Search

ObjectiveThis study aims to conducting a survey on the consumption of nine pilot edible and medicinal substances including Codonopsis pilosula and etc.， and provides a basis for supplementing the database of food safety assessment.MethodsNineteen cities in Guangdong Province were selected as sample sites from 2019 to 2021. Healthy individuals aged 18 years and above who had the habit of eating traditional local food such as soup ingredients were selected as candidate subjects. A food frequency questionnaire was applied for collecting information on the consumption of the nine pilot edible and medicinal substances over the past 12 months.ResultsThis study enrolled a total of 6 233 participants， with 49.2% male and 50.8% female. Among the study population， the consumption rates of the nine pilot edible and and medicinal substances ranged from 0.8% to 55.3%， The consumption rates from high to low are as follows： Codonopsis pilosula（Franch.）Nannf.（55.3%）， Astragalus membranaceus （Fisch.） Bge.var.mongholicus （Bge.） Hsiao （47.4%）， Panax quinquefolium L. （41.5%）， Ganoderma lucidum （Leyss. Ex Fr.）Karst. （dry） （30%）， Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo （24.1%）， Gastrodia elata B1. （16%）， Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo （wet） （4.8%）， Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma （2.6%）， Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. （1.3%）， Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc. （0.8%）. Among the consumer population， the primary mode of consumption for the nine pilot edible and medicinal substances is indirect， accounting for 82.6% to 95.1%. The average monthly consumption frequency ranges from 0.8 to 2.2 times per month. The mean consumption quantity per occasion for the selected dried food-medicinal substances ranges from 7.4 to 11.9 grams， However， the mean consumption quantity per occasion for Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo （wet） is 41.9 grams.ConclusionThere are significant differences in the consumption rates of the nine pilot edible and medicinal substances among adults in the 19 municipalities of Guangdong province. The consumption quantity per occasion is high in some substances such as Codonopsis pilosula（Franch.）Nannf.， Astragalus membranaceus （Fisch.） Bge.var.mongholicus （Bge.） Hsiao. It is recommended to further scientifically evaluate the usage and dosage of these food-medicinal substances and make public education on the correct consumption of food for residents.

ObjectiveTo analyze the pollution status and exposure risks of heavy metals by three edible traditional Chinese herbal medicine， such as ganoderma lucidum， dendrobium officinale， and American ginseng in Guangdong Province.MethodsFresh and dried raw materials of Ganoderma lucidum， Dendrobium officinale， and Panax quinquefolium， as well as food products， were collected from 10 cities in Guangdong Province. Among them， 33 samples were collected in Guangzhou， and 30 samples were collected in each of the other 9 cities. The concentrations of lead， cadmium， total mercury， and total arsenic in the three substances were determined and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma method. Based on the point assessment model， we calculated the average concentrations of heavy metals in fresh （converted at a dry rate） and dried raw materials， and evaluated the health risks according to the medicinal and dietary consumption patterns.ResultsAs the dietary consumption pattern， the exposure levels were higher than the medical consumption pattern， and the cadmium exposure levels of Ganoderma lucidum， Dendrobium officinale and American ginseng accounted for 8.51%， 8.72% and 8.56% of PTMI. The exposure levels of total mercury accounted for 3.51%， 0.91%， and 1.08% of PTWI. The MOE values of lead exposure were 11.56， 7.14， and 20.94， respectively， while the MOE values of total arsenic exposure were 68.34， 102.39， and 152.28， respectively. After considering the dietary exposure pathway， the risks of heavy metal caused by the three edible traditional Chinese herbal medicine were still within an acceptable range.ConclusionResidents in Guangdong Province had a lower risks of exposure to lead， cadmium， total mercury， and total arsenic through the dietary exposure pattern of ganoderma lucidum， dendrobium officinale， and panax quinquefolium.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of toadstool poisoning in Guangdong Province from 2015 to 2020 and provide guidance for prevention and control strategies.MethodsToadstool cases reported between 2015 and 2020 in Guangdong Province were extracted from the Foodborne Disease Case Surveillance and Reporting System， and their epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. ArcGIS 10.8 software was used for spatial analysis.ResultsA total of 854 cases of mushroom poisoning were reported in Guangdong Province from 2015 to 2020， with an average annual incidence of 0.32 cases per 100 000 population. A total of 395 patients were hospitalized， with a hospitalization rate of 46.3% and mortality rate of 0%. The mean， median， minimum， and maximum incubation periods were 2.8 h， 2.0 h， 0 h， and 32 h， respectively. A total of 448 males and 406 females were identified， with a male-to-female ratio of 1.10∶1. Most patients were farmers （34.19%， 292/854）， and the onset age ranged from 31-59 years old. The highest number of cases was reported in 2018， and the incidence peak was from May to September， with Shaoguan serving as the high incidence area. Spatial analysis revealed that from 2015 to 2020， the hotspots of toadstool poisoning in Guangdong Province were Shaoguan and Qingyuan.ConclusionThe incidence of toadstool poisoning in Guangdong Province displays a spatial aggregation pattern and is mainly concentrated in the northern area of Guangdong Province. Effects should be made to educate farmers， establish strategies for preventing and controlling toadstool poisoning， and promote scientific understanding to reduce its occurrence.

ObjectiveTo summarize the characteristics of foodborne diseases in Guangdong Province in 2020， and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control strategies.MethodsThe data from January 2020 to December 2020 in the National Foodborne Surveillance Reporting System （CFSA） were with descriptive epidemiological analysis， conducted according to the three distribution and pathogenic factors of the disease. SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn 2020， a total of 27 397 cases of foodborne diseases were reported， with an average annual incidence of 0.24‰ （27 397/115 210 000）， a hospitalization rate of 10.66%（2 920/27 397）， and no deaths. The incidence in the Pearl River Delta region was 0.28‰ （18 303/6 447 million）. The hospitalization rate was 6.88% （1 259/18 303）， and the incidence rate in eastern and northwestern Guangdong was 0.18‰ （9 094/5 074 million）， and the hospitalization rate was 18.26% （1 661/9 094）. The main symptoms of the cases were diarrhea， and the ratio of male to female was close to 1∶1. The number of cases in each age group was 31.51% （8 633/27 397） in the 31-59 age group. Among the occupational population， children living in the diaspora accounted for 16.86% （4 620/27 397）， while students accounted for 16.48% （4 515/27 397）. The peak of reported cases was from August to December. The main food exposed cases were mixed food 7 392 cases （27.08%， 7 392/27 297）， meat and meat products 4 511 cases （16.53%， 4 511/27 297）， grain and its products 3 734 cases （13.68%，3 734/27 297）； The main feeding places were 65.53%（17 954/27 397） at home and 15.03%（4 117/27 397） at restaurants. Among 4 395 cases， 1 171 were positive for pathogenic bacteria， and the overall positive rate of pathogenic bacteria was 26.64% （1 171/4 395）. The positive rate of Salmonella was 26.23% （1 153/4 395）. Sixteen strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were positive， and the positive detection rate was 0.36% （16/4 395）. Two strains of Escherichia coli were positive， and the positive detection rate was 0.05% （2/4 395）. The positive rate of Shigella was 0.02% （1/4 395）. The positive detection rate was the highest in July， and the main exposed food was grain and its products. Eleven cases were positive for norovirus and the overall positive rate was 0.25% （11/4 395）. The positive rate of norovirus was the highest in January， and the main exposed food was meat and meat products.ConclusionThe foodborne disease incidence of Guangdong Province in 2020 is low but the hospitalization rates have certain proportion， western part of guangdong region has low incidence but the hospitalization rate is higher， the pearl river delta region high incidence but hospitalization rate is low， cases analysis showed that family scattered children and students accounted for the high proportion of the crowd， the cases were mainly in the summer， Salmonella detection rate is higher， it should strengthen the focus on the prevention and control of the crowd.

ObjectiveTo analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics and clustering distribution of foodborne diseases in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2018， and provide evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies.MethodsThe cases of foodborne diseases in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2018 were extracted from the National Foodborne Surveillance and Reporting System. The epidemiological characteristics of the cases were analyzed， and ArcGIS 10.8 software was applied to display the spatial autocorrelation analysis of cases.ResultsFrom 2016 to 2018， a total of 76 943 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in Guangdong Province， with a male to female ratio of 1.16∶1. The most common occupational population was scattered children （26.58%， 20 452/76 943）， and the number of cases in 0-5 years old group was the largest （23 584 cases， 30.65%）， 29 072 cases were sampled and tested， and the overall positive detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 17.03% （4 950/29 072）. The positive rate of Salmonella was 14.84% （4 314/29 072）. The positive rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was 1.29% （374/29 072）. The positive rate of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli was 0.83% （241/29 072）. The positive rate of Shigella was 0.07% （21/29 072）. The overall positive rate of norovirus was 0.83% （241/29 072）. Mixed food accounted for the largest proportion of suspected source disease exposure（21.69%）， and the main place of eating was at home （65.53%）. The annual incidence of foodborne diseases in 2016—2018 generally showed two peaks： one peak was in August and the other one was from October to December. Spatial analysis showed that the incidence of foodborne diseases had a certain spatial clustering from 2016 to 2018.ConclusionThe incidence of foodborne diseases was low in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2018. Salmonella was the main pathogen detected， mainly concentrated in the 0-5 years old age group， and the peak of incidence was concentrated in August， October to December. The occupation distribution was mainly scattered children， and diarrhea was the main symptom. The suspected food was mainly mixed food， and the eating place was mainly family. The incidence of foodborne diseases in Guangdong Province has obvious spatial and temporal clustering， and the prevention and control of foodborne diseases should be strengthened.

ObjectiveTo reveal the effects of specific factors on aflatoxin B1 （AFB1） contamination in peanut oil and the status of AFB1 contamination in peanut oil in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2018 was taken as an example.MethodsA total of 637 peanut oil samples were collected from 21 cities in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2018， and their labels were recorded. The content of AFB1 in peanut oil was detected according to “GB 5009.22—2016 Determination of aflatoxin group B and group G in foods”. The temperature data of manufacturing place was obtained from ECMWF Reanalysis v5 database （ERA5） and the average temperature of the month before production was calculated， and the correlation between temperature and AFB1 content was then analyzed.ResultsThe total detection rate of AFB1 in peanut oil samples was 65.3% with 24.6% over-standard rate. There was no over-standard sample in the standardized packages， while the bulk samples had a higher over-standard level rate and the median content of AFB1 was significantly higher than that in the standardized package samples. Among several meteorological factors， average temperature of the month before peanut oil production had a strong relevance to the over-standard rate and content of AFB1 in the samples. The median content of AFB1 in bulk peanut oil samples with average temperature of pre-production above 25 ℃ was about 3.5 times that of the samples with average temperature below 22 ℃. However， other meteorological factors showed no correlation with AFB1 content in peanut oil.ConclusionAFB1 in bulk peanut oil samples in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2018 has a high over-standard rate， and the average temperature of pre-production is a key factor affecting the content of AFB1. Therefore， the government should raise the awareness of the production environment and production process to ensure the quality of bulk peanut oil and reduce the risk of AFB1 exposure and other risks.

Since the rise of rural tourism in China in the 1980s, the natural conditions have mainly been relied on to develop such tourism projects as flower appreciation, fruit picking, fishing, and farm foods focusing on agricultural sightseeing and experiencing the rural life, which has long ignored the cultural attributes of rural tourism, resulting in the serious homogenization of rural tourism. The author believes that exploring traditional farming culture and improving local cultural self-confidence are the effective ways to solve the problem of rural tourism homogenization, to achieve the general requirements of agricultural and rural development in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on ‘industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization and affluent life’, and to promote rural revitalization.