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Background: To examine the astigmatism characteristics and surgical outcomes in patients with unilateral severe congenital ptosis following frontalis suspension surgery.Methods: We included 53 congenital ptosis patients who underwent frontalis suspension surgery in Hunan Children‘s Hospital. Each patient underwent a refractive examination before and after surgery to assess astigmatism. We also evaluated the effects and complications associated with the procedure.Results: Degree of astigmatism in ptotic and fellow eyes was -1.45±0.59 D and -0.66±0.51 D before surgery. Ratio of severe astigmatism in ptotic and fellow eyes was 51.3% and 12.8%. The fellow eyes presented with with-the-rule astigmatism (WR; 71.8%) and against-the-rule astigmatism (AR; 20.5%) types, with no cases of oblique astigmatism (OA). Ptotic eyes demonstrated higher frequencies of AR (59.0%) and OA (10.2%) than did fellow eyes. Furthermore, the former showed increased astigmatism, followed by a gradual decrease at the 6-month, before significantly decreasing at the 1-year postoperatively. The ratio of postoperative AR and OA astigmatism cases in ptotic eyes decreased to 35.9% and 7.7% 1 month postoperatively. However, there was a postoperative increase in the WR ratio from 30.8% to 56.4% after 1 month. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a success rate of 81.4% at 6 months and 62.9% at 12 months which was influenced by the following complications: suture reaction, epithelial keratopathy, infection and granuloma, lid lag, and recurrence. Conclusion: Frontalis suspension surgery can effectively and safely correct congenital ptosis in younger patients, which may ameliorate the development of amblyopic astigmatism.

A finite group G is said to be a Bn-group if any n-element subset A = {a1, a2,..., an} of G satisfies |A2| = |{aiaj | 1 ⩽ i, j ⩽ n}| ⩽ n(n + 1)/2. In this paper, the characterizations of the B6- and B7-groups are given.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of polymorphisms in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and glutathione S-transferase Pi isoform (GSTP1) genes on retin...

A finite group G is said to be a B(n, k) group if |{aiaj|1≤i,j≤n}|≤k for any n-element subset {a1,…,an} of G. The aim of this paper is to give a characterization of the B(5, 19) non-2-group...

A sufficient and necessary condition for the reducibility of the Verma modules over the twisted Yangians of rank one is given.

Eco-tourism has become increasingly popular in the postmodern era. However, the management of tourism waste remains a major challenge for tourist destinations worldwide. Here, a non-participatory survey was conducted in five famous scenic spots in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Park in Motuo County, Tibet, to characterize the waste composition and the amount of average daily production per capita during sightseeing. In addition, interviews were conducted at 26 restaurants and 32 hotels in Motuo Town (the administrative center of Motuo County), and data on the composition and amount of average daily production per capita of waste generated by tourists during accommodation and meals were obtained. The total amount of tourism waste in Motuo County in 2018 was approximately 172,108.82 kg. Based on the data collected, an emergy analysis was applied to emergy calculations of the pollution and losses generated during two conventional and locally used tourism waste disposal methods. According to China's emergy to money ratio (EMR) of 2018, the emergy was converted into its monetary value. The theoretical ecological compensation standard for Motuo County was 4,293,568.99 CNY (equivalent to 648,830.20 USD), and the average ticket price for a single tourist was 18.87 CNY (equivalent to 2.85 USD) in the absence of government fiscal transfer payments. These findings should be utilized by local national park authorities to establish a market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism that is capable of alleviating environmental pressure.

To investigate the influence of polymorphisms in vascular endothelial growth factor (An exhaustive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI for genetic studies evaluating the relationship betweenA total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analyses revealed that

The rational design of highly efficient catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solutions is of great significance for water splitting. In this work, we deliberately devise a series of steps to obtain nickel oxide nanosheets on carbon nanotubes (NiO/CNT) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and nickel oxide and nickel disulfide heterogeneous structures on CNTs (NiS2/NiO/CNT) for HER in alkaline conditions, respectively. The NiO/CNT sample shows an efficient OER activity in 1.0 M KOH and requires an overpotential of 310 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The NiS2/NiO/CNT sample with a heterogeneous structure drives a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 93 mV in the 1.0 M KOH, presenting a significantly enhanced HER activity compared with that of the pure NiO and NiS2 phases. The potential of 1.62 V allows achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting with the NiS2/NiO/CNT and NiO/CNT catalysts as the cathode and anode, respectively.

A finite group G is said to be a B(n, k) group if for any n-element subset {a 1,…, a n } of G, |{a i a j |1 ≤ i, j ≤ n}| ≤k. In this article, we give characterizations of the B(5, 19) 2-groups, and the B(6, k) 2-groups for 21 ≤ k ≤ 28.

We provide a sufficient condition for the cyclicity of an ordered tensor product $L=V_{a_1}(\omega_{b_1})\otimes V_{a_2}(\omega_{b_2})\otimes...\otimes V_{a_k}(\omega_{b_k})$ of fundamental representations of the Yangian $Y(\mathfrak{g})$. When $\mathfrak{g}$ is a classical simple Lie algebra, we make the cyclicity condition concrete, which leads to an irreducibility criterion for the ordered tensor product $L$. In the case when $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{sl}_{l+1}$, a sufficient and necessary condition for the irreducibility of the ordered tensor product $L$ is obtained. The cyclicity of the ordered tensor product $L$ is closely related to the structure of the local Weyl modules of $Y(\mathfrak{g})$. We show that every local Weyl module is isomorphic to an ordered tensor product of fundamental representations of $Y(\mathfrak{g})$., Comment: 26 page

A group G is said to be a B(n, k) group if for any n-element subset {a 1,…, a n } of G, |{a i a j | 1 ≤ i, j ≤ n}| ≤k. In this article, we give a complete characterization of B(4, 13) 2-groups, and then obtain a complete characterization of B(4, 13) groups.

A group G is said to be a B(n,k) group if for any n-element subset {a1,…, an} of G, |{aiaj | 1≤i, j≤n}|≤ k. In this paper, characterizations of B(4,11) groups, B(4,12) groups, and B(4,13) non-2-groups are given.

Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be the exceptional complex simple Lie algebra of type $G_2$. We provide a concrete cyclicity condition for the tensor product of fundamental representations of the Yangian $Y(\mathfrak{g})$. Using this condition, we show that every local Weyl module is isomorphic to an ordered tensor product of fundamental representations of $Y(\mathfrak{g})$., Comment: 12 pages

To evaluate the oblique angle, diplopia and stereoacuity before and after rectus recession-suspension on posterior sclera surgery in patients with restrictive strabismus caused by thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).Data from 18 patients (19 eyes) with restrictive strabismus caused by TAO, who underwent rectus recession-suspension on posterior sclera surgery from July 2010 to June 2013 in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, were analyzed retrospectively. Eight patients (8 eyes) or 5 patients (5 eyes) with hypotropia were operated with inferior rectus recession or superior rectus recession. Two patients (2 eyes) with esohypertropia or 3 patients (4 eyes) with esotropia were operated with inferior rectus recession plus medial rectus recession or medial rectus recession. Two patients (1 hypotropia, 1 esotropia) underwent orbital decompression surgery before strabismus surgery. All patients were performed rectus recession-suspension on posterior sclera surgery, and the oblique angle, diplopia view and stereopsis test were examined before and after the operation.All patients were followed up for more than 6 months. The preoperative prism were 20(Δ)- 80(Δ) and postoperative prism were 2(Δ)-10(Δ). There was diplopia on the primary position before surgery in 16 patients. After surgery, the diplopia in 14 patients disappeared on the primary and 15° down gaze, and 2 patients had not diplopia on the primary position but residual diplopia on inferior field. Two patients had stereopsis before surgery, and the numbers of patients raised to 14 after surgery. Compared with pre-operation, changes of the above measured indexs in post-operation were significant difference (all P0.05).The rectus recession-suspension on posterior sclera surgery is effective to improve oblique angle and diplopia in restrictive strabismus caused by TAO, which can improve patient's living quality.