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This study aims to reveal the effects of out-of-class learning activities conducted in the school garden on students' interest in science and their scientific attitudes. Research designed as a pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design of quantitative research methods. The research group of the study consists of 37, 7th grade students enrolled in a public school in Turkiye. Reproduction, growth and development in plants were conducted through school garden-based science activities for seven weeks. The research data were collected using Science Interest Scale and Scientific Attitude Scale. The study findings showed that garden-based activities have a moderate and close to moderate effect on students' interests in science and scientific attitudes. As per these findings, we can say that school gardens are out-of-class learning environments that can be used to help increase students' interest and attitudes toward science.

This study analyses the interrelationship between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and tourism in Mediterranean Basin countries for the period 1997–2020. The paper includes two analyses along with two models. The first analysis investigates a long-run relationship between variables and estimates long-run coefficients by using the Method of Moment Quantile Regression (MM-QR) technique, a novel approach that provides more comprehensive insights. The second analysis examines the dynamic relationship between the variables by dynamic Kónya panel symmetric and asymmetric causality tests. According to the MM-QR estimation results, the effect of EPU on international tourist arrivals (ITA) in Model I is positive across all quantiles (except at the 0.1 quantile), and this positive effect increases with quantile level. In Model II, the effect of ITA on EPU is positive for most of the quantiles (except at the 0.8 and 0.9 quantiles). However, it is statistically significant only for countries in the 0.2 quantile group. The dynamic symmetric causality findings indicate a causal relationship from tourism to EPU (except for Spain) and from EPU to tourism for all countries. The dynamic asymmetric causality test reveals an asymmetric causality in the positive component from tourism to EPU in various periods across countries (except for Greece). In the positive component from EPU to tourism, we observed causality relationships in France and Spain (in a single period) and in Greece and Italy (across multiple periods). It is first study in the literature to examine the causal relationship between EPU and tourism by using dynamic symmetric and asymmetric bootstrap panel causality tests, with a focus on Mediterranean Basin countries. It therefore addresses a significant gap in literature. It is found that there is strong sensitivity in the relationship between tourism and EPU, hence policymakers must carefully calibrate their strategies when assessing the interaction between these two critical factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anadolu University Journal of Art & Design / Sanat & Tasarım is the property of Anadolu University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the early periods, linguists have acted on the principle of explaining each linguistic issue through its underlying causes. Although they concentrated on the science of Arabic Syntax, they also elaborate on explaining the rhetorical issues with their causes as an extension of Arabic Syntax. It is a known fact that commentators, who pay great attention to the style of the Holy Qur’ān, rely on the causes while explaining the verses. This paper aims to analyze the causes which play an important role in explaining the issues of precence and delay through the commentary of al-Zamakhsharī whom had a creative and innovative way in the style of precence and delay. For this reason, the underlying causes, he relied on to explain the issues of precedence and delay and its intended meaning, have been examined through some examples from al-Zamakhsharī's commentary. In this context, the concept of cause (ʿilla) and evidence (qarīna) s and the necessity of the causes to determine the meaning in the Holy Qur’ān are explained. This study also talks about the evidences/indications (al-qarīna al-mu‘ayyina and al-qarīna al-māni‘a) that al-Zamakhsharī used them to determine the issues of precence and delay; and for the intended meaning. This study required using analytical methods. And the research concludes that al-qarīna al-māni‘a in these issues is the Presumption of Rank. Although al-Zamakhsharī did not mention these explicitly, he suggested it indirectly, and he used contextual and situational proofs to identify the purposes of the precence. It is also noteworthy that he is the first person to explicitly mention the meaning of specialization as indication of precence. However, it would be more accurate approach to evaluate his inference as a conclusion that he reached by including the context and situation and relying on the data of previous linguists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Economics & Admistrative Sciene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Islamic Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)