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Introduction: The objective was to analyze the effect of a reduction of the net height and the court size and serve limitations on the technical-tactical actions, physical actions, and psychological aspects in youth volleyball players. Methods: The sample was 29 under-14 female volleyball players (three regional club teams). A quasi-experimental design was implemented to assess the effect of modification in three tournaments. The independent variables were: a) official rules tournament (no changes in the rules), b) Experimental Tournament 1 (reduction in the net height from 2.10 m to 2 m, no jump serves, and a maximum of two serves per player and rotation), and c) Experimental Tournament 2 (reduction in net height from 2.10 m to 2 m, reduction in court size from 9 × 9 m to 8 × 8 m, no jump serves, and a maximum of two serves per player and rotation). The dependent variables were: ball contact done (type), quality and efficacy of the technical actions, team game phases occurrence, quality and efficacy, continuity index, number of jumps, player's jump load in the take-off and landing, number of hits, average heart rate, Rate of Perceived Effort, time between ball contacts, serve velocity, perceived individual and collective self-efficacy, perceived enjoyment, and perceived satisfaction. Results: Experimental Tournament 1 involved an increase in the efficacy of serves and a decrease in the efficacy of side-out phases. The imbalance between serve and reception did not impact game continuity but reduced the attack and blocks. Experimental Tournament 2 involved a decrease in the efficacy of serves and an increase in the efficacy of side-out phases. The balance between serve and reception increased reception efficacy, the occurrence of attacks and blocks, game continuity, and players' effort. players' effort. Discussion: Scaling the net and court and adapting the serve rules (Experimental Tournament 2) resulted in game dynamics for these U-12 teams that were more similar to those of posterior stages of player through the balance between serve and reception and the adaptation of the net height and court size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of negative body image on social media among youth, utilizing semi-structured interviews with influencers, psychologists, youth, and social media managers. Negative body image is the subjective perception of one's body as flawed or undesirable, often leading to feelings of dissatisfaction and distress. The primary objective is to understand the multifaceted nature of negative body image exacerbated by extensive social media exposure. Key questions revolve around societal and governmental responsibilities, the promotion of natural beauty, and the effectiveness of support systems. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted with diverse participants. Thematic analysis was employed to extract insights into the complexities of negative body image. The study acknowledges the limitations of sample size and potential theme overlap while recognizing the strength of its diverse participant pool. The findings underscore the adverse mental health effects linked to pervasive social media usage. Women are predominantly affected, but men are increasingly vulnerable. The study emphasizes the necessity for nuanced interventions to address these challenges effectively. The study advocates for comprehensive support systems to promote youth self-acceptance in the digital age. It highlights the importance of societal and governmental roles in fostering a culture that promotes natural beauty and healthy body image perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental awareness and concern for the natural environment determine purchasing habits, forming sustainable consumption patterns, motivating the population to prefer ecological goods and services. This issue is especially relevant for young people since they will be the consumers of the future, and the progress of humanity in achieving Sustainable Development Goals depends to a large extent on the sustainability and eco-orientation of their consumer behaviour. The article aims to determine the factors that influence the sustainable consumer behavior of young people. The basis of the study was the results of a survey of 89 young people (aged 20 to 36 years, almost half of whom are 23 to 26 years old) in the city of Jaipur (India, the capital of the state of Rajasthan), which is a rapidly growing urban center, so the problems of urban development here are typical of many rapidly developing cities around the world." The questionnaire consists of 34 questions, of which 27 are aimed at determining the determinants of sustainable consumer behavior, and seven are aimed at evaluating the most sustainable consumer behavior. A five-point Likert scale was used for evaluation. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), which helps to identify the relationships between determinants and sustainable consumer behavior, is performed using Smart PLS. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis and correlation analysis are performed using SPSS. Data suitability for analysis was confirmed using Bartlett's sphericity test and sampling adequacy measurement results (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin). The reliability and internal consistency of the data were confirmed using the Alpha-Cronbach coefficient, Composite Reliability coefficients and convergent validity / Average variance extracted (AVE) Values. The discriminant validity and suitability of the data for structural modeling was confirmed using the Fornell-Larker criteria. The study proposed and empirically tested 10 hypotheses regarding the positive influence of 5 factor variables (perception of consequences, behavioral control, response efficiency, sensitivity to the environment, and environmental knowledge) on 2 resulting variables: behavioral intentions and sustainable consumption behavior. According to the study results, 6 out of 10 hypotheses were confirmed: ecological knowledge, behavioral control, response efficiency, and perception of consequences were determinants of behavioral intentions, while sensitivity to the environment was not. At the same time, only behavioral control and perception of consequences were determinants of sustainable consumer behavior. The results of the study can be used to develop and implement measures aimed at promoting sustainable consumer behavior among young people (for example, educational programs and political initiatives), as well as to create marketing plans that motivate this particular customer group to make sustainable purchase decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The JoyPop™ smartphone app is a digital intervention designed to enhance day-to-day resilience in youth, particularly those exposed to traumatogenic events [adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)]. Processes of adaptation that foster resilience in response to high stress include affect, cognitive, and behavioral regulation, and social interaction. Digital interventions have application for youth and those who provide them support, including social work trainees navigating the stressors of university studies concurrent with practice internships. Research on resilience-enhancing apps is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms by which change occurs and who is most likely to benefit from these interventions. Methods: Social work student participants (N = 91) were invited to use the JoyPop app two times daily for 28 days. Baseline ACE exposure and change-over-time in affect regulation, stress responsivity, and social support were evaluated after 2 and 4 weeks of app use with t-tests and generalized estimating equation (GEE) modeling. Results: Participants identified predominantly as cisgender women of European descent, mean age 26 years (SD = 6.78), 70% undergraduates, and reported consistent daily app use (Mean days = 26.9, SD = 1.90). Self-reported baseline ACE exposure was high (30% ≥ 5+). We tested change-over-time with generalized estimating equation and saw improvement in affect regulation in the Abbreviated Dysregulation Inventory scale (β = -3.38, p=<.001), and subscales of behavioral (β = -1.63, p=<.001), affect (β = -3.24, p=<.001), and cognitive regulation (β = 1.50, p=.009). Perceived stress decreased with app use (β = -2.65, p=<.001) and even more so for participants with reported exposure to more than 4 ACEs (β = -3.786, p=.030). Conclusions: The exploratory findings from our pilot study suggest that consistent use of the app may enhance multidimensional resilience amongst university students who self-report higher than average levels of baseline traumatogenic exposures. Our findings support an approach modeling resilience as a complex, dynamic, multicomponent process supported by resources within and between individuals. Further testing of the mechanisms of adaptation in response to high stress that enhance resilience and identification of the JoyPop™ app features that influence this change is needed to validate that daily app use could help youth with experiences of past and current high stress to better regulate their affect, reduce stress reactivity, and increase resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing worldwide declines in adolescents' school belonging requires identifying factors to target in reversing this trend. We hypothesized that adolescents with higher levels of teacher connection and perspective-taking would have greater school belonging and that the joint association of both factors with school belonging would be more than additive. We analysed cross-sectional survey data from 15-year-olds in 62 countries (N = 392,096) collected in the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment. Measures were expressed in standard deviation (SD) units. Based on regression models with both factors plus covariates, school belonging increased 0.12 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.13) units for a 1.00 SD increase in teacher connection and 0.09 units (95% CI: 0.08, 0.10) for a 1.00 SD increase in perspective-taking. The observed (joint) association of both factors with school belonging was 19.0% greater than the expected (additive) association. Efforts to increase teacher connection and perspective-taking could improve school belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Car theft and joyriding are becoming increasingly common in regional areas of Australia. Whilst the consequences of these actions can be fatal, surprisingly little is known about the motivations for young people who engage in these behaviours. This exploratory study draws from 17 in-depth interviews that were conducted as part of a pilot intervention program aimed at adolescents either already engaged or susceptible to car theft and joyriding behaviours. The findings suggest that joyriding predominately attracts disenfranchised youth who lack opportunities for education, employment, and leisure. For these adolescents, joyriding emerges to counterbalance disadvantage and alleviate the monotony in their lives. Interviewees also provide suggestions for deterring joyriding, such as providing young people with occupational opportunities that allow them to serve as role models to themselves and others and adrenaline-based activities to replace the thrills of joyriding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth participation and activism are considered key factors in making the world a fairer, more inclusive, and sustainable place. In line with this idea, in this work, we aim to understand how young people who actively participate in social organizations perceive the characteristics that define young 'mindchangers.' By this concept, we refer to a young citizen who is committed to social justice and willing to change society's mindsets and catalyse active participation among their peers. In our research design, we adopted a quantitative methodological approach using a survey procedure. The results reveal a high level of agreement on the traits that define a Mindchanger. We conclude by emphasizing that the characteristics to which young respondents attribute the highest importance, such as 'promoter of change', 'open-minded', 'interest in global issues', 'open to international solidarity' and 'empathy', appear to have the greatest influence on the likelihood of becoming a Mindchanger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study is the first to describe the validation of the Psychological Control Disrespect Scale (PCDS; Barber etal., 2012) with a large age-range of emerging adults, in an attempt to broaden the usage of the scale to late and post-adolescence population. The sample consisted of 364 participants (184 females and 179 males; 1 unknown sex), whose age ranged between 18 and 29 (M = 24.38, SD = 3.03). Subject to the exclusion of one item, the PCDS exhibited acceptable to good model-fit indices when used with emerging adults reporting on their mothers, and its psychometric properties were found to be principally equal across child's sex (i.e. respondent's sex measurement invariance). The PCDS also displayed good reliability indexes, including the first evidence of the scale's test–retest reliability. Finally, the PCDS was tested for convergent validity against conceptually corresponding parenting scales, which reinforced the scale's validity as a measure of maladaptive parenting construct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to family and school factors, adolescent academic performance can also be influenced by the surrounding peer groups. Based on the data from China Education Panel Studies (CEPS) between 2013 and 2014, this paper examined the association between peer deviant behaviour and adolescent academic performance. It is found that peer deviant behaviour negatively predicted adolescent academic performance, and the negative association between peer deviant behaviour and academic performance in migrant and school-boarding adolescents was obviously weaker than that in native and home-resident adolescents. This negative association was slightly reduced but still significant after controlling for potential selection bias. More peer deviant behaviours reduced adolescent academic performance by increasing their own deviant behaviours and reducing their own educational expectation. Therefore, it is necessary to guide peer behaviours and interactions and regulate adolescent deviant behaviours from a global perspective to avoid negative peer effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the perceptions of students in Finnish vocational education and training (VET) institutions about the joy of studying in online learning environments. The data consisted of 290 students' answers to a survey and a thematic interview with eight students. The phenomenographic analysis revealed students' experiences of joy in practical learning using digital programmes, independent learning online, collaborative learning online, and working life-oriented online learning. Students experienced the joy of studying when the teacher was positive, supportive, and interested in the subject being taught and treated all students equally. Some students experienced the joy of studying when they could study with others, while others experienced joy alone, regardless of time and place. The research contributed a profound understanding of the joy of learning in different online learning environments, which helps develop teaching and learning in VET in a student-centred manner [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the roles of youth prosocial, self-interested and controlled motivations to comply with recommended protective behaviour during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We test the interrelations of awareness of COVID-19 cases in social network, risk perception, motivation and behaviour, via structural equation modelling on self-reported data from 1,265 undergraduate university students. Analysis identified prosocial motivation and self-interested motivation as equally strong for predicting young people's behaviour while controlled motivation revealed no association. The presence of known COVID-19 cases in social networks could differently affect perceived risks of disease and motivation to comply with protective measures. While awareness of severe consequences positively affects motivation, awareness of mild cases, in contrast, decreases perceived disease severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developmental assets describe sources of individuals' experiences and supports that impact their developmental outcomes. Internal assets comprise youth skills, competencies, and self-perception, while external assets include support in youth contexts, empowerment, expectations and boundaries, as well as use of free time. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between developmental assets and risk behaviours, and if gender and educational stage have moderating roles in these relationships. The types of risk behaviours ranged from expressions of aggression to consumption of addictive substances. Upper secondary school and university students from Croatia (N = 728) reported internal and external developmental assets, and risk behaviours. Our results suggest that developmental assets have similar roles in protecting all students from risk behaviours, apart from expectations and boundaries, which seem to be more protective for boys. Furthermore, the results suggest that developmental assets have a stronger effect on upper secondary school students' risk behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet provides opportunities for social interactions which first occur in an online environment that can lead to meeting up in real life. However, growing concerns around safety and privacy warrant greater study of this modern-day phenomenon. Using a longitudinal dataset of approximately 4,300 20-year-olds in Ireland, this study finds one-in-three report meeting someone from online. Multiple regression reveals that females are less likely to engage in such behaviour, while the trait of 'openness', spending more time on the internet, being non-heterosexual, using dating apps, and being sexually active at 17 years are positively associated. Early exposure to information and communication technologies, as indicated by mobile phone ownership at 9 years, is also associated with online-to-offline encounters. A range of policy considerations are discussed, including the continued need for education in e-safety and cyber safety awareness from a young age through young adulthood, particularly for groups such as LGBT communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people are the driving force of society. Therefore, the well-being of society itself depends on what values and ideals they carry into adulthood. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the values of contemporary Chinese youth in the context of their future life goals and to analyze how self-criticism shapes students' depressive tendencies with the use of digital games. This study was conducted at Shaanxi Technical College of Finance and Economics with 157 Chinese students between the ages of 18 and 25. One hundred nine girls and forty-eight boys were randomly selected for the study. The study was conducted in a Chinese cultural context using the method of experiment with a survey, statistical, and correlational data analysis. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between self-criticism and N/NE is strong (rs = 0.50-0.65), but it was most related to the positive emotional component of E/PE. Thus, no obvious and serious reasons for the development of depression in young people were found. The results showed that digital games cannot influence the development of self-critical abilities of students, however, they can be a highquality tool in psychological work with students to determine depressive moods, an overestimated level of self-criticism, and other problems that prevent them from learning. This article has implications for further research in education, as it may provide a basis for developing and improving new methods of constructing curricula. They can be aimed at defining special attention to the psychological state of students to prevent depressive states caused by high levels of selfcriticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the realm of sports psychology, aiming to investigate the intricate relationship between family dynamics and athlete nutrition within the context of the Saudi youth national team. Employing a descriptive research approach, a comprehensive questionnaire was administered, comprising three core dimensions: dietary intake assessment, the psychological impact of family dynamics, and individual beliefs regarding their influence on athlete nutrition. The questionnaire encompassed 28 statements and was administered to a sample of 90 players selected from the Saudi youth national team. From a sports psychology perspective, the study uncovers valuable insights. Firstly, it highlights the moderate impact of family dynamics as a social system on the dietary habits of Saudi youth national team players. It is evident that designated mealtimes serve as a crucial social gathering, wherein the family underscores the significance of adequate water consumption and the selection of nutritious foods. Remarkably, this study discerns no statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level concerning the relationship between family dynamics and sports nutrition, even when considering variables such as age and economic status among the Saudi youth national team players. In light of these sports psychology-oriented findings, it is recommended that future research endeavors within this domain explore the psychological aspects of how families support and influence athletes in maintaining their health, fitness, and physique through specific dietary regimens. This may include examining the familial dynamics and their psychological impact on athletes' adherence to nutritional guidelines. Moreover, it is imperative to consider the role of familial support in mitigating psychological stressors related to nutrition and its impact on athletic performance. The integration of sports psychology principles into nutritional counseling and education for athletes and their families could prove highly beneficial. By enhancing understanding and communication within the family unit, athletes may better navigate the challenges of adhering to optimal nutrition strategies. Consequently, this approach has the potential to bolster not only athletic performance but also the overall psychological wellbeing of athletes, ensuring they are better equipped to handle the pressures of competitive sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It's been more than two years and the world is still struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic, which has tested the health and education system of almost every country and has resulted in the worst crisis ever. Children and youths all over the world have suffered the most due to partial and or complete closure of schools and will remember this dramatic experience for the rest of their lives. The present review briefs some of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education system and children and youths worldwide. The literature was searched from governmental, non-governmental agencies including UNICEF, UN, UNESCO, WHO, UNFPA, OECD, CARE, ITU, World Economic Forum, and many English peer-reviewed journals, using PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Science Direct databases. Literature from the COVID-19 pandemic onset till May 2022 about the impact of school closure on children and adolescents was searched. Present review observed that COVID-19 pandemic-related school closure has resulted in the loss of education for many students worldwide. They have lost a safe environment, the support of peers and teachers, and a source of nutrition. Though COVID-19 has many negative impacts on education, it has also opened innovative ways of teaching that will help in developing a better and student-friendly curriculum. School closure has not only disrupted the education of children and adolescents, but has also pushed them into poverty, malnutrition, mental illness, child marriages, teenage pregnancies, and sexual, physical, and emotional violence, which needs urgent attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a descriptive study of 21 cases of serial sexual murder by children and adolescents spanning nearly the past century and a half. No earlier cases worldwide were identified. Each of these youth committed two or more sexual homicides prior to age 18. Their psychopathological, psychosocial, crime scene behaviors, and offender–victim relationship characteristics are presented. Additionally, the role of sexual sadism and its measurement using the SADSEX‐SH rating scale is addressed. Nearly all of the sample had conduct disorder, a paraphilic disorder, and sadistic fantasies, and two‐thirds had sexual sadism disorder. Family dysfunction, serious school problems, and average or above IQ levels were typical. Their modus operandi generally reflected predatory behavior and direct contact methods of killing were most common. Two case reports are provided to illustrate the breadth and complexity of these offenders. Juvenile Serial Sexual Homicide is an extremely rare but persistent phenomenon. Prognostic implications and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Islamic Research / İslâmi Araştırmalar Dergisi is the property of Turkey Economical & Cultural Solidarity (TEK-DAV) Foundation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The physical and psychosocial benefits of physical activity for typically developing youth are well established; however, its impact on youth with intellectual disabilities is not as well understood. The aims of this review and meta-analysis were to synthesize the literature and quantify the effects of physical activity on the physical and psychosocial health of youth with intellectual disabilities. Method: Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were grouped by their focus on physical health and/or psychosocial health outcomes. Meta-analyses were performed using 3-level, random effects and mixed effects models. Results: One hundred nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Physical activity had a large effect on physical health (g = 0.773, P < .001) and a moderately large effect (g = 0.682, P < .001) on psychosocial health. Participant age, intellectual disability level, other developmental disabilities, outcome type, and intervention type moderated the effects of physical activity on physical health, whereas study design, risk of bias, other developmental disabilities, outcome type, and intervention type were moderators on psychosocial health. Conclusions: Physical activity has positive effects on the physical and psychosocial health of youth with intellectual disabilities. Although resistance training shows the most physical benefits, teaching movement and sports skills appear to benefit their physical and psychosocial health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comunicar (English Edition) is the property of Oxbridge Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents results of research on academic youth attitudes on love, intimacy, and infidelity in Poland. The research goal was to determine how modern adolescents define a relationship, what role is played in this regard by the sociocultural understanding of love they adopted, and how their ideas about relationship and love translate into faithfulness in the relationship. The research was conducted using quantitative methods with computer assisted (aided) web interviews on an Internet channel supervised by Lime-Survey system. The study was of an exploratory character; it used N = 621 of full questionnaires. Factor analysis enabled distinguishing three analytic areas: relationship, infidelity and causes of infidelity. Within every definitional range, the number of variables extracted from the question pool was reduced to two dimensions. In each case, the definitional variants clearly fit into a distinct dualism of cultural forms of love, which distinguished between romantic love and pure relationship. Young people's attitudes towards love and infidelity are full of contradictions and paradoxes. On the one hand, they look for romantic love, on the other, one can observe a need of sexual experiences and pleasures. Adolescents define infidelity in corporal terms, but they do not forget about its emotional aspect. Their opinions about infidelity point to a rather elusive nature of traditionally applying norms and prohibitions. What is crucial in this regard is the way the relationship is perceived and the strength of emotional involvement and ties binding the couple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework promotes a vision of youth based on their strengths. This paper is a review the Handbook of positive youth development. Advancing research, policy, and practice in global contexts. This review expands on the core themes of the Handbook by delving into challenges for PYD research as it moves forward to reach populations that have been systematically excluded from mainstream academia. It is proposed that the publication of this book, and its valuable contributions to youth research and policy, is a timely opportunity to highlight the mismatch between youth possibilities in developed and developing contexts, as it is the Handbook's aim to decrease the gap between mainstream and Global South youth psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is aimed towards guiding the reader along the road I have travelled towards realising the importance of generating South African theories on youth violence for improved violence prevention interventions. The article reflects important insights that I have developed on the way in which the predictability of violence is investigated. These insights revolve around the study of risk and protective factors, the development of models predicting the future occurrence of violence, and theories used to explain the development of youth violence. Challenges identified are that psychological mechanisms are not accounted for when working with risk and protective factors and predictive models, that youth violence is mostly studied under an umbrella term reflecting a collection of youth offences, and that some studies on violent behaviour separate violent behaviour from the context in which it took place. The solution presented is embedded in the generation of theory using the grounded theory methodology, with the aim to redress the challenges to better inform programme theories in prevention programmes for youth violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study seeks to evaluate the relationships between cannabis-related communication and outcomes of interest such as cannabis-related risk perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors among young adults. Young adults who were at risk for cannabis use were surveyed online in 2020. Results showed that exposure to online educational messages was associated with higher intentions of engaging in peer intervention, while exposure to online advertising was related to higher intention to use cannabis. Anti-cannabis interpersonal discussion was associated with increased risk perceptions, less favorable cannabis attitudes, and a higher likelihood of peer intervention. More pro-cannabis interpersonal discussion was associated with decreased risk perceptions, more favorable cannabis attitudes, higher use intention, and decreased likelihood of peer intervention. In addition, pro-cannabis interpersonal discussion mediated the relationship between exposure to advertising and cannabis risk perceptions, intentions to use cannabis, attitudes about cannabis, and the likelihood of peer intervention. In contrast, anti-cannabis interpersonal discussion mediated the relationship between exposure to educational messages online and cannabis risk perceptions and the likelihood of peer intervention. These findings underscore the need to regulate online cannabis marketing and the importance of investing in online education campaigns to increase public understanding of the risks associated with cannabis consumption in young adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to examine macro-determinants of the Not Engaged in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) rate with the country as the unit of analysis. Data from 40 countries were extracted from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) database. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between the NEET rate and gross domestic product (GDP), population density, life expectancy, social spending, homicide rate, part-time employment, poverty, social inequality (GINI index), and education spending. As part of a sensitivity analysis, the analysis was repeated using open data from the World Bank Group. GDP and social spending were uniquely associated with the NEET rate after controlling for the effects of other factors. Social inequality, poverty, and education spending showed borderline significant associations with the NEET rate. The findings of the present ecological study showed associations between environmentally unfavourable conditions or harshness and the NEET rate at the country level and may inform appropriate policy measures to contain and promote a decrease in the NEET rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having established students' life values, the role of religion in its structure, it is possible to predict the future development of society. The purpose of this study is to analyse the religious value orientations influence on student society and to determine the influence nature of religious orientations in the system of value orientations on the daily behaviour of students. This study is based on the research of students' religious orientations in the Tyumen region conducted in 2021. The study was conducted in the context of a basic long-term research of the student's value priorities in the Tyumen region. The methodological basis of the research is the key provisions of social philosophy, sociology and psychology of religion, sociology of personality, sociology of youth and social psychology. Based on the results of an empirical study, the authors characterised the religiosity of the modern youth and determined the impact nature of religious orientations on everyday behaviour. The practical significance of the study is that the empirical data obtained can be used by civil society to prevent the spread of radical religious ideas among students, to involve the data in the activities of organisations dealing with extremism. The results obtained in the course of the study allow developing interaction projects between universities, student associations, and religious associations in the implementation of numerous state youth policy areas, which sets the "possible impact" boundaries of religious associations on cooperation with students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Temperament activity level can serve as a proxy for nondeliberate activity and an important part of overall energy expenditure. However, little is known about any association between temperament activity level and children's levels of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity. We examined whether temperament activity level in young children is associated with moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity later in childhood and midadolescence. We also assessed if parenting behaviors moderate any association. Methods: Data were obtained from 799 children and their mothers involved in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Growth curve analyses were used to examine the relationships over time, controlling for child and parent characteristics. Results: High temperament activity level at age 4.5 was associated with higher moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity at age 9 (β = 5.15; SE =2.47; P < .001). The association became no longer significant after 10.2 years of age. The association was moderated by parental support for physical activity (β = -2.56; SE = 1.01; P = .01). Conclusions: Low temperament activity level in early childhood was a risk factor for low physical activity in later childhood and adolescence. Parental support for physical activity may be beneficial for children whose temperament activity level is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children who engage in regular physical activity are protected from developing behavioral problems at home and school, but many children do not have the opportunity to participate in regular physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a noncurricular school-based physical activity program resulted in reductions in children's psychological problems in 2 domains: internalizing (eg, depression) and externalizing (eg, aggression) and whether these effects varied according to ethnicity, gender, and baseline psychological symptoms. Methods: One hundred and eleven third-grade students (mean age = 8.47; 55% African American, 42% Latino) from 4 schools participated in the study. Children in 2 schools received the Work to Play physical activity intervention during the study (intervention condition) and children in the other 2 schools did not receive the program until after the study was complete (waitlist control condition). Teachers and parents reported on children's psychological symptoms at baseline and at follow-up approximately 9 months later. Results: Regression analyses showed that children who participated in the program had fewer internalizing symptoms at follow-up. Ethnicity moderated intervention effects with significant decreases in internalizing symptoms for African American, but not Hispanic participants. Neither gender nor baseline psychological symptoms moderated the program's effectiveness. Conclusions: The Work-to-Play intervention program appeared to be effective in reducing internalizing symptoms for ethnic minority participants who are at the greatest risk for psychological problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although previous research has shown that deliberative discussions have consequences for intergroup attitudes, very little is known about this impact during the formative adolescent years. In addition, the mechanism explaining the mechanism through which discussions affect intergroup attitudes is not clear. This 3-wave study of Swedish adolescents (N = 892, 51.1% girls, MageT1 = 13.41, nested in 35 classrooms) examined the role of teacher-initiated political discussions in the classroom for the development of youth attitudes toward immigrants. The results of multilevel analysis showed that adolescents who perceived political discussions to be less frequent increased in anti-immigrant attitudes compared to youth with more frequent discussions. Similarly, classrooms with less deliberative atmosphere were more negative toward immigrants than classrooms with a higher frequency of discussions, and this effect remained two years after the students moved to new schools. Mediation analysis revealed that general political interest (but not news consumption) explained the effects of classroom discussions on attitudes: Youth who perceived that their teachers frequently initiate political discussions developed higher general political interest and, in turn, lower anti-immigrant attitudes than youth with less frequent discussions. The findings show an important role of classroom political discussions for the formation of intergroup attitudes in adolescence. The findings suggest that frequent discussions reduce the risk of prejudice development by stimulating youth general political interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to accurately identify youth at risk for suicide, it remains crucial to explore the interplay of risk factors that predict suicidal behavior. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore whether social functioning, a putative risk factor, would be positively associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth with a history of suicide attempts. Additionally, it was postulated that poor social functioning would mediate the relation between depression, anxiety symptoms, and a higher frequency of suicidal ideation among this population. A sample of youth (ages 10–17) with a history of suicide attempts was recruited for this study (N = 507) from three behavioral health clinics in Georgia. Data from this study consisted of questionnaires and clinician-based ratings collected on electronic medical records. Results supported the hypothesis that there is a positive correlation between poor social functioning, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, social functioning mediated the relation between these symptoms and a higher frequency of suicidal ideation. Given the findings of this study, it bears importance to explore how social functioning may impact the onset of suicidal ideation and behavior broadly in youth at risk for suicide. Perhaps designing interventions that improve social functioning among youth with symptoms and anxiety and depression will mitigate future suicide risk. Highlights: Poor social functioning mediates the relation between symptoms of anxiety and depression and suicidal ideation. Recognizing poor social functioning as a risk factor for suicide can aid in more effective prediction and intervention. Effective interventions for poor social functioning should target symptoms of anxiety and depression as these constructs are related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously published work suggests that marginalized Japanese youth have psychologies that deviate from interdependent self‐orientations. To test whether this pattern extends to an independent self‐construal, two previous experiments originally conducted in Japan were replicated in the United States. In Study 1, risk of marginalization was measured among 109 American undergraduates according to a previously developed measure. As expected, high‐risk American undergraduates were less independent. That is, they were less motivated by success than by failure compared to low‐risk American undergraduates. Similarly, in Study 2 with 144 Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) Americans, high‐risk American MTurkers were, again, less independent. That is, they were less motivated to maintain the perception of self‐consistency in their behaviours compared to the low‐risk American MTurkers. Furthermore, American MTurkers who were classified as "high risk" were also living more precarious lives in the U.S. Across cultures, the patterns of results were reversed due to opposing cultural norms according to predominant self‐construal. Thus, the tendency to be marginalized in society seems to predict the tendency to have culturally deviant psychologies: this pattern seems to be generalizable across both an interdependent society like Japan and an independent society like the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Judgments underlie actions and decisions of a person. In some cases, they are based on explicit criteria and logical justifications, and in others they are made intuitively, based on previous experience and general impression. An individual relies on intuitive judgments in any of the areas of his activity. Numerous studies of implicit learning confirm that intuitive judgments in some situations are even more accurate than decisions based on explicit knowledge. At the same time, it is known that intuitive judgments are subject to errors and distortions that need to be detected and corrected. The process of monitoring cognitive activity can be carried out both by the subject of cognition himself at the individual (intra-subjective) level, and at the interpersonal level (intersubjective), when the assessment of decision processes occurs through interaction with other people. The monitoring and control of cognitive processes is provided by the metacognitive system at the intra-subjective level. Metacognitive experiences occupy an important place in the human metacognitive system. They act as subjective markers, signaling the quality of the course of cognitive processes, they are involved in the formation of motivation and regulation of cognitive activity in general. The purpose of our study was to explore the role of metacognitive experiences in the process of intra- and intersubjective monitoring of claims and trends in the behavior of contemporary youth. The topicality of this topic is determined by the significant role of metacognitive experiences in self-realization and the achievement of emotional well-being of the subjects of claims. This study was undertaken to investigate the claims and tendencies in behavior of young people of student age to expand the possibilities of controlling the processes of realizing young people's aspirations. The study embraced 145 boys and girls of student age. To conduct the research, the following methods were used: a questionnaire for studying trends in fashion behavior of young people; "The scale of attitudes towards fashion" (SAF) proposed; a questionnaire for assessing the level of claims. It was found that the level of students' claims mediates the formation of judgments about the effectiveness of their own activities and about the metacognitive experiences of another person and the effectiveness of their making intuitive judgments. In addition, the level of claims influences the evaluation of the reliability of their own knowledge, and the patterns of eliminating individual errors based on information received from another person. The data obtained give grounds to conclude that the level of claims of contemporary youth constitutes a certain resource for the development of an individual's personality, the realization of his own activities, as well as for monitoring errors in making judgments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Critical consciousness has been linked to a range of positive outcomes, particularly among marginalized youth; yet, evidence on its developmental antecedents remains limited. The current study examines whether arts participation is associated with positive change in critical consciousness, and whether these associations differ by youth's social group status. The sample consisted of high school youth (N = 2537; 10% Latinx, 7% Multiracial; 4% Black; 5% Asian; 72% White; 2% Other; 53% Female; Mage = 15.69; age range = 10–20). The results showed that youth with higher arts participation demonstrate higher growth in critical reflection and action, adjusting for baseline critical consciousness, other types of extracurricular participation, and demographic characteristics. The association between arts participation and critical action was significantly stronger for youth of color than for white youth, and the association between arts participation and critical reflection was marginally significantly stronger for white youth than for youth of color. These findings suggest that it is crucial to extend opportunities for arts involvement to all students, and to expand the ways in which arts involvement can promote critical consciousness for youth of varying dimensions of oppression and privilege. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While studies on youth's purpose have flourished in the last two decades, the work was mostly cross-sectional and derived from Western settings. This research examined the developmental trajectories of purpose exploration and commitment of Taiwanese youth during middle adolescence, with a focus on how they associate with youth's psychological functioning in terms of life satisfaction and depressive symptoms and whether social support moderates such development. A total of 369 vocational high school students in Taiwan (45% females; Mage = 15.82 years) participated in a four-wave study spanning two years with a one-semester interval. The results of piecewise growth curve modeling in the context of structural equation modeling suggested that purpose commitment increased over 10th grade, decreased initially in 11th grade, and then continued to increase. Purpose exploration similarly increased over 10th grade, but after the initial 11th grade dip remained stable. In addition to the higher initial levels, the steeper the rate of purpose exploration and commitment ascent and the slighter the rate of reduction predicted enhanced youth life satisfaction. The trajectory of purpose commitment also predicted reduced depressive symptoms, but such effects did not occur for purpose exploration. Moreover, multi-group analyses revealed that the more family, teacher, and peer support youth perceived, the more likely youth explored and committed to purpose over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether playing video games with prosocial content has an influence on empathy among players remains contentious in the research literature. Some evidence suggests playing cooperatively with other gamers enhances empathy, but data have not conclusively linked prosocial content with empathy. Further, mechanisms of this potential relationship are unclear, and little work has been conducted on how cognitive skills, such as fluid reasoning, may mediate this relationship. The current study examines these relationships with a large sample of 3034 youth (27.2% female, Mage = 11.2; range 8–17 at time 1) in Singapore. Data were considered longitudinally across two years in three waves. Ultimately, no evidence emerged that prosocial content in video games had any impact on empathy related outcomes, nor was fluid reasoning a mediator variable for any relationship. However, variables such as social competence and depression and anxiety symptoms were highly related to empathy measures. This evidence adds to the growing debate in the field that video games may not dramatically alter, whether positively or negatively, the development of emotional and behavioral outcomes for youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In today's rapidly changing society, the ability of an individual to effectively design their future becomes highly important. It is the youth when a person acquires the ability to realize the project of their future. Constructing life goals and plans for their implementation by youth is carried out in the process of information exchange, life experience expansion and reflection of their semantic cognitions in social communications. The success depends on the characteristics of their image transformation into concepts, their statements' reflection, and their interpretation of other people's statements. The article aims to reveal the psycholinguistic features of designing the future by adolescents and youth. The method of the free association test, along with the method of assessing five-year intervals, was used for empirical research. 120 undergraduate and graduate students aged 17 to 21 from the National Pedagogical Drahomanov University, Ukraine, participated in the study held in 2021. Its results showed that most respondents created their goals mainly in marital, family, or professional modes. The objectives of spiritual growth and personal self-realization were autonomously constructed only by a few respondents. Participants with explicit nuclear semantic cognitions and corresponding associative fields, including altruistic associations, revealed prolonged, consistent, realistic structures of their life goals. In contrast, respondents with underdeveloped structures of semantic fields mostly created intermittent, time-limited structures of life goals with somewhat formal cognitions of satisfying their needs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article below presents the functioning of students who use the Internet in their family and partnership lives. Particular attention is paid to present developmental characteristics of youth taking into account the categories of family and partnership. The paper presents research on the functioning of adolescents in the selected categories. Own research analysis concerns showing how students use the Internet in both relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artwork created by children can effectively communicate science content, especially for topics that are of universal concern for the public but may cause apprehension, like climate change. This commentary describes artwork from a youth art contest about climate change in which the winning art was displayed on public buses. Young artists learned about climate science while creating images that adults and youth easily engaged with in public spaces. Thus, we suggest that connecting youth with science through art, and then using youth-generated art to engage the general public in science learning can be an effective vehicle for science communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]