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The scorpionfly genus Furcatopanorpa Ma & Hua, 2011 is a monotypic taxon of Panorpidae with a series of unique characters. However, the phylogenetic position of Furcatopanorpa in Panorpidae has not been satisfactorily resolved yet. Based on 48 complete mitochondrial genomes, we analyzed the mitochondrial phylogenomics and phylogeny of representatives of Panorpidae. The phylogenetic analyses indicate that Furcatopanorpa and Neopanorpa form a sister group relationship with high support. The chronogram of Panorpidae shows that Furcatopanorpa and Neopanorpa separated at ca. 82.07 Ma, while the species of Neopanorpa shared the most recent common ancestor at 49.07 Ma. Judged from the topology of the phylogenetic trees, it seems unsuitable to assign Furcatopanorpa into the subfamily Panorpinae, because this assignment may cause Panorpinae to be a paraphyletic group. A putative conclusion might be that Furcatopanorpa may need to be raised to subfamily status.

The scorpionfly genus Sinopanorpa Cai & Hua, 2008 is endemic to the mountain regions of central China, currently consisting of four species: Sinopanorpa tincta (Navás, 1931), S. digitiformis Huang & Hua, 2008, S. nangongshana Cai & Hua, 2008, and S. baokangensis Wang, 2021. Here, the genus is taxonomically reviewed, with descriptions of two new species: Sinopanorpa minshanicola sp. nov. from the Minshan Mountains and Sinopanorpa shennongjiaica sp. nov. from the Shennongjia Mountains, increasing the species number of the genus to six. An updated key to species of Sinopanorpa is provided.

Objective To investigate the effect of high⁃frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on pain and emotion in patients with neuropathic pain (NP) combined with anxiety and/or depression. Methods A total of 39 patients with NP combined with anxiety and/or depression from June 2019 to October 2021 were included and randomly divided into conventional treatment combined with sham stimulation group (control group, n=19) and conventional treatment⁃assisted high⁃frequency rTMS (rTMS group, n=20). The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was used to evaluate the pain state, Hamilton Anxiety Scale⁃14 (HAMA⁃14) was used to evaluate the anxiety state, and Hamilton Depression Scale⁃17 (HAMD⁃17) was used to evaluate depression state before treatment and at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment. Results The NRS score (F=23.573, P=0.000) and HAMD score (F=15.426, P=0.000) before and after treatment were significantly different between the 2 groups. The NRS score and HAMD score in rTMS group were lower than those in control group at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of treatment (P≤0.01, for all). The differences in NRS score (F=317.751, P=0.000), HAMA score (F=81.510, P=0.000) and HAMD score (F=32.773, P=0.000) at different observation times were also statistically significant in the same treatment group. In rTMS group, NRS score and HAMD score at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of treatment were lower than those before treatment and 3 days of treatment (P＜0.01, for all), and HAMA score at 1, 2 and 3 weeks of treatment were lower than those before treatment and 3 days of treatment (P=0.000, for all). HAMA score at 4 weeks of treatment was lower than that before treatment (P=0.007), at 1 week (P=0.014) and 2 weeks (P=0.001) of treatment. In control group, NRS score only at 4 weeks of treatment was lower than that before treatment (P=0.000), HAMA score at 1, 2 and 3 weeks of treatment was lower than those before treatment (P＜0.05, for all), and HAMA score at 1 week of treatment was lower than that at 3 days of treatment (P=0.002). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the degree of pain relief before and after treatment was positively correlated with the ease of anxiety (rs=0.442, P=0.048) and depression (rs=0.705, P=0.001). Conclusions High⁃frequency rTMS is a safe and effective treatment for NP with anxiety and/or depression. It can significantly ease anxiety and depression in patients while relieving pain.

In order to meet the needs of rapid quantitative detection of fumonisin B1 (FB1) in grains, this paper takes fumonisin B1 as the research object, and creates a rapid quantitative detection card of FB1 on the basis of time-resolved fluorescent nanospheres, with no need to adjust the PH of samples before detection. The detection performance of the detection card in grains (rice, corn, wheat) was analyzed and compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and high performance liquid chromatography. The LOD for different samples was in the range of 35.37~37.17 μg/kg, and the LOQ was 117.9~123.9 μg/kg, which meant good sensitivity; the linear range was 250~6 000 μg/kg, while the correlation coefficient R2 was in the range of 0.997 2~0.999 5; the spiking recoveries at 6 spiked levels in different samples were in the range of 83.38%~114.66%, with the coefficient of variation (CV) less than 15%, which meant good accuracy and repeatability. When the national standard liquid chromatography and FB1 fluorescence quantitative rapid detection card simultaneously detects different samples contaminated by FB1, the coincidence of the detection results was in the ranger of 92.53%~106.26%, with the CV less than 10.37%. The cross-reaction rate of other five common mycotoxins was less than 5%. Meanwhile, the difference between the spiked concentration and their average detected concentration was extremely significant, indicating good specificity. Hence, the FB1 fluorescence quantitative detection card prepared in this study could meet the needs of on-site rapid quantitative detection of fumonisin B1 in grains.

IntroductionMultiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is common in patients with sepsistic admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and greatly increases mortality. Pancreatic stone protein/regenerating protein (PSP/Reg) is a type of C-type lectin protein that is overexpressed during sepsis. This study aimed to evaluate the potential involvement of PSP/Reg in MODS development in patients with sepsis.Materials and methodsThe relationship between circulating PSP/Reg levels, patient prognosis, and progression to MODS was analyzed in patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU of a general tertiary hospital. Furthermore, to examine the potential involvement of PSP/Reg in sepsis-induced MODS, a septic mouse model was established per the cecal ligation and puncture procedure, randomized into three groups, and subjected to a caudal vein injection of recombinant PSP/Reg at two different doses and phosphate-buffered saline. Survival analyses and disease severity scoring were performed to evaluate the survival status of the mice; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to detect the levels of inflammatory factors and organ-damage markers in murine peripheral blood; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to measure apoptosis levels in lung, heart, liver, and kidney tissue sections and to visualize the degree of organ damage in the mouse model; myeloperoxidase activity assay, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry were performed to detect neutrophil infiltration levels in vital murine organs and the activation indexes of neutrophils.Results and discussionOur findings indicated that Circulating PSP/Reg levels were correlated with patient prognosis and sequential organ failure assessment scores. Furthermore, PSP/Reg administration increased disease severity scores, shortened survival time, increased the TUNEL-positive staining rate, and increased the levels of inflammatory factors, organ-damage markers, and neutrophil infiltration in the organs. Neutrophils can be activated by PSP/Reg to an inflammatory state, both in vivo and in vitro, which is characterized by the increased levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and CD29.ConclusionPatient prognosis and progression to MODS can be visualized by monitoring PSP/Reg levels upon ICU admission. Additionally, PSP/Reg administration in animal models exacerbates the inflammatory response and severity of multiorgan damage, which may be accomplished by promoting the inflammatory state of neutrophils.

The research in this paper aims to set up a new consumer profile definition method based on fuzzy technology and fuzzy AHP. The result of the study could be applied to garment recommendation systems for a special consumer. Consumer profiles are chosen as research objects. The fuzzy technology and fuzzy AHP are applied in this research, which aims to provide a new method of using fuzzy technology and fuzzy AHP to define consumer profiles. We define tall–short and fat–thin by fuzzy technology and set up the weights of consumer profile by fuzzy AHP methods. The fuzzy technology and fuzzy AHP are applied for building consumer profiles that can be used for a consumer-oriented intelligent garment recommendation system.

Heavy alkyl benzene sulfonates are inexpensive surfactants that are extensively used as oil-displacing agents during tertiary oil recovery. Among these, C16–18 heavy alkyl benzene sulfonates possess an excellent ability to reduce the oil-water interface tension. In this study, hexadecylbenzene sulfonic acid (HBSA) was synthesised in a continuous stirred-tank microreactor using a continuous method with 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) dilution. Post-sulfonation liquid SO3 solution was used as a sulfonating agent for hexadecylbenzene (HDB). The effects of reaction conditions, such as the SO3:HDB molar ratio, sulfonation temperature and sulfonation agent concentration, on the yield and purity of the product were investigated. Optimisation of the reaction process yielded high-quality HBSA samples with a purity exceeding 99 wt%. The continuous sulfonation process significantly enhanced the production and efficiency in the case of a considerably short residence time (10 s) in the reactor, without the need for aging. The results of this study demonstrate significant potential for application in industrial production.

The uneven distribution of species diversity on earth, with mountainous regions housing half of the high species diversity areas, makes mountain ecosystems vital to biodiversity conservation. The Panorpidae are ecological indicators, ideal for studying the impact of climate change on potential insect distribution. This study examines the impact of environmental factors on the distribution of the Panorpidae and analyzes how their distribution has changed over three historical periods, the Last Interglacial (LIG), the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and Current. The MaxEnt model is used to predict the potential distribution area of Panorpidae based on global distribution data. The results show that precipitation and elevation are the primary factors affecting species richness, and the suitable areas for Panorpidae are distributed in southeastern North America, Europe, and southeastern Asia. Throughout the three historical periods, there was an initial increase followed by a decrease in the area of suitable habitats. During the LGM period, there was a maximum range of suitable habitats for cool-adapted insects, such as scorpionflies. Under the scenarios of global warming, the suitable habitats for Panorpidae would shrink, posing a challenge to the conservation of biodiversity. The study provides insights into the potential geographic range of Panorpidae and helps understand the impact of climate change on their distribution.

Persistent tapetal cell1 (PTC1) plays a curial role in pollen development, and is thought to function as a transcriptional activator in rice. However, the molecular mechanism of PTC1 in regulating pollen development and its cis-elements are not well understood. We identified a novel weak male sterility mutant (ms92) which exhibited expanded tapetum and shrink pollen grains. Map-based cloning and allelic analysis suggested that the male sterility of ms92 was caused by a DNA fragment substitution in the promoter of PTC1. The decreased expression of MS92/PTC1 in ms92 and cis-element analysis indicated that the substituted sequence contained several potential binding cis-element of negative feedback. MS92/PTC1 was specifically expressed in tapetum and microspores at the young microspore stage, and its protein was localized in nucleus. We further found that MS92/PTC1 functions as a transcription activator by recognizing H3K4me3. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that a number of genes involved in tapetum degeneration and pollen wall formation were down-regulated in ms92, which are the potential targets of MS92/PTC1. The substitution fragment in MS92/PTC1 promoter was essential for pollen development, and we provided a novel mutant for further identifying the cis-elements in promoter and the molecular network of MS92/PTC1.

The research on hot deformation including flow behavior, microstructure evolution via EBSD method and the constitutive characteristic model of hot extruded GH738 alloy fabricated by spray forming was conducted by using Gleeble-3500TM simulator at the temperature range of 950~1150 ℃, strain rate range of 0.001~1 s–1 and engineering strain of 50%. The results show that the flow stress decreases with increasing of the deformation temperature and decreasing of the strain rate. The peak flow stress of coarse grain GH738 is higher than that of fine grain within the extruded GH738 alloy. The activation energy Q of extruded GH738 alloy is 651.08 kJ·mol–1. The hot deformation activation energy Q of GH738 alloy is tending to increasing with the decreasing of the original average grain size. The microstructure evolutes from original stretched grain to equiaxed grain with the increasing deformation temperature through the onset of recrystallization. The full dynamic recrystallization microstructure is obtained at the temperature above 1000 ℃ and the microstructure tend to coarsen with the higher deformation temperature.

This experimental study examined ways to reduce stigma against children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. We randomly assigned 220 Chinese pre-service teachers to one of the four experimental groups in which they read a vignette describing a student with ADHD symptoms. The contents of the vignettes differed from one another on two dimensions: (a) the causes of the symptoms (biomedical versus social) and (b) the extent to which the student has exerted effort to improve (high effort versus low effort). Participants who received biomedical explanations of ADHD ascribed less blame to the target compared with those who received social explanations. However, the group difference was only significant in the "low-effort" group, but not in the "high-effort" group. Similarly, the "biomedical" group indicated higher levels of entity beliefs than the "social" group, but the group difference was only significant in the "low-effort" group but not in the "high-effort" group. Finally, participants in the "high-effort" condition reported a stronger intention to interact with the target compared with participants in the "low-effort" condition, whereas onset causal attributions did not affect participants' ratings on behavioural intention. These findings may have implications for reducing ADHD stigma and bear relevance to other kinds of social stigma.

Abstract Insects are the most diverse group of organisms in the world, but how this diversity was achieved is still a disputable and unsatisfactorily resolved issue. In this paper, we investigated the correlations of habitat preferences and morphological traits in larval Panorpidae in the phylogenetic context to unravel the driving forces underlying the evolution of morphological traits. The results show that most anatomical features are shared by monophyletic groups and are synapomorphies. However, the phenotypes of body colorations are shared by paraphyletic assemblages, implying that they are adaptive characters. The larvae of Dicerapanorpa and Cerapanorpa are epedaphic and are darkish dorsally as camouflage, and possess well-developed locomotory appendages as adaptations likely to avoid potential predators. On the contrary, the larvae of Neopanorpa are euedaphic and are pale on their trunks, with shallow furrows, reduced antennae, shortened setae, flattened compound eyes on the head capsules, and short dorsal processes on the trunk. All these characters appear to be adaptations for the larvae to inhabit the soil. We suggest that habitat divergence has driven the morphological diversity between the epedaphic and euedaphic larvae, and may be partly responsible for the divergence of major clades within the Panorpidae.

The large-sized (?300 mm) nickel based superalloy GH738 billet was fabricated by spray forming followed by hot isostatic press (HIP) and hot extrusion (HEX) within varied deformation temperatures. The micro-defect, carbonitride distribution, γ/γ′ evolution during the hot processes were investigated by the relevant approaches including XRD, SEM, TEM, EBSD and phase analysis technique respectively. The results show that the porosities in γ matrix of spray deposited billet are welded up to closure after HIP process. The difference of characteristic microstructure after dynamic recrystallization obtained after the hot extrusion is mainly based on the varied deformation conditions including temperature and strain-stress state. The grain-boundary-distributed carbonitrides in HIPed billiet are transformed into extrusion-direction-along distribution after hot extrusion. The effects of temperature field delivered and cooling condition on elements constitution, mass fraction, morphology, size and distribution of γ′ in GH738 are validated during different hot processes as well.

A new species of Panorpidae, Panorpa bashanicola sp. n., is described and illustrated from the Bashan Mountains in central China. The new species is characterized by the following characters: vertex black, with two pale longitudinal stripes and four pale rounded spots; vein 1A ending before the origin of Rs; meso- and metanotum pale, and the pale color extending to tergum III in V-shape; male epandrium emarginate distally in deep U-shape; hypovalves without basal stalk, completely represented by a pair of short hypovalves, extending to distal third of gonocoxite, with five black stout setae in distal portion; paramere simple, S-shaped; a bundle of long hairs between dorsal and ventral valves of aedeagus; dorsal valves of aedeagus much longer than ventral valves and curved ventrally, with distal portion foot-shaped; female medigynium twice as long as wide, with stout axis extending over one-third its length beyond main plate.

Keggin-type molybdophosphoric acid, molybdophosphoric salt and vanadium incorporated molybdophosphoric salt supported on the modified kaolin (MK) were investigated as redox co-catalysts for the oxidative carbonylation of phenol to diphenyl carbonate (DPC) in the absence of solvent. The 20 wt.% of MnAMPV5 (one kind of vanadium incorporated molybdophosphoric salt) loaded on MK showed the highest catalytic activity with the yield of 24.68% and a TON of 306, while the selectivity amounts to nearly 100% in all the carbonylation reactions. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, XPS and H2-TPR. The reusability study showed that the catalysts were stable and active.

Previous studies have shown that folate levels were decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and further lowered in T2D patients with cognitive impairment. However, whether folate deficiency could cause T2D and subsequent cognitive dysfunction is still unknown. The present study aimed to explore the effects of chronic folate deficiency (CFD) on glucose and lipid metabolism and cognitive function in mice. Seven-week-old mice were fed with either a CFD or control diet for 25 weeks. Serum folate was significantly reduced, whereas serum total homocysteine was significantly increased in the CFD group. Moreover, CFD induced obesity after a 6-week diet treatment, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance after a 16-week-diet treatment. In addition, CFD reduced the hepatic p-Akt/Akt ratio in response to acute insulin administration. Moreover, CFD increased serum triglyceride levels, upregulated hepatic Acc1 and Fasn mRNA expression, and downregulated hepatic Cd36 and ApoB mRNA expression. After a 24-week diet treatment, CFD induced anxiety-related activities and impairment of spatial learning and memory performance. This study demonstrates that folate deficiency could induce obesity, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and subsequent cognitive dysfunction.

Ambient energy harvesting has great potential to contribute to sustainable development and address growing environmental challenges. Converting waste energy from energy-intensive processes and systems (e.g. combustion engines and furnaces) is crucial to reducing their environmental impact and achieving net-zero emissions. Compact energy harvesters will also be key to powering the exponentially growing smart devices ecosystem that is part of the Internet of Things, thus enabling futuristic applications that can improve our quality of life (e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare). To achieve these goals, innovative materials are needed to efficiently convert ambient energy into electricity through various physical mechanisms, such as the photovoltaic effect, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and radiofrequency wireless power transfer. By bringing together the perspectives of experts in various types of energy harvesting materials, this Roadmap provides extensive insights into recent advances and present challenges in the field. Additionally, the Roadmap analyses the key performance metrics of these technologies in relation to their ultimate energy conversion limits. Building on these insights, the Roadmap outlines promising directions for future research to fully harness the potential of energy harvesting materials for green energy anytime, anywhere.

The high temperature caused by current-carrying wear could affect the thermal reliability of resin-based contact strip greatly. This study adopted liquid-phase impregnation-carbonization (IC) technique to improve the thermal stability and densification of carbon fiber reinforced contact strip (CFRCS). The influence of this method was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermal gravimetric analysis and energy-dispersive spectrometry; meanwhile, specimen composition and friction and mechanism properties were also analyzed. The results show that heat treatment is helpful in improving the material’s temperature tolerance. When specimens undergo IC treatment four times, resistivity and wear rate would reduce gradually under impregnating conditions of carbonization temperature (800°C), dipping liquid concentration (60%), and dipping temperature (60°C). IC treatment is effective in reducing material porosity and improving the impact resistance performance compared with only carbonized sample. Densification treatment can also improve the samples’ compressive strength and bending strength. The main wear mechanisms of CFRCS-25 and CFRCS-800 against copper with electrical current are similar; these are arc erosion wear and oxidation wear accompanied by adhesive wear. Adhesive wear and oxidative wear is more severe for CFRCS-25 than CFRCS-800.

According to the loading speed requirements of the 50 tons skip loading by quantitative conveyor,to improve the operation reliability of the transmission chain under overload and at the velocity of 1.2m/s,the combination and optimization of sprocket tooth z,chain pitch pand allowable speed v optimization are solved.A method to predict the chain allowable speed is presented,according to the existing small-pitch chain parameters from GB/T 5269-1985,the theoretical formula and the relationship curves between p&vare determined by MATLAB data fitting model,the large pitch chain allowable speed is solved.The calculation shows that p=200 &z=12meet the requirements of the loading speed and nearly consistent with TSUBAKI’s sample.The results provide a theoretical basis for design and ordering of prototype,also can provide a reference for parameter selection of large chain.

For improving the stability and security when the plate quantitative conveyor start-up and the accelerating operation,the calculation problem of driving force of chain drive system is studied.The maximum static tension of the chain drive system on stable operating conditions is calculated by point by point calculation method.The multi-axis electric drive system conversion method is proposed and the acceleration load is calculated by converted the inertial resistance of linear moving parts and rotating parts to drive shaft.The maximum driving force is sum of maximum static tension and the acceleration load.The results show that,the acceleration load account for the driving force about 35%,the drive power and breaking force calculation is necessary to consider the impact of the acceleration load in addition to the maximum static tension.