Search

细针穿刺细胞学在诊断淋巴结转移癌上，具有简单、微创、快速等优点。本文报道1例胃食管交界处SMARCA4缺失型未分化癌，左锁骨上细针穿刺细胞学作出最初诊断的病例。患者男，65岁。主因间断性上腹部不适2个月余就诊，体检左锁骨上可触及肿大淋巴结，直径1.5 cm，质硬。随后进行了细针穿刺细胞学检查，细胞学显示：肿瘤细胞单个散在或成团分布，肿瘤细胞异型性大，多呈圆形，胞质量多少不等，嗜酸性，核圆形，空泡状，核仁明显。免疫细胞化学染色显示广谱细胞角蛋白阳性，CDX2、癌胚抗原、CK5/6、villin、突触素、波形蛋白、MART1、HMB45、SMARCA4/BRG1阴性。细胞病理学诊断为SMARCA4缺失型未分化癌转移。最终胃镜下的病理活检证实了本例的诊断。本文描述了该例的细胞学及免疫细胞化学染色特点，着重讨论了细胞病理学的鉴别诊断。.

Interaction exists in lung cancer and microbiota. Lung microecological homeostasis can improve the immune tolerance, enhance immune suppression, and inhibit inflammatory responses, to reduce the lung cancer; while lung cancer can lead to pulmonary microecological imbalance, change the lung environment, and promote tumor cell proliferation. Therefore, modulating microbial flora and microecological immunotherapy may be a potential and preventive treatment for lung cancer, to restore tumor immunosuppression and improve patient survival. However, the individual differences in the lung microecology, because of different genetics, ethnic characteristics, and dietary habits, increasing the difficulty of precise diagnosis and treatment, which is also the current bottleneck in the application of microecological immunotherapy. Otherwise, the effectiveness of regulatory measures such as probiotics, prebiotics or antimicrobials is questionable. The research on microbial flora is still in its infancy, and further exploration is needed to form a standardized, effective, and precise treatment plan. So, standardized, effective, and precise microbial flora treatment strategies need to be further explored.肺癌与肺部微生物菌群存在相互影响。肺部微生态稳态可提高机体的免疫耐受，增强免疫抑制能力，抑制炎症反应，从而减少肺癌发生；而肺癌则可导致肺部微生态失衡和菌群失调，改变肺部环境，形成有利于肿瘤细胞增殖的肿瘤微环境。因此，调节微生物菌群及微生态免疫疗法可能是潜在的新型治疗和预防治疗肺癌的方案，有利于恢复肿瘤免疫抑制，提高患者生存率。然而，肺部微生态因宿主遗传、种族特征及饮食习惯不同而存在个体化差异，增加了精准诊疗的难度，也是目前微生态免疫疗法的应用瓶颈，益生菌、益生元或抗微生物药物等调节措施的有效性也值得商榷。微生物菌群的研究还处于起步阶段，形成规范、有效、精准的治疗方案还需进一步探索。.

As a convenient and effective surface modification approach, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP)can be used to improve dentin bonding, and has recently become a research focus. Studies have shown that NTAPP can alter dentin surface properties, improve the penetration and polymerization of adhesives, stimulate the cross-linking of collagen, and change the micro-morphology and element content of dentin surface, thus improve the dentin bonding quality. This article introduces the current research progress in the application of NTAPP in the field of dentin bonding, in order to provide innovative information for future research in optimization of the quality of dentin bonding.低温常压等离子体（non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma，NTAPP）是一种简便、有效的表面改性技术，近年成为提高牙本质粘接质量的研究热点。NTAPP能通过改变牙本质表面性质促进粘接剂渗透及聚合、促进胶原交联以及改变牙本质表面微观形貌和元素含量，改善牙本质粘接质量。本文就NTAPP于牙本质粘接领域的应用进展作一综述，以期为牙本质粘接的优化研究提供参考。.

Summary Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat is a well‐known local cashmere goat breed in China. It is famous for excellent fleece quality and a significant advantage in cashmere yield compared to other cashmere goat breeds. In this study, a genome‐wide association study was used to investigate fiber length, fiber diameter, and cashmere yield of 192 Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats using the Illumina GoatSNP52K Beadchip panel. We discovered that four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reached genome‐wide significance levels. These SNPs were located in some genes, e.g. FGF12, SEMA3D, EVPL, and SOX5, possibly related to fleece traits in Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were enriched in several biological pathways that were involved in hair follicle development in cashmere goats. In summary, the identified significant SNPs and genes provide useful information to explore genetic mechanisms underlying the variation in fleece traits and genomic selection of Chinese cashmere goat.

Stanford分型中的A型主动脉夹层是一种心血管系统急危重症，若不及时诊治，死亡率极高。其中仅局限于主动脉根部的A型夹层极少报道，临床表现常不典型，极易误诊误治。该文报道1例表现为胸闷、呼吸困难及晕厥的中年男性患者，诊断为主动脉根部局限性夹层，同时累及主动脉瓣与双侧冠状动脉开口导致大面积心肌梗死与左心室双瓣膜急性反流，进而继发急性左心衰与心原性休克，病情凶险；但因夹层撕裂范围局限，患者缺乏主动脉夹层相关典型症状与体征，床旁超声未见夹层征象，易误诊、漏诊。最终成功行急诊外科手术，随访状态良好。该病例诊治过程可为特殊类型主动脉夹层的诊断提供参考，减少误诊及漏诊。.

Satellite area coverage analysis is complex, especially when the satellite operating state changes. Traditional algorithms cannot quickly and efficiently obtain the satellite area coverage analysis results, and are incapable of providing efficient online services. To overcome these shortcomings and meet the needs of 21st century geospatial science and applications for real-time response and online services for handling high concurrent requests, a data-driven real-time analysis service for satellite area coverage is proposed. Firstly, to optimize traditional algorithms, an extended bounding rectangle of the ground area is constructed, and the spatial relationship with the central point of satellite ground coverage area is determined to avoid large number of calculations of satellite ground coverage areas, thus, improving efficiency. Secondly, the data-driven real-time analysis model is constructed, and is used to further improve the efficiency of satellite area coverage analysis. Finally, a simulation analysis scenario is developed, the service proposed in this study is verified, and the results are visualized. The experimental results show that the proposed data-driven real-time analysis service can cope well with the requests from users for online service of satellite area coverage, improve the cognitive capability of users and operators, and help in completely utilizing the application performance of observation satellites.

Microorganisms present a global public health problem and are the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, it is essential to study the prevalence of microorganisms in hospital environments. The conclusion from such a study can contribute to identify the areas most likely to be contaminated in a hospital and appropriate measures that can decrease the exposure risk.The prevalence of microorganisms in hospital air was examined in different departments by obtaining air samples with an impactor before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A total of 2145 microorganisms were identified, and the corresponding data were jointly analyzed by area, sampling period, and concentration.The most frequently detected microorganisms in hospital air were Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Neisseria, and fungi, and the more polluted departments were the hemodialysis department, respiratory department, treatment room, and toilet. Significant differences were found between the concentration of bacteria and fungi before and during the pandemic, which could be related to multiple environmental conditions. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 was negative in all the air samples.Overall, this study confirmed the existence and dynamic characteristics of airborne microorganisms in a hospital. The results contribute to the adaptation of specific measures which can decrease the exposure risk of patients, visitors, and staff.

With the increasing demand for energy, it has become imperative to investigate the thermoelectric properties that can be beneficial to directly converting heat into electric energy. Here, we theoretically study the thermoelectric transport of the Mn-doped blue phosphorene (blue-P) along the zigzag direction. We show that the spin-polarized electronic transport in the blue-P can be produced by the Mn-doping induced half-metallic energy band structure, and the Seebeck coefficients can take positive and negative values, indicating that the main carriers may be holes and electrons. Thus, the spin-down, spin, and charge Seebeck coefficients show a high peak and a deep valley, while the spin and charge thermoelectric figures of merit show two wide peaks. Moreover, the spin and charge thermoelectric figures of merit are found to be so large that the Mn-doped blue-P along the zigzag direction can be used as good thermoelectric materials. In addition, we consider the effect of the doping concentration on the electronic structure and thermoelectric transport properties. This research should be an important reference for designing spin caloritronic and thermoelectric devices.

Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) is simpler and has similar efficacy for obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases in comparison to biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. We reported the first Da Vinci robot-assisted SADI-S in the treatment of severe obesity in China. This male patient was 27-year-old with height of 180 cm, body weight of 140 kg, waistline of 125 cm and body mass index of 43.2 kg/m(2). The diagnosis at admission was fatty liver, severe obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia. The patient underwent Da Vinci robot-assisted SADI-S. The surgeon identified ileocecal part by appendix, then a common channel was measured retrogradely from the ileocecal valve, the distal ileum at 300 cm from the ileocecal part was marked and suspended. A sleeve gastrectomy was performed over a 34 Fr bougie tube. An end-to-side anastomosis between proximal duodenum and the pre-marked ileum was performed after duodenal bulb transection. Gastric incision was sutured with omentum reinforcement. No leakage was found after injecting methylene per os. Finally, a drainage tube was left in place under the anastomosis and close to the duodenal stump. The operation time was 244 minutes and the amount of bleeding during surgery was 50 ml. The patient recovered well with a postoperative hospital stay of 7 days and was followed up for six months. The percent of excess weight loss (EWL%) was 80.21% at 6 months after operation. The body weight, body mass index and waist circumference decreased significantly after operation. Complete remission was achieved for hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia and insulin resistance. The patient suffered from cholestasis without serious complications at 6 months after operation. Our experience shows that Da Vinci robot-assisted SADI-S is safe and feasible in treating severe obesity.与胆胰转流十二指肠转位术相比，单吻合口十二指肠回肠旁路联合袖状胃切除术（SADI-S）操作相对简单，且两种术式对肥胖及其代谢病的疗效相当。本中心报道国内第一例达芬奇机器人辅助SADI-S治疗重度肥胖症。患者为27岁男性，身高180 cm，体质量140 kg，腰围125 cm，体质指数43.2 kg/m(2)。入院诊断：脂肪肝、重度肥胖症、高甘油三酯血症、高尿酸血症。采用达芬奇机器人辅助SADI-S手术，通过阑尾确定回盲部，从回盲部逆行测量共同通道，距回盲部300 cm处进行标记并悬挂远端。在34 Fr支撑管的引导下行胃袖状切除。切断十二指肠球部后将十二指肠近端与回肠标记处行端-侧吻合，将胃切缘与大网膜加固缝合，经口注入亚甲蓝后未见漏出，于吻合口和十二指肠残端处放置引流管。手术时间为244 min，术中出血量为50 ml。患者术后住院时间为7 d且恢复良好。术后随访6个月，多余体质量减少率（EWL%）为80.21%。术后体质量、体质指数、腰围等指标均明显下降，高甘油三酯血症、高尿酸血症、胰岛素抵抗均完全缓解。提示，达芬奇机器人辅助SADI-S治疗重度肥胖症安全可行。.

Small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs) as a subset of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act critical roles in tumor progression. The present study aimed to elucidate the role and mechanisms of SNHG3 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The correlation of SNHG3/miR-340-5p/HOXA10 with the clinicopathological features and outcomes in NSCLC was analyzed by TCGA cohort. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments were conducted to assess the role of SNHG3 in NSCLC cells. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase gene reporter were used to estimate the interaction between miR-340-5p and SNHG3/HOXA10 3'UTR. The effects of SNHG3 and (or) miR-340-5p on HOXA10 expression were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. As a consequence, the elevated expression of SNHG3 and HOXA10 or lowered expression of miR-340-5p was related to the lymph node infiltration, distant metastases and unfavorable prognosis in NSCLC. Ectopic expression of SNHG3 boosted the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas downregulation of SNHG3 reversed these effects. Moreover, SNHG3 could bind with miR-340-5p and reduce its expression levels, and miR-340-5p attenuated SNHG3-induced tumor proliferation and HOXA10 expression in NSCLC cells. Our findings unveiled that SNHG3 might be an oncogenic factor in NSCLC by downregulating miR-340-5p.

To investigate the heterogeneity of decidual endothelial cells and their changes during delivery.Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to characterize the transcriptomes of decidual endothelial cells before and after the onset of labor.Decidual endothelial cells (9748 cells) were divided into five subgroups with different functions according to differences in the transcriptome. The functions of cluster 5 were enriched in vascular development and response to growth factors. After the onset of labor, the activities of each cluster were different, including the interleukin 17 pathway and regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. The downregulated genes were related to scavenger receptor (cluster 5), which may reflect the process of endothelial activation. In terms of genetic changes, cluster 5 may be more actively involved in labor than the other clusters.Peripartum decidual endothelial cells are heterogeneous and participate in labor to varying degrees. One of the five subtypes of endothelial cells may be more actively involved in labor onset. Our findings may enable the assessment of decidual endothelial cells and labor onset.

In this paper, a new type of gradient acoustic metasurface is designed to manipulate the transmissive wavefront freely. The developed acoustic metasurface is composed of a series of unit cells, which can provide the desired discrete phase-shift distribution and the high transmission efficiency in a wide range of frequency. Each unit cell consists of four membrane-Helmholtz hybrid resonators (MHHRs) and a straight pipe. The above design is based on the mixed resonance principle between decorated membrane, Helmholtz resonators (HRs) and the straight pipe. In this design, the refraction wave is oriented by phase gradient. To achieve the impedance matching between the metasurface and the background medium, the width of the pipe and the four cavities are optimized by genetic algorithm. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the potential applications in anomalous refraction, acoustic focusing, cylindrical wave to plane wave conversion, and negative refraction.

目的 评估伊马替尼对慢性髓性白血病慢性期（CML-CP）儿童身高的影响。 方法 2018年7月至2019年7月，在全国范围内对诊断时年龄0.05）。多因素分析显示，服药初始年龄较小（偏回归系数为0.122，B＝0.572，t＝10.733，P

From January 2014 to June 2018, 28 patients with different types of deep soft tissue injury or infection were admitted to the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University; 5 patients were admitted to the Zhengzhou First People's Hospital. There were 24 males and 9 females, aged 18-89 (40±20) years. Disposable suction tubes with holes cut on side walls were used as self-made drainage tubes. The authors placed the self-made drainage tubes on different deep soft tissue layers and wound surfaces after debridement. The effective drainage sections of the wound surface drainage tubes were wrapped with silver ion antimicrobial functional active dressings. Bio-permeable membrane was used to close the operative area. The drainage tubes in the deep layer of wound and wound surface were connected in parallel by a tee and connected to wall-hanging medical negative-pressure suction device to conduct negative-pressure wound treatment at -20.0 to -10.6 kPa. The deep drainage tubes were usually removed or changed 4 or 5 days after surgery.The drainage tubes in the wound surface were synchronously replaced when removing or replacing he drainage tubes in the deep layer of wound. On 4 to 15 days after surgery, the deep drainage tubes were removed. On 8 to 25 days after surgery, the wound surface drainage tubes were removed. Then the treatment was changed to a conventional dressing change until the wounds were completely healed or the wound bed was ready for skin grafts or tissue flaps. The indwelling time of deep drainage tubes in this group of patients was (6.2±2.8) days, and the indwelling time of wound surface drainage tubes was (12.0±3.0) days. The wound healing time was (22±5) days, the hospital stay time was (29±7) days, and wound bacteria were reduced from 6 species and 11 strains before treatment to 3 species and 4 strains after treatment. No adverse events such as wound bleeding, irritative pain, and chronic sinus occurred during treatment. Twenty-three patients were followed up for 13 to 28 months, no treatment-related complications were observed.2014年1月—2018年6月，东南大学医学院附属江阴医院收治28例、郑州市第一人民医院收治5例不同类型深部软组织损伤或感染患者，其中男24例、女9例，年龄18～89(40±20)岁。笔者将一次性吸痰管侧壁开孔自制引流管，分别放置于清创后深部不同软组织层面和创面表层，创面表层引流管有效引流段使用银离子抗菌功能性敷料包裹，应用生物透性薄膜封闭术区，将创面深层和浅层所有引流管用三通管并联后接壁式医用负压吸引器，以－20.0～－10.6 kPa行负压伤口疗法。深层引流管一般于术后4 d或5 d拔除或更换，拔除或更换深层引流管时同步更换创面表层引流管。本组患者于术后4～15 d拔除深层引流管，术后8～25 d拔除创面表层引流管，改为常规换药，直至创面完全愈合或创基能接受皮片或组织瓣移植。本组患者创面深层引流管留置时间为(6.2±2.8)d，创面表层引流管留置时间为(12.0±3.0)d，创面愈合时间为(22±5)d，住院时间为(29±7)d，创面培养细菌由治疗前的6种11株减少为治疗后的3种4株，治疗过程中未发生创面出血、刺激性疼痛、慢性窦道形成等不良事件。23例患者随访13～28个月，未观察到与治疗相关的并发症。.

Baicalin has been used in China to treat inflammation-related diseases, such as inflammation-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the specific mechanism of baicalin remains unclear. To observe the protective effects of baicalin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury of renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) and to explore its protective mechanism. LPS (1 mg/L) was used to induce an HK-2 cell inflammatory injury model in vitro. The cells were divided into seven groups: the normal control group, LPS-induced group, LPS plus 5 μmol/L baicalin treatment group, LPS plus 15 μmol/L baicalin treatment group, LPS plus 25 μmol/L baicalin treatment group, LPS plus 50 μmol/L baicalin treatment group, and LPS plus 75 μmol/L baicalin treatment group. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5- diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was employed for detecting the relative survival rate of HK-2 cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for detecting the levels of inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); nuclear factor kB65 (NF-κB65); phosphorylated NF-κB inhibitory protein-α (p-IκB-α); NF-κB inhibitory protein (IκB); human thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP); and human NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) were determined by Western blot analysis. The expression levels of NLRP3 and TXNIP mRNA and miR-223-3p were determined by RT-PCR. Results found that the relative survival rate of HK-2 cells treated with different baicalin concentrations was significantly increased (P0.05) and the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly decreased (P0.05) compared with those of the LPS-induced group. The expression levels of the inflammatory proteins inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 and the genes expressions of TXNIP and NLRP3 were significantly decreased in the cells (P0.05), while the expression level of miR-223- 3p was significantly increased (P0.05). These changes were induced in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that baicalin significantly inhibited the expression of inflammation-related proteins and alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory injury in HK-2 cells. The mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of activation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway, which might be mediated by increased expression of miR-223-3p. Thus, NLRP3 is a regulatory target of miR-223-3p.

Gravitational wave (GW) radiations from numerous cosmic stellar-compact-binaries form a stochastic GW background (GWB), which is expected to be detected by ground and space GW detectors in future. Theoretical predictions of this GWB were mostly obtained by assuming either circular binaries and/or a specific channel for binary formation, which may have some uncertainties. In this paper, we estimate the GWB and its spectrum by using simple models for the formation of both stellar mass binary black holes (sBBHs) and binary neutron stars (BNSs). We consider that the dynamically originated sBBHs have relatively larger masses and higher eccentricities compared with those from field binary stars and its possible effect on the GWB spectrum. We find that the GWB spectrum may have a turnover in the low-frequency (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna; LISA) band and may be better described by a broken double power-law than a single power-law with the unique index $2/3$, and the low-frequency slope depends on the significance of the dynamically originated sBBHs with high eccentricities. We further generate mock samples of sBBHs and BNSs, and simulate the mock GWB strain in the time domain. We find that GWB can be detected with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) $\gtrsim274/255/21$ by LISA/Taiji/TianQin over $5$-years' observation and $\gtrsim3$ by LIGO over $2$-years' observation. Furthermore, we estimate that the number of sBBHs that may be detected by LISA/Taiji/TianQin individually with SNR $\gtrsim8$ is $\sim5$-$221$/$7$-$365$/$3$-$223$ over $5$-years' observation.

We present an ALMA study of the ~180 brightest sources in the SCUBA-2 map of the COSMOS field from the S2COSMOS survey, as a pilot study for AS2COSMOS - a full survey of the ~1,000 sources in this field. In this pilot we have obtained 870-um continuum maps of an essentially complete sample of the brightest 182 sub-millimetre sources (S_850um=6.2mJy) in COSMOS. Our ALMA maps detect 260 sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs) spanning a range in flux density of S_870um=0.7-19.2mJy. We detect more than one SMG counterpart in 34+/-2 per cent of sub-millimetre sources, increasing to 53+/-8 per cent for SCUBA-2 sources brighter than S_850um>12mJy. We estimate that approximately one-third of these SMG-SMG pairs are physically associated (with a higher rate for the brighter secondary SMGs, S_870um>3mJy), and illustrate this with the serendipitous detection of bright [CII] 157.74um line emission in two SMGs, AS2COS0001.1 & 0001.2 at z=4.63, associated with the highest significance single-dish source. Using our source catalogue we construct the interferometric 870um number counts at S_870um>6.2mJy. We use the extensive archival data of this field to construct the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution of each AS2COSMOS SMG, and subsequently model this emission with MAGPHYS to estimate their photometric redshifts. We find a median photometric redshift for the S_870um>6.2mJy AS2COSMOS sample of z=2.87+/-0.08, and clear evidence for an increase in the median redshift with 870-um flux density suggesting strong evolution in the bright-end of the 870um luminosity function., Submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome. Figures 1, 4, A1 degraded to comply with size limits

Distyly is a mechanism promoting cross-pollination within a balanced polymorphism. Numerous studies show that the degree of inter-morph sexual organ reciprocity (SOR) within species relates to its pollen-mediated gene flow. Similarly, a lower interspecific SOR should promote interspecific isolation when congeners are sympatric, co-blooming and share pollinators. In this comparative study, we address the significance of SOR at both intra- and interspecific levels. Seventeen allopatric and eight sympatric populations representing four Primula species (P. anisodora, P. beesiana, P. bulleyana and P. poissonii) native to the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains were measured for eight floral traits in both long- and short-styled morphs. GLMM and spatial overlap methods were used to compare intra- and interspecific SOR. While floral morphology differed among four Primula species, SOR within species was generally higher than between species, but in species pairs P. poissonii/P. anisodora and P. beesiana/P. bulleyana, the SOR was high at both intra- and interspecific levels. We did not detect a significant variation in intraspecific SOR or interspecific SOR when comparing allopatric versus sympatric populations for all species studied. As intraspecific SOR increased, disassortative mating may be promoted. As interspecific SOR decreased, interspecific isolation between co-flowering species pairs also may increase. Hybridisation between congeners occurred when interspecific SOR increased in sympatric populations, as confirmed in two species pairs, P. poissonii/P. anisodora and P. beesiana/P. bulleyana.

Pedicularis is the largest genus in the Orobanchaceae (>300) with many species co-occurring and co-blooming in subalpine to alpine meadows in the Himalayas. Although it is well known that different Pedicularis species place pollen on different parts of the same bumblebee's body, thus reducing interspecific pollen transfer, it is not known whether post-pollination components also contribute to reproductive isolation (RI). In this study, we quantified the individual strengths and absolute contributions of six pre- and post-pollination components of RI between three sympatric species in two pairs; Pedicularis gruina × Pedicularis tenuisecta (gru × ten) and Pedicularis comptoniifolia × Pedicularis tenuisecta (com × ten). All three Pedicularis species shared the same Bombus species. Individual foragers showed a high, but incomplete, floral constancy for each species. Therefore, pre-pollination barriers were potentially 'leaky' as Bombus species showed a low but consistent frequency of interspecific visitation. The RI strength of pre-pollination was lower in com × ten than in gru × ten. In contrast, post-pollination barriers completely blocked gene flow between both sets of species pairs. Two post-pollination recognition sites were identified. Late acting rejection of interspecific pollen tube growth occurred in com♀ × ten♂, while seeds produced in bi-directional crosses of gru × ten failed to germinate. We propose that, although floral isolation based on pollen placement on pollinators in the genus Pedicularis is crucial to avoid interspecific pollen transfer, the importance of this mode of interspecific isolation may be exaggerated. Post-pollination barriers may play even larger roles for currently established populations of co-blooming and sympatric species in this huge genus in the Himalayas.

China has paid considerable attention to space exploration and made great strides in the field. The first Chinese Mars Exploration Mission will be carried out in 2020. Digital simulation has been proved to be an effective and efficient means for planning and deduction in many fields. Thus, it was introduced for the Mars exploration in this paper and key technologies was researched above three aspects. First of all, complicated time-space benchmark was combed to support the interplanetary simulation. Secondly, the multi-resolution pyramid model and indexing strategy were adopted to preprocess the geographical environment data, which ensured the efficiency of data loading, browsing, and querying. Then, the activity objects were abstracted and modelled based on four aspects, including property, ephemeris, geometry, and behavior. Therefore, a digital simulation system, called Sino-Mars, was developed. The architecture of Sino- Mars consists of five layers, including data collection, data processing, scenario modelling, visualization and application layer. Using the Chinese Mars Exploration Mission slated for 2020 as an example, we demonstrated the capabilities of Sino-Mars for data integration, visualization, process deduction, and auxiliary analysis.

In this paper, we study the strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves (GWs) from a statistical perspective, with particular focus on the high frequency GWs from stellar binary black hole coalescences. These are most promising targets for ground-based detectors such as Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (aLIGO) and the proposed Einstein Telescope (ET) and can be safely treated under the geometrical optics limit for GW propagation. We perform a thorough calculation of the lensing rate, by taking account of effects caused by the ellipticity of lensing galaxies, lens environments, and magnification bias. We find that in certain GW source rate scenarios, we should be able to observe strongly lensed GW events once per year ($\sim1~\text{yr}^{-1}$) in the aLIGO survey at its design sensitivity; for the proposed ET survey, the rate could be as high as $\sim80~\text{yr}^{-1}$. These results depend on the estimate of GW source abundance, and hence can be correspondingly modified with an improvement in our understanding of the merger rate of stellar binary black holes. We also compute the fraction of four-image lens systems in each survey, predicting it to be $\sim30$ per cent for the aLIGO survey and $\sim6$ per cent for the ET survey. Finally, we evaluate the possibility of missing some images due to the finite survey duration, by presenting the probability distribution of lensing time delays. We predict that this selection bias will be insignificant in future GW surveys, as most of the lens systems ($\sim90$ per cent) will have time delays less than $\sim1$ month, which will be far shorter than survey durations., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Revised to match version published in MNRAS

Amorphous silica–zirconium (SZx) has been synthesized via the sol–gel method accompanied by phase separation in the presence of propylene oxide (PO) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Herein x is the mol% of zirconium (Zr), i.e. 0, 1.5, 2.8, 5.6 and 8.9 mol%, respectively. 13% wt% cobalt-based SZx (Co/SZx) catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method. The Co/SZ catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, ESEM, H2-TPR and NH3-TPD. The catalytic behavior of Co/SZx was investigated for the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) reaction via a fixed-bed reactor under the conditions of 1.0 MPa, H2/CO = 2, W/F = 5.05 g h mol−1 and 235 °C. The results indicated that CO conversion followed the order of Co/SZ2.8 > Co/SZ1.5 > Co/SZ0 > Co/SZ5.6% > Co/SZ8.9. The activity differences for FT synthesis are mainly ascribed to the differences in SZx such as Zr dosage, pore structure and aggregation extent, which are also the direct reasons for the various Co dispersions on SZx. The existence of Zr in the Co/SZ catalysts leads to a decrement of the selectivity to CO2/C5+, and an increase of C2–C4 selectivity and N-p/O value. Overall, the Co/SZ2.8 catalyst exhibited the top FT reaction activity, top yield of C5+ and lowest selectivity to methane and C2–C4 among all the Co/SZ catalysts.

From January 2013 to December 2017, 8 patients with deep burns of upper limbs were admitted to our hospital, including 6 males and 2 females, aged 23-48 years. The wound area of full-thickness burns to burns with tendon and bone injury was 4.5 cm×2.0 cm-20.0 cm×10.5 cm. After debridement, thin abdominal flaps with subdermal vascular network in the size of 5.0 cm×2.5 cm-22.0 cm×12.0 cm were applied to cover the wounds, and the donor sites were sutured directly by relaxation. The disposable suction tubes with holes cut on side walls were used as drainage tubes. The part of drainage tubes with holes were wrapped with nano-silver antimicrobial dressings and then placed at the lowest position of pedicle and donor site of abdominal flap and the space between the injured limb and the abdominal wall. The loose nano-silver antibacterial dressing was used to fill the webs of fingers and the gap between the injured limb and the abdominal wall. The transparent film dressing was used to close the surgical area and then connected with a low negative voltage electric suction device to continuously suck at a negative pressure of -15 to -10 kPa. The self-made vacuum sealing drainage device was replaced at intervals of 4 to 5 days until pedicle breakage was performed 2 to 3 weeks after operation. The pedicled abdominal flaps of 8 patients had no torsion or avulsion, no pedicle blood supply disorder, and no infection or skin erosion in the operation area, and all the flaps survived after pedicle breakage.2013年1月—2017年12月，笔者单位收治8例上肢深度烧伤患者，其中男6例、女2例，年龄23～48岁。Ⅲ～Ⅳ度创面面积为4.5 cm×2.0 cm～20.0 cm×10.5 cm，清创后用5.0 cm×2.5 cm～22.0 cm×12.0 cm大小腹部带真皮下血管网薄皮瓣覆盖，供区直接减张缝合。将一次性吸痰管侧方剪孔用作引流管，用纳米银抗菌敷料包裹引流管剪孔部分后置于腹部皮瓣蒂部与供瓣区的最低位以及患肢与腹壁的间隙中，用松散的纳米银抗菌敷料团填塞各个指蹼间以及患肢与腹壁的间隙，用透明薄膜敷料封闭术区后接低负压电动吸引器，以－15～－10 kPa负压行持续吸引。每隔4～5天更换一次自制负压封闭引流装置，直至术后2～3周行断蒂术。8例患者的腹部带蒂皮瓣均未发生扭转、撕脱，未出现蒂部血供障碍，术区未发生感染或皮肤浸渍、糜烂，断蒂后皮瓣全部成活。.