral clefts (NSOC) considering gene-gene interaction and gene-environment interaction. METHODS: We conducted the analysis using 806 non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) case-parent trios and 202 non-syndromic cleft palate (NSCP) case-parent trios among Chinese populations selected from an international consortium established for a GWAS of non-syndromic oral clefts. Genotype data and maternal environmental exposures were collected through DNA samples and questionnaires. Conditional Logistic regression models were adopted to explore gene-gene interaction and gene-environment in teraction using trio package in R software. The threshold of significance level was set as 3.47×10(-4) using Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: A total of 144 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven genes passed the quality control process in NSCL/P trios and NSCP trios, respectively. Totally six pairs of SNPs interactions showed statistically significant SNP-SNP interaction (P < 3.47×10(-4)) after Bonferroni correction, which were rs7618735 (WNT5A) and rs10848543 (WNT5B), rs631948 (WNT11) and rs556874 (WNT5A), and rs631948 (WNT11) and rs472631 (WNT5A) among NSCL/P trios; rs589149 (WNT11) and rs4765834 (WNT5B), rs1402704 (WNT11) and rs358792 (WNT5A), and rs1402704 (WNT11) and rs358793 (WNT5A) among NSCP trios, respectively. In addition, no significant result was found for gene-environment interaction analysis in both of the NSCL/P trios and NSCP trios. CONCLUSION: Though this study failed to detect significant association based on gene-environment interactions of seven WNT pathway genes and the risk of NSOC, WNT pathway genes may influence the risk of NSOC through potential gene-gene interaction.

OBJECTIVE: To validate five-year risk prediction models for stroke in a contemporary rural Northern Chinese population. METHODS: Totally 6 483 rural adults aged 40 to 79 years without cardiovascular diseases were enrolled at baseline between June and August 2010, and followed up through January 2017. Expected prediction risk using the China-PAR (prediction for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in China) stroke risk equations were compared with the new Framingham stroke risk profile (FSRP). The recalibrated models were applied by adjusting the five-year baseline survival rate and the mean score to our rural northern Chinese population, while keeping other coefficient parameters the same as the original models. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to obtain the observed event (nonfatal or fatal stroke) rate for the five years, and the expected-observed ratios were calculated to evaluate overestimation or underestimation in the cohort. The models were assessed by discrimination C statistic, calibration χ(2), and calibration charts and plots for illustration as well. RESULTS: Over an average of (5.83 ± 1.14) years of the follow-up in this validation cohort with 6 483 rural Chinese participants, 438 subjects deve-loped a first stroke event. Recalibrated China-PAR stroke risk equations and FSRP well-performed for predicting five-year stroke risk in men, and had C statistics of 0.709 (95%CI, 0.675 - 0.743) and 0.721 (95%CI, 0.688 - 0.754), with calibration χ(2) values being 5.7 (P = 0.770) and 13.6 (P = 0.137), respectively. However, both China-PAR and FSRP overestimated stroke events by 11.6% and 30.0% in women, and had C statistics of 0.713 (95%CI, 0.684-0.743) and 0.710 (95%CI, 0.679-0.740), respectively. Calibration χ(2) values in women were 12.5 (P = 0.188) for China-PAR and 24.0 (P = 0.004) for FSRP. In addition, the calibration charts and plots illustrated good agreement between the observations and the predictions only in the China-PAR stroke risk equations, especially for men. CONCLUSION: In this validation cohort of rural northern Chinese adults, the China-PAR models had better performance of five-year stroke risk prediction than the FSRP, indicating that recalibrated China-PAR stroke risk equations might be appropriate tools for risk assessment and primary prevention of stroke in China.

In general, the application conditions of linear regression models could be met after the natural logarithmic transformation of data. From the practical perspective, this paper introduced the linear regression models with natural logarithmic transformation of independent variable, dependent variable, and both independent and dependent variables in detail. The paper illustrated why the equation and coefficients could not be directly explained after the natural logarithmic transformation of data. The percentage changes of一般情况下，数据自然对数转换可使变量满足线性回归的应用条件。本文从实际应用出发，介绍了在进行线性回归分析时，自变量自然对数转换、因变量自然对数转换和两者都进行自然对数转换后，不能直接用

From 1987 to 2017, cardiovascular disease (CVD) had been ranking the first cause of death in Suzhou, and the mortality rate showed an upward trend annual percentage changes (APC=0.62%,1987—2017年苏州市心血管疾病（CVD）一直位于死因顺位首位，死亡率呈现上升趋势[年度变化百分比（APC）=0.62%

Objective To select and develop a SNP-STR multiplex amplification system with genetic markers compatible with current STR databases. To understand its genetic polymorphisms in Sichuan Han population and its application value in DNA mixture analysis. Methods Based on the STR genetic markers in commercial kits, SNPs adjacent to these STR markers were selected to be SNP-STR genetic markers. A SNP-STR multiplex amplification system with genetic markers based on allele-specific amplification was constructed using allele-specific amplification primers. The genetic polymorphism of the system in the Sichuan Han population was investigated and the efficiency of systems with different numbers of loci to detect the two individual DNA mixture samples was evaluated. Results An allele-specific multiplex amplification system constituted of 13 SNP-STR genetic markers was selected and constructed. In Sichuan Han population, the heterozygosity of each locus ranged from 0.76 to 0.88, and the combined discrimination power reached 0.999 999 999 999 999 968. In the analysis of the two individual DNA mixture samples： for single-locus amplification, the genotype of the minor components can still be detected when the mixture ratio reaches 1 000∶1; for multiple loci multiplex amplification, the maximum mixture ratio can reach 500∶1. As the number of loci in the system increased, the detection efficiency of the minor components in the DNA mixture decreased. Conclusion SNP-STR genetic markers have a higher polymorphism than STR. The multiplex amplification system made of SNP-STR genetic markers has a better analysis efficiency for mixed samples than traditional STR multiplex amplification system.SNP-STR遗传标记复合扩增体系的构建及法医学应用.目的 筛选并构建与目前STR数据库兼容的SNP-STR遗传标记复合扩增体系，调查其在四川汉族群体中的遗传多态性，并探讨其在混合DNA样本分析中的应用价值。 方法 以现有商业试剂盒中使用的STR遗传标记为基础，筛选与STR遗传标记相邻的SNP位点并组成SNP-STR遗传标记。运用SNP等位基因设计特异性引物，构建基于等位基因特异性扩增的SNP-STR遗传标记复合扩增体系。调查该体系在四川汉族群体的遗传多态性，并评价不同位点数目的体系对两个体混合DNA样本的检测效能。 结果 筛选并构建了由13个SNP-STR遗传标记构成的等位基因特异性复合扩增体系。在四川汉族群体中，各位点杂合度为0.76~0.88，累积个体识别率达0.999 999 999 999 999 968。在对两个体混合DNA的分析中：单位点扩增时，混合样本的混合比例达到1 000∶1时依然可以检测到少量成分所特有的分型；多位点复合扩增时，混合比例最大可达500∶1；随着体系中位点数量的增加，对混合DNA中少量成分的检测效能降低。 结论 SNP-STR遗传标记较STR具有更高的多态性，其构成的复合扩增体系对混合样本的分析效能优于传统的STR复合扩增体系。.法医遗传学；多态性，单核苷酸；短串联重复；等位基因特异性聚合酶链反应；混合DNA.

Net primary production (NPP) is a central and fundamental carbon-related term in global change studies. We proposed a top-down method to quantifying forest NPP which overcomes the deficits of the traditional bottom-up method. The new top-down method combines eddy flux data, climate variables, tree inventory and metabolic theory. Our method was tested in six forests and provides reliable annual NPP estimations which are consistent with bottom-up results. Carbon use efficiency also supports this new method. Taking advantage of fine temporal resolution of our top-down method, we examined whether and confirmed NPP was well correlated with leaf area index at a seasonal scale, as suggested by past studies. The potential value of our new method as a standard NPP method is high because of the world-wide network on eddy tower and inventory plot, however further data of performance of the new method is needed to fully evaluate its performance under different conditions.

Logistic regression is a kind of multiple regression method to analyze the relationship between a binary outcome or categorical outcome and multiple influencing factors, including multiple logistic regression, conditional logistic regression, polytomous logistic regression, ordinal logistic regression and adjacent categorical logistic regression. This paper illustrates the basic principle, independent variable selection and assignment, applied condition, model evaluation and diagnosis for multiple logistic regression model. Moreover, the principle and application for polytomous logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression models were also introduced. By providing SAS codes and detailed explanations of the result for an example of obesity, readers could be able to better understand logistic regression model, and apply this method correctly to their research and daily work, so as to improve their capacity of the data analysis.logistic回归是研究一个二分类或多分类反应变量与多个影响因素之间关系的多因素分析方法，它由一族回归模型组成，包括二分类结果的多重logistic回归、配对资料的条件logistic回归、多分类结果的logistic回归、有序结果的累积优势logistic回归和有序结果的相邻优势logistic回归。本文从实际应用的角度出发，介绍多重logistic回归分析方法，包括模型原理、自变量筛选及赋值、应用条件、模型评价和模型诊断等内容，也阐述了多分类结果变量的logistic回归和有序结果的累积优势logistic回归的原理和应用，并结合实例给出SAS程序和结果解释，以帮助读者掌握logistic回归分析方法，在科研和工作实践中能正确使用，以提高数据使用效率和统计分析水平。.

In order to underst and the status of health emergency personnel training development and raising coping measures, electronic questionnaire surveys were conducted among 22 colleges and universities in different region of China. The result showed that colleges universities in China invested less in the training of emergency personnel. It is different and emphasized particularly for the cultivation of emergency professional ability among different types of public health students. Universities and employer hold relative evaluation of students' emergency professional ability with distinct regional differences.为了解中国应急型人才的培养现状，并提出应对措施，本研究对中国不同地区22所高等院校进行电子问卷调查。结果显示中国高等院校针对应急型人才的培养投入较少，对不同类型研究生实践应急能力的培养有所侧重。高等院校和用人单位对研究生实践应急处理能力的评价较低且具有明显地区差异。.

To investigate the current status of postgraduates training in public health and preventive medicine in China. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among directors of enrollment and teaching in 22 universities with postgraduate admission qualifications in corresponding disciplines nationwide. In 2016, full-time postgraduates were mainly academic masters. In addition to the graduate entrance examination, the common enrollment mode in colleges was to enroll a high qualified student with recommendations from relevant experts or institutions and an exemption from entrance examination (20/22). The emphasis on training contents between academic and public health master was different. Currently, the scale of public health postgraduate enrollment in public health and preventive medicine in China is stable, and the training program is reasonable, but there is an issue of monotonous model and uneven distribution of enrollment.为了解中国公共卫生和预防医学专业研究生培养现状，本研究于2016年对22所具有该学科研究生招生资格的高等院校招生和教学负责人进行问卷调查。2016年全日制研究生以学术型硕士为主。除了考试外，各个院校最常见的招生模式为推荐免试（20/22），学术型和公共卫生硕士的侧重培养内容有所差别。现阶段我国公共卫生研究生招生规模稳定，培养方案较为合理，同时存在招生模式单一和分布不均衡的情况。.

Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) is a generalization of simple linear regression and is one of the commonly used models in multivariate statistical analysis. This article introduces the MLR model from the perspective of practical application. Four parts, including basic principle, application examples, the application condition and diagnosis, and the extension of the model, are sequentially illustrated in this article. Particularly, in the last part, alternative methods of the model are introduced when the application condition of the model is not met. We sincerely hope that this article could make our audiences have a better understanding of the MLR model in order to improve the efficiency of data utilization and statistical analysis by correctly performing this model in their research.多重线性回归（MLR）是简单线性回归的推广，是多变量统计分析中的常用方法之一。本文从实际应用的角度出发，介绍多重线性回归分析方法。内容重点包括多重线性回归基本原理、应用实例拟合及结果解释、模型应用条件及模型诊断、MLR的扩展应用四大部分。特别是在第四部分方法扩展应用中，简要介绍了对于多重现性回归条件不满足的时候可以用哪些方法进行替代。以期读者对多重线性回归分析有所了解，在科研工作中能正确使用多变量回归模型分析，提高数据使用效率和统计分析水平。.

Objective: The associations between dietary fat intake and cognitive function are inconsistent and inconclusive. This study aimed to provide a quantitative synthesis of prospective cohort studies on the relationship between dietary fat intake and cognitive function among older adults. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases were searched for prospective cohort studies published in English before March 2018 reporting cognitive outcomes in relation to dietary fat intake. Four binary incident outcomes included were mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD) and cognitive impairment. The categories of dietary fat intake were based on fat consumption or the percentage of energy from fat consumption, including dichotomies, tertiles, quartiles and quintiles. The relative risk (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was pooled using a random effects model. Results: Nine studies covering a total of 23,402 participants were included. Compared with the lowest category of consumption, the highest category of saturated fat intake was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment (RR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.02-1.91) and AD (RR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.09-3.20). The total and unsaturated fat intake was not statistically associated with cognitive outcomes with significant between-study heterogeneity. Conclusion: This study reported a detrimental association between saturated fat intake and cognitive impairment and mixed results between unsaturated fat intake and selected cognitive outcomes. Given the substantial heterogeneity in the sample size and methodology used across studies, the evidence presented here should be interpreted with caution.

In order to understand the status of the cultivation of the masters of public health (MPH) in colleges in China and improve the cultivation model, an electronic questionnaire survey were conducted among 22 schools of public health in colleges. The result showed that the size and the enrolment scale of Chinese MPH students were relatively small, and the training objectives were still unclear. There was no obvious difference between the curriculum setting for MPH and academic master degree. The practical skill-oriented courses and emergency response ability of public health practice were insufficient. The cultivation model of MPH should be improved in future.为了解中国高等院校公共卫生硕士（MPH）人才培养现状，完善培养模式，对全国22所高校公共卫生学院进行电子问卷调查。结果显示，中国MPH在校学生规模和招生规模均较低，培养目标不明确，课程设置与全日制学术学位研究生无明显区别，实践型课程不足，缺乏公共卫生实践应急处理能力，需要改进MPH的培养方式。.

Analyses of the multivariate regression model are ued very widely in the medical research. Analytical methods of the mutivariate regression model including multiple linear regression, logistic regression, Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazard model were introduced in this article. The contents of the article covered the application conditions of regression models, analytical procedures, strategies of selecting independent variables, extended discussions of regression models and application notes. It is expected that authors could understand the principle of the mutivariate regression model, accurately use these analytical methods in their research, improve the efficiency of data utilization, and enhance the level of statistical analyses.多变量回归模型分析在医学研究中的应用非常广泛。本文从实际应用的角度出发，介绍常用的多变量回归分析方法：多重线性回归、logistic回归、Poisson回归和Cox比例风险回归模型，内容包括多变量回归模型的应用条件、分析步骤、自变量筛选策略、模型扩展讨论和应用注意事项。以期读者对多变量回归分析有所了解，在科研工作中能正确使用多变量回归模型分析，提高数据使用效率和统计分析水平。.

As a kind of limitation device of explosive products and shock wave, explosion containment vessel is widely used in military and civil fields. Due to its own structural characteristics, Mach wave convergence and collision will occur near the pole of the end cover of the cylindrical explosion containment vessel, resulting in a great pressure jump and seriously affecting the strain response characteristics of the end cover. In this paper, by means of experiment and numerical simulation, the distribution of flow field inside the end cover was explored, and it was found that the initial load of the end cover pole included the first incident wave of internal explosion, convergent re-incident wave of central section and the Mach wave convergence wave. By analyzing the strain spectrum, it is found that the different frequencies are excited by loads at different locations, so that the energy distribution under each frequency of strain is different, resulting in differences of strain. These results can provide reference for the design of explosion containment vessel.

The AZ91D (AZ91), Mg78Zn22 (MZ) and Mg73Zn22Ca5 (MZC) alloys are cast in ingots and then spun in ribbons with crystalline, semi-amorphous and fully amorphous structures, respectively. The α-Mg dendritic degree of ingots ranks as AZ91 ≤ MZ ≤ MZC. Three as-spun ribbons have a similar decolorization rate constant k on methyl blue (MB) solution; the immersed amorphous MZC ribbon has a much higher k than its as-spun counterpart, while the immersed AZ91 and MZ ribbons have a much lower k than their as-spun counterparts. The immersed MZC ribbon has an excellent reusability in MB decolorization due to the developed nanoporous luffa-sponge-like structures on ribbon surface, which possibly can be ascribed to the intrinsic netlike structural units in the amorphous and liquid states and to the structural heredity during solidification. This work not only provides a benign, efficient and low-cost decolorizer for the synthetic dyes, but also expands the application field of Mg-based amorphous alloys.

Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) MALAT1 is an important regulatory molecule in many diseases, especially in ovarian cancer. We aimed at exploring the function of MALAT1 in ovarian cancer and at clarifying its mechanisms.The expression level of MALAT1 in ovarian cancer tissues, para-carcinoma tissues and ovarian cancer cell lines were analyzed by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The cell proliferation rate was detected by CCK8 assay in SKOV3 and HO8910 cells. Transwell was used to detect the invasion and migration activities in SKOV3 and HO8910 cells. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate were measured by flow cytometry analysis. The expression level of Dvl2, GSK-3β, β-catenin and cyclin D1 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.The relative expression level of MALAT1 was identified to be aberrantly up-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. The high expression level of MALAT1 was associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. The down-regulation of MALAT1 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration, arrested cell cycle progression in S phase and induced cell apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. Meanwhile, the down-regulation of MALAT1 decreased the expression level of DVL2, β-catenin and cyclin D1 and increased the expression level of GSK-3β in SKOV3 and HO8910 cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of MALAT1 down-regulation in cell invasion and migration was reversed by SKL2001 activating Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway and enhanced by XAV939 inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.MALAT1 was overexpressed in ovarian cancer and associated to the poor prognosis. The down-regulation of MALAT1 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration, arrested cell cycle progression in S phase and induced cell apoptosis by restraining the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cells.

To estimate the potential health benefit of screening strategies for cardiovascular diseases primary prevention in a rural northern Chinese population.A total of 6 221 adults aged 40-74 years old, from rural Beijing, China and free from cardiovascular diseases at baseline were included. The following screening strategies were compared: Strategy 1, the strategy based on numbers of risk factors recommended by the Chinese Guideline for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in people aged 40-74; Strategy 2, screening people aged 40-74 based on the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) risk prediction model; Strategy 3, screening people aged 50-74 using the China-PAR risk prediction model. Participates who were classified into medium- or high-risk by the corresponding strategies would be introduced to lifestyle intervention, while high risk population would take medication in addition. Markov model was used to compare the potential health benefits within 10 years in each scenario, which applied the parameters from this rural northern Chinese cohort, published literatures, meta-analyses and systematic reviews, clinical trials and other cohort studies of Chinese population. Quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) events/deaths could be prevented and number needed to be screened (NNS) per QALY gained/per CVD event prevented/per CVD death prevented were calculated to compare the effectiveness. One-way sensitivity analysis concerning uncertainty of cardiovascular disease incidence rate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis about the uncertainty of hazard ratios were conducted.Compared with non-screening strategy, the potential health benefits of each strategy were: Strategy 1 would gain QALY of 498 (95%CI: 103-894) and prevent 298 (95%CI: 155-441) CVD events; Strategy 2 would gain QALY of 691 (95%CI: 233-1 149) and prevent CVD events of 374 (95%CI: 181-567); Strategy 3 would gain QALY of 654 (95%CI: 199-1 108) and prevent CVD events of 346 (95%CI: 154-538). Screening strategy based on ChinaPAR risk prediction model (strategy 2 or 3) would be generally better in terms of QALY gained, CVD events/deaths prevented and NNS than the strategy based on numbers of CVD risk factors (all P0.05 except NNS per QALY gained and NNS per CVD event prevented in 40-74 years). Similar benefits were obtained for the strategy 2 and 3. The results were consistent in the sensitivity analyses on the parameters of incidence rates and hazard ratios.Screening people to target increased risks of cardiovascular diseases in this rural northern Chinese population is necessary. Screening strategy based on China-PAR risk prediction model could gain more health benefits than that based on numbers of CVD risk factors.

To construct an in-hospital mortality prediction model for patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care unit (ICU) by using support vector machine (SVM), and compare it with the simplified acute physiology score II (SAPS-II) which is commonly used in the ICU.We used Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database as data source. The AKI patients in the MIMIC-III database were selected according to the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition of AKI. We employed the same predictor variable set as used in SAPS-II to construct an SVM model. Meanwhile, we also developed a customized SAPS-II model using MIMIC-III database, and compared performances between the SVM model and the customized SAPS-II model. The performance of each model was evaluated via area under the receiver operation characteristic curve (AUROC), root mean squared error (RMSE), sensitivity, specificity, Youden's index and accuracy based on 5-fold cross-validation. The agreement of the results between the SVM model and the customized SAPS-II model was illustrated using Bland-Altman plots.A total number of 19 044 patients with AKI were included. The observed in-hospital mortality of the AKI patients was 13.58% in MIMIC-III. The results based on the 5-fold cross validation showed that the average AUROC of the SVM model and the customized SAPS-II model was 0.86 and 0.81, respectively (The difference between the two models was statistically significant with t=13.0, P0.001). The average RMSE of the SVM model and the customized SAPS-II model was 0.29 and 0.31, respectively (The difference was statistically significant with t=-9.6, P0.001). The SVM model also outperformed the customized SAPS-II model in terms of sensitivity and Youden's index with significant statistical differences (P=0.002 and0.001, respectively).The Bland-Altman plot showed that the SVM model and the customized SAPS-II model had similar mortality prediction results when the mortality of a patient was certain, but the consistency between the mortality prediction results of the two models was poor when the mortality of a patient was with high uncertainty.Compared with the SAPS-II model, the SVM model has a better performance, especially when the mortality of a patient is with high uncertainty. The SVM model is more suitable for predicting the mortality of patients with AKI in ICU and early intervention in patients with AKI in ICU. The SVM model can effectively help ICU clinicians improve the quality of medical treatment, which has high clinical value.

Family-based cohort study is a special type of study design, in which biological samples and environmental exposure information of the member in a family are collected and related follow up is conducted. Family-based cohort study can be applied to explore the effect of genetic factors, environmental factors, gene-gene interaction, and gene-environment interaction in the etiology of complex diseases. This paper summarizes the objectives, methods and results, as well as the opportunities and challenges of the family-based cohort study on common chronic non-communicable diseases in rural population in northern China.家系队列研究是一种特殊的队列研究方法，以家系为单位收集研究对象的生物样本和环境暴露信息，并进行随访，为探索复杂性疾病病因研究中遗传、环境、基因-基因和基因-环境交互作用提供重要资源。本文将对"北方农村地区居民常见慢性非传染性疾病的家系队列研究"的目标、方法、初步结果、机遇与挑战进行简单介绍。.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] is associated with initial stroke severity and infarct volume, using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.We studied a total of 235 patients who were admitted within 24 hours of acute ischemic stroke onset. Initial stroke severity was assessed using the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Infarct volume was measured using DWI. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to test whether 25(OH) D represents an independent predictor of infarct volume and stroke severity (NIHSS score of ≥6).Among 235 study patients, the median age was 64 years (IQR 56-75 years), and 125 (53.2%) were women. In multivariable models adjusted for other significant risk factors, 25(OH) D levels in the lowest and second interquartiles were associated with an increased risk of a NIHSS≥6 (with highest 25 (OH) D quartile as reference) with odd ratios (OR) 3.02(95% confidence interval [CI]:1.59-6.34) and 5.85(2.90-11.54). The median DWI infarct volumes for the serum 25(OH) D level quartiles (lowest to highest) were 12.35, 6.55, 2.44, and 1.59 ml. The median DWI infarct volume in the lowest serum 25(OH) D level quartile was larger than that in the other 3 quartiles (P0.001). The median adjusted DWI infarct volume in the lowest serum 25(OH) D level quartile was statistically significantly larger than that in the other 3 quartiles (P0.01).In conclusion, reduced serum 25(OH) D levels in acute ischemic stroke are an early predictor of larger volumes of ischemic tissue and worse neurological deficit (assessed by the NIHSS).