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Objective This study aims to develop a prognosis prediction model and visualization system for acute paraquat poisoning based on an improved machine learning model. Methods 101 patients with acute paraquat poisoning admitted to 6 hospitals from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected for this study. After expiry of the treatment period (one year of follow-up for survivors and up to the time of death for deceased patients) and they were categorized into the survival group (n = 37) and death group (n = 64). The biochemical indexes of the patients were analyzed, and a prognosis prediction model was constructed using HHO-XGBoost, an improved machine-learning algorithm. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to verify the value of the self-screening features in the model. Results Seven features were selected in the HHO-XGBoost model, including oral dose, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, urea nitrogen level, and thrombin time. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences between these features’ survival and death groups (P

China's food industry has witnessed rapid and accelerated development in recent years, which poses higher demands on the quality of food talents. Drawing on Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, this paper argues for the necessity of constructing a multi-dimensional integration cultivation system for first-class food talents. It also points out that universities, as the main carriers of talent cultivation, should explore the methods and approaches of constructing such a system by integrating moral and intellectual education, discipline and specialty, scientific research and teaching, and industry and specialty. To cultivate talents with moral integrity through party building and ideological and political education in curriculum, to foster students' professional growth through the coordinated development of discipline and specialty and the mutual assistance of teaching and scientific research, and to enhance students' diversified development through the optimization of curriculum resource allocation. By doing so, this paper addresses the questions of "what kind of people to cultivate?" and "how to cultivate?", aiming to provide a strong talent resource support for the development of food industry.

Objective: To study the synergistic antioxidant activity of Anoectochilus roxburghii-Fagopyrum tataricum Mixed Extracts (AFME) in vitro, and the effects of AFME on aging in mice exposed to D-galactose. Methods: The synergistic antioxidant activity of AFME in vitro was evaluated by isoradiation analysis, via determining the contents of total flavonoids and total polyphenols in AFME with different mass ratios of Anoectochilus roxburghii and Fagopyrum tataricum, and measuring the ability of which to scavenge DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals. Low, medium and high dosages of AFME (1:1) (700, 1400, 2800 mg/kg) (AFME-L group, AFME-M group, AFME-H group), and vitamine C (VC) (100 mg/kg) (VC group) were gavaged to the mice for 63 days, to evaluate the effects of AFME on aging in mice exposed to D-galactose, by measuring the body weight, organ index, liver tissue morphology, and oxidative damage in serum and liver. Results: AFME (1:1) showed the optimum synergistic antioxidant effects in vitro. Compared with the control group (C group), the body weight, brain index and thymus index of aging mice were decreased (P

ABSTRACT: Chicken egg yolk granules (EYG) were the precipitated component of egg yolk after water dilution and centrifugation. Compared with egg yolk, EYG are rich in proteins, phospholipids, and minerals. In this study, an integrated proteomic analysis was carried out to in-depth mapping of the proteome, phosphoproteome, and N-glycoproteome of EYGs. After hydrolysis of the EYG total protein, the hydrolyzed peptides or the enriched phosphopeptides/glycopeptides were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 125 phosphorylation sites from 36 phosphoproteins and 244 N-glycosylation sites from 100 N-glycoproteins were identified in EYG. All 3 vitellogenins (precursors of egg yolk high-density lipoprotein) were heavily phosphorylated and N-glycosylated, of which 37 phosphorylation sites and 32 N-glycosylation sites were identified on vitellogenins-2. A Total of 30 N-glycosylation sites were identified on apolipoprotein-B (precursor of egg yolk low-density lipoprotein), but no phosphorylation site was identified. These phosphorylation and N-glycosylation of EYG proteins provide new insights for understanding the assembly structure and functional characteristics of EYG, thus contributing to its development and utilization.

Post-translational modification structure of food's proteins might be changed during processing, thereby affecting the nutritional characteristics of the food product. In this study, differences in protein N-glycosylation patterns between milk and yogurt were quantitatively compared based on glycopeptide enrichment, liquid chromatography separation, and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 181 N-glycosites were identified, among which 142 were quantified in milk and yogurt. Significant alterations in the abundance of 13 of these N-glycosites were evident after the fermentation of milk into yogurt. Overall, the N-glycosylation status of the majority of milk proteins remained relatively unchanged in yogurt, suggesting that their conformations, activities, and functions were maintained despite the fermentation process. Among the main milk proteins, N241 of cathepsin D and N358 of lactoperoxidase were markedly reduced after undergoing lactic acid fermentation to produce yogurt. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of current and previously reported N-glycoproteomic data revealed heterogeneity in the N-glycosylation of milk proteins. To sum up, a quantitative comparison of the N-glycoproteomes of milk and yogurt was presented here for the first time, providing evidence that the fermentation process of yogurt could cause changes in the N-glycosylation of certain milk proteins.

The Tibetan pig is a characteristic breed of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with distinct physiological and meat quality attributes. The liver lipid profile can offer an important perspective to explore the uniqueness of Tibetan pigs. A quantitative comparison of liver lipidomes revealed significant differences in the lipid profiles between Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs raised at different altitudes. The abundance of lipids in the livers of pigs raised at a high altitude was higher than that of pigs raised at a lower altitude, whereas the abundance of lipids in the livers of Yorkshire pigs was higher than that of Tibetan pigs raised at the same altitude. Of the 1101 lipids identified, 323 and 193 differentially abundant lipids (DALs) were identified in the pairwise comparisons of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs raised at different altitudes, respectively. The DALs of Tibetan pigs consisted mainly of 161 triglycerides, along with several acylcarnitines, represented by carnitine C2:0, and significant changes in the abundance of some phospholipids. The DALs of Yorkshire pigs were more complex, with significant increases in the abundance of triglycerides, cholesteryl esters, and free fatty acids, and decreases in the abundance of some phospholipids. This research provides strong theoretical and data support for the high-quality development of the highland livestock industry.

1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-dione (tetrahydrocurcumin, THC) is a major bioactive metabolite of curcumin, demonstrating the potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, etc. In this study, it was found that Aβ induced decreased cell viability, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in BV-2 cells, which were ameliorated by THC. In vivo, THC administration rescued learning and memory, and reduced Aβ burden in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. By proteomic analysis of the hippocampus of mice, 157 differentially expressed proteins were identified in APP/PS1 mice treated with THC (comparing with APP/PS1 mice), which also suggested that the effects of THC on the cell cycle and apoptosis were mostly related to the “Ras signaling pathway”, etc. In APP/PS1 mice, the down-regulation of Gab2 and K-Ras, and the up-regulation of caspase-3, TGF-β1 and TNF-ɑ were observed; THC attenuated the abnormal expression of Gab2, K-Ras, caspase-3 and TNF-ɑ, and up-regulated TGF-β1 and Bag1 expression. In BV-2 cells, Aβ induced the down-regulation of Gab2, K-Ras and TGF-β1, and the overexpression of caspase-3, PARP1, cleaved-PARP1 and TNF-ɑ, which were restored by THC. Moreover, THC up-regulated Bag1 expression in Aβ-treated BV-2 cells. The decreased transcriptional expression of Ccnd2 and Cdkn1a were also observed in Aβ-treated BV-2 cells, and THC alleviated the down-regulation of Ccnd2. For the first time, we identified that the action of THC in preventing AD was associated with inhibition of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of microglia via the Ras/ERK signaling pathway, shedding new light on the role of THC in alleviating the progression of AD.

The impacts of three kinds of Seabuckthorn (SBT) leaf tea (dried at room temperature (SBTD), processing in traditional green (SBTG) and black tea (SBTG) making technology) on the bioactive components and human fecal microflora were studied using an in vitro digestion and fermentation model. Firstly, the content analysis confirmed that the total polysaccharide (mg/g dry weight) of SBTG (165.83 ± 2.79) was increased significantly, higher (p < 0.05) than SBTB (115.79 ± 2.23) and SBTD (100.04 ± 1.68). The total quercetin (mg/g dry weight) of SBTG (6045.63 ± 92.01) and of SBTD (5625.07 ± 87.84) were both increased significantly, higher (p < 0.05) than SBTB (2384.82 ± 38.89). On the contrary, the total garlic acid (GA) (mg/100g dry weight) in SBTB (60.417 ± 2.785) was increased obviously, higher (p < 0.05) than SBTG (46.136 ± 1.8835) and SBTD (6.851 ± 0.4258). Secondly, an in vitro digestion demonstrated that these three nutrients were destroyed heavily except for hemicelluloses, but the content order remained unchanged, compared with before and after digestion. Finally, a microbial analysis (log CFU/ml) indicated that the growth of probiotics Bifidobacteria group (0.149 ± 0.0005) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased only by SBTG, compared to the control (0.124 ± 0.0017), SBTB (0.126 ± 0.00211) and SBTD (0.126 ± 0.0011). The growth of neutral bacteria Escherichia coli group was only inhibited by SBTB (0.112 ± 0.0017). As for pathogens Clostridium perfringens group, the antimicrobial treatment of SBTB (0.104 ± 0.0008) was better (p < 0.05) than SBTG (0.108 ± 0.0009). Taken together, these findings for the first time revealed that SBTG treatment could increase the growth of Bifidobacteria group and inhibit the growth of Clostridium perfringens group at the same time. So, green tea making technology was more suitable for SBT leaf tea processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]