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ÖZET Amaç: Onkojenik HPV tipleri servikal kanser gelişiminde önemli rol oynarlar. Çalışmamızda HPV subtiplerinin servikal lezyonlardaki önemini ve prevelansını araştırmak istedik. Gereç ve yöntem: Hastanemizde jinekolojik onkoloji polikliniğine başvuran ve HPV testleri ile kolposkopik biyopsi yapılan 296 kadın retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Kolposkopik biyopsi örnekleri histopatolojik inceleme ile HPV örnekleri ise polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) ile değerlendirilerek DNA tiplemesi yapıldı. Bulgular: Hastalarımızdaki HPV tipleri arasında en sık HPV tip 16 tespit edildi. Yüksek riskli HPV tipleri arasında en sık görülen 5 tip sırasıyla 16,31,18,51 ve 52'dir. H-SIL lezyonlarında en sık HPV tipleri 16,35,31 iken L-SIL'de 16,51,31 olarak bulundu. Bölgemizde kolposkopik servikal biyopsi yapılan 296 hastanın 129'unda servikal premalign veya malign lezyon tespit edildi. Bu 129 hastanın 110'unda etiyolojide HPV saptanmış, 19/129'unda HPV saptanmamıştır. Sonuç: Serviks kanserinde etyolojide en önemli risk faktörü olan HPV virüsüdür. HPV ye karşı geliştirilmesi planlanan aşıların içeriğinin en sık görülen ve yüksek risk grubu subtipler olması serviks kanserini önlemede ümit verici olacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: HPV subtipleri, Servikal İntraepitelyal lezyon, Serviks kanseri

Giriş ve Amaç Servikal premalign ve malign lezyonların erken tanı ve tedavisinde ve Pap (Papanicolaou) smear ve HPV tarama testlerinin önemi bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma ile üçüncü basamak tek merkez servikal tarama testi- biyopsi sonuçlarını karşılaştırmalı analiz ederek sunmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler Çalışmaya 3.basamak tek bir merkezde jinekolojik onkoloji polikliniğine başvuran ve kolposkopik biyopsi yapılan 272 hasta dâhil edildi. Olguların Pap smear sonuçları Betesta sistemine göre klasifiye edildi. HPV-DNA tiplendirmesi PCR yöntemi ile yapıldı. Tüm servikal biyopsi örneklerinden elde edilen H&E, p16 ve ki 67 boyalı preperatlar ışık mikroskobunda değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırmalı analiz edildi. Bulgular ve sonuç HPV tarama testi, Ko-test ve Pap smear yöntemlerinin biyopsi ile uyumlarının karşılaştırılmasında HPV tarama testi anlamlı bulunmuştur (p0,05). Servikal smear testi genel topluma uygulanan bir tarama testi olup kuşkulu olgularda HPV testi yaptırmak serviks kanserini tarama açısından daha faydalı bulunmuştur.

This study aims to evaluate the capacity of wideband tympanometry (WBT) in predicting the prognosis of otitis media with effusion (OME).Sixty-one ears with effusion and 30 healthy ears of children were enrolled. The patients were followed up monthly using WBT. After the completion of measurements, the ears were separated into four groups according to the duration of recovery; Group 1: Good prognosis (≤1-month, n=18), Group 2: Worse prognosis (1-month, n=29), Group 3: Surgical (no recovery, n=14), and Group 4: Control (healthy ears, n=30). Tympanometric peak pressure (TPP), resonance frequency (RF), and absorbance levels were compared within and between the groups.The TPP and RF values of the study group were lower than those of the controls (p0.001). The ears with OME had lower absorbance measures than the controls at all frequencies; the differences were significant at 250, 500, and 1,000 Hz (p0.001). However, at 2,000 Hz, the absorbance levels of the ears with OME were similar with those of the control group only in the good prognosis group (p0.05). The receiver-operating characteristic analysis revealed that absorbance measures over 0.237 and 0.311 at 1,000 Hz and 2,000 Hz, respectively, have sensitivities and specificities over 70% for prediction of good prognosis, and the calculated odd ratio for these measures were 6 (p0.05).WBT measurement is promising in predicting the recovery of OME in children.

Background: Solid papillary carcinoma is a rare type of carcinoma that accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers and mostly seen in postmenopausal women. This report presents a rare case of synchronous bilateral solid papillary carcinoma of the breast. Case Report: A 74-year-old female patient had a mass in her right and left breast. Bilateral total mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed. The pathologic diagnosis was synchronous bilateral solid papillary carcinoma. No lymph node metastasis was detected in either of the breasts. Conclusion: To our knowledge, little is known about simultaneous bilateral solid papillary carcinomas. Solid papillary carcinoma should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of bilateral breast masses with neuroendocrine differentiation in elderly patients.

Objective : We conducted this study with the aim of predicting the biological behavior of meningiomas, and determining the benefits of associating histological subtype and grade with the expression of proliferative markers and tumor suppressor proteins.Methods : The study included 29 patients with primary intracranial and intraspinal meningioma diagnosed in the pathology laboratory of Konya City Hospital between January 2014 and December 2020. Clinicopathological characteristics of the patients including parameters such as age and gender were obtained from the hospital records. Histopathological findings were obtained by re-evaluating the preparations stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, which were extracted from the archive, and by evaluating new sections obtained from paraffin blocks of patients stained with Ki67, p53, and p57 immunohistochemical stains.Results : A moderate correlation was found between tumor size and Ki67 proliferation index (PI) (p=0.003, r=0.530). There was no significant difference between grade I and grade II tumors in terms of p53 (p=0.184) and p57 (p=0.487) expressions. There were higher levels of Ki67 PI in grade II tumors. The histological subtypes of the tumor had no significant difference with Ki67 PI (p=0.018), p53 (p=0.662), and p57 (p=0.368) expressions.Conclusion : In order to obtain more definitive results, there is a need for studies, which are conducted with a greater number of patients and in multiple centers, and in which a long prospective follow-up is planned. The combination of histological, surgical, and imaging markers could make a more sensitive tool for predicting recurrence, and this could also be tested in future studies.

Pulmoner epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare and multifocal malignant tumor of vascular origin.

Introduction: Mucociliary clearance (MC) is a critical defense mechanism for the protection of the entire respiratory system. Nasal colonization of some pathogens and chronical nasal infections are important risk factors for peritonitis. Any disturbance in the MC causes stasis of secretions and secondary infections. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in terms of nasal MC. More specifically, the goal is to investigate the possible correlation between the nasal MC and peritonitis. Methods: Forty CAPD patients and 39 healthy volunteers were involved in the study. The nasal MC was evaluated with the saccharin test, in which a 1 mm diameter saccharin particle was carefully placed on the antero-medial surface of inferior nasal concha. The time taken by the subjects from the placement of particle to the perception of the sweet taste was taken as mucociliary clearance time (MCT). The groups were compared in terms of MCT. The patient group was evaluated in terms of a peritonitis history, and the correlations with MC were analyzed. Results: Patient group with CKD consisted of 16 females and 24 males with a mean age of 32.4 years; healthy individuals in the control group consisted of 17 women and 22 men with a mean age of 33.3 years. There was not a significant difference in terms of mean MC time in patients with CKD when compared with the individuals in the control group. The comparison between the mean MCT in the patients who had a history of peritonitis and patients without peritonitis was statistically significant (p

Background and Objectives: Knowing the ototoxic potential of the agents used in medical treatments is important for the protection of hearing. Although we have knowledge regarding some effects of dexmedetomidine, which is an anesthetic-sparing drug, its influence over the hearing system has never been studied and is obscure yet. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine application during sevoflurane anesthesia on otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). Subjects and Methods: This prospective randomized study was performed on 60 patients (34 male, 26 female, mean age: 30.6 +/- 9.2 years) who were scheduled for an elective surgery under general anesthesia and the patients were enrolled and randomly divided into 2 groups. They received dexmedetomidine (Group D) or Saline (Group S) infusion during a standardized Sevoflurane anesthesia. Transient and distortion product OAEs were measured preoperatively and postoperatively (24th hour). OAE results were compared within and between groups. Results: In group D postoperative OAEs were lower than preoperative OAEs and postoperative levels of group S, especially at low frequencies (p

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease characterized by clonal and neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells. It is most commonly seen in children but can be seen at any age. Clinical findings depend on the organ system involved. The diagnosis of LCH is made histopathologically. The treatment is planned according to the organ system of the disease, the prevalence of the lesions and the presence of specific organ dysfunction. We aimed to discuss the clinical, radiological and histapatological findings of a 33-year-old man with femoral involvement at adulthood and discuss the current literature., Langerhans hücreli histiyositoz (LHH), Langerhans hücrelerinin klonal ve neoplastik proliferasyonu ile karakterize nadir bir hastalıktır. En sık çocuklarda tanı almakla beraber, her yaşta görülebilir. Klinik bulgular, tutulan organ sistemine göre değişmektedir. LHH'nin kesin tanısı histopatolojik olarak konulmaktadır. LHH’un tedavisi, hastalığın bulunduğu organ sistemine ve lezyonların yaygınlığına göre planlanmaktadır. Biz burada erişkin yaş başlangıçlı, femur tutulumu olan 33 yaşında erkek hastanın klinik, radyolojik ve histapatolojik bulguları sunularak güncel literatür eşliğinde tartışmayı amaçladık.

Aims: Human asparaginase-like protein 1 (ASRGL1) is closely related to tumor growth. ASRGL1 can significantly promote cell proliferation and suppress apoptosis. To date, high levels of expression of ASRGL1 have been reported in various tumors, but the function of ASRGL1 in carcinogenesis is still not well understood. In this study, we aimed to immunohistochemically investigate the expression of ASRGL1 in non-neoplastic breast tissue and invasive ductal carcinoma. Methods and results: ASRGL1 was evaluated immunohistochemically in 148 invasive ductal carcinomas and 105 nonneoplastic breast tissue samples to assess the impact on breast cancer development and its association with clinicopathologic features. ASRGL1 was observed positive in 63 (42.6%) and negative in 85 (57.4%) invasive ductal carcinoma. In nonneoplastic breast tissue, 24 (22.9%) cases were ASRGL1 positive and 81 (77.1%) were negative. A significant difference was observed between invasive ductal carcinoma and nonneoplastic breast tissue in terms of ASRGL1 expression, and ASRGL1 expression was increased in invasive ductal carcinoma (P = .001). Most estrogen receptor-negative tumors and progesterone receptor-negative tumors were also negative with ASRGL1 and the difference was significant (P = .006 and P = .001, respectively). The correlation between the ASRGL1 expression of the tumors and event-free survival or overall survival was not significant (P>.05). Conclusions: ASRGL1 may play a role in increasing cell proliferation and breast cancer development. ASRGL-1 expression in breast cancer closely correlates with the hormone receptor status of the tumor. In breast cancer, ASRGL-1 expression does not contribute to predicting tumor behavior.

Laryngeal oncocytic cysts and cystadenomas are uncommon and observed in 0.1–1% of laryngeal biopsy specimens. A 66-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with a hoarse voice of 6 months duration. On laryngoscopic examination, a lesion of the left anterior vocal cord was present. It was excised by direct laryngoscopy and histopathologic examination revealed a cystic cavity with papillary projections into the lumen. The epithelial lining comprised bland oncocytic epithelium. These findings are characteristic of laryngeal oncocytic cystadenoma. Endoscopic excision is curative in these lesions. Oncocytic cystadenoma is a rare, cystic neoplasm that occurs in late adulthood. It may be considered in the clinicopathologic differential diagnosis of laryngeal lesions.

BACKGROUND The present study was designed to compare the effectiveness of topical silver sulfadiazine (SSD) and Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) usage in experimental partial-thickness burns in rats. METHODS Twenty-one male Wistar albino rats weighing 250-290 (range: 270+-19) g were used in the present study. A round brass probe that was specifically designed (3×3 cm diameter) was used to induce the burns in rats. After the presence of partial-thickness burns was confirmed, the rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 (ABS group) Ankaferd Blood Stopper® pad, Group 2 (SSD group) silver sulfadiazine (Silverdin®), and Group 3 (Control group) 1% isotonic saline solution-impregnated pad. The healing period was followed up clinically and histopathologically. The day on which 50% and 80% of re-epithelization at first were detected for each rat was also recorded. RESULTS The mean times of 50% and 80% of re-epithelization at first were 10.8 days, 13.8 days, and 16.8 days in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p

Extended Summary Objective To evaluate ectopic adrenal cortical tissue (EACT) and identify clinical, pathological and radiological aspects. Study design Retrospective review of pathology reports in a single tertiary institution between 2010 and 2020 was conducted. Patients diagnosed with EACT were included for analysis. Demographic characteristics, accompanying pathologies and clinicopathological and radiological findings of these patients were analyzed. Results There was a total of 17 patients in the cohort. Fifteen were boys and 2 were adults (1 male). The mean diameter of the EACT nodule was 0.25 cm (range 0.2–0.5 cm). All EACTs were incidentally diagnosed. Seven EACTs were diagnosed during an inguinal hernia repair, 6 during orchidopexy, 1 during partial orchiectomy, 2 during orchiectomy and 1 during hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy due to uterine prolapse. Discussion EACT is a rare entity that is mostly found incidentally during inguinoscrotal interventions. Radiological discrimination of EACT may not be easy and thus, not detected prior to surgery. Clinical significance of EACT is not very well understood, however it tends to be a benign pathology. Although it is more commonly found in children, adults may present with EACT, as well. Conclusion A tiny yellowish nodule detected in the inguinoscrotal region should be suspected for EACT by pediatric urologists, surgeons, and pathologists.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the relationship between FDG uptake and clinicopathological characteristics of invasive breast carcinoma-no special type in the present study.Materials and Methods: One hundred seventy invasive breast carcinoma-no special type cases who underwent PET-CT before surgery between 2011-2019 were included in the study. The clinicopathological features and SUVmax of the patients were compared.Results: We observed a strong relationship between the size, grade, pathological stage groups and SUVmax of the tumors and revealed that the SUVmax increased as the size, grade, and pathological stage groups of the tumors increased (p0.001). Carcinomas with high Ki67 proliferation index and ER and PR negative carcinomas exhibited higher SUVmax (p0.001). Triple negative and HER2-enriched molecular subtypes had distinctly higher SUVmax than Luminal A and Luminal B ones (p0.001). HER2-enriched tumors, the cases that were 40 years old and advanced stage designated higher SUVmax (p0.05). Conclusion: It is observed that invasive breast carcinoma-no special type with good prognostic factors have low SUVmax, while carcinomas with poor prognostic features have high SUVmax. It can be suggested that PET/CT can be use to predict the prognosis of invasive breast carcinoma-no special type.

Background/aim: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of strain elastography (SE) combined with B-mode ultrasound in distinguishing between idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) and malignant breast lesions. Materials and methods: Seventy-seven malignant breast lesions and 36 IGM were assessed using B-mode ultrasound and SE. Ultrasonographic findings for all the breast lesions were classified based on the 2013 American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS-US), and the SE findings were evaluated based on the strain ratio and a five-point scale. The diagnostic performances of B-mode ultrasonography, SE, and the combination of both methods were compared. Results: Significant differences in strain ratio and elastography scores were found between IGM and malignant breast lesions. When the lesions were assessed with B-mode ultrasound alone, in order to distinguish between IGM and malignant breast lesions, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 94.8%, 66.7%, 85.9%, 85.7%, and 85.8%, respectively. However, when assessed with a combination of B-mode ultrasonography and SE, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 96.1%, 100%, 100%, 92.3%, and 97.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The combination of SE and B-mode ultrasound has better diagnostic performance in the differentiation of IGM and malignant breast lesions than B-mode ultrasonography alone.

Thymolipoma is a rare and benign lesion originating from the anterior mediastinum. Thymolipoma is mostly diagnosed incidentally. However, cough, dyspnea and chest pain can be seen. A 35-year-old male patient presented to our hospital with the complaint of shortness of breath lasting for one month. The physical examination revealed a massive pleural effusion on the right. In computed tomography (CT) imaging of the thorax, a soft tissue density of 7.5x5x5 cm in size, containing calcifications were observed in the anterior mediastinum. A right thoracotomy was performed for the treatment and to make a definite diagnosis. The histopathological examination resulted in the diagnosis of a thymolipoma. We presented our case with its differential diagnosis because of its rarity.

PubMed: 25854405, Background: Cytological examination of pleural effusions is very important in the diagnosis of malignant lesions. Thoracentesis is the first investigation to be performed in a patient with pleural effusion. In this study, we aimed to compare traditional with cell block methods for diagnosis of lung disease accompanied by pleural effusion. Materials and Methods: A total of 194 patients with exudative pleural effusions were included. Ten mililiters of fresh pleural fluid were obtained by thoracentesis from all patients in the initial evaluation. The samples gathered were divided to two equal parts, one for conventional cytological analysis and the other for analysis with the cell block technique. In cytology, using conventional diagnostic criteria cases were divided into 3 categories, benign, malignant and undetermined. The cell block sections were evaluated for the presence of single tumor cells, papillary or acinar patterns and staining with mucicarmine. In the cell block examination, in cases with sufficient cell counts histopathological diagnosis was performed. Results: Of the total undergoing conventional cytological analyses, 154 (79.4%)were reported as benign, 33 (17%) as malignant and 7 (3.6%) as suspicious of malignancy. With the cell block method the results were 147 (75.8%) benign, 12 (6.2%) metastatic, 4 (2.1%) squamous cell carcinoma, 18 (9.3%) adenocarcinoma, 5 (2.6%) large cell carcinoma, 2 (1%) mesothelioma, 3 (1.5%) small cell carcinoma, and 3 (1.5%) lymphoma. Conclusions: Our study confirmed that the cell block method increases the diagnostic yield with exudative pleural effusions accompanying lung cancer.

Background Red cell distribution width (RDW) is one of the standard parameters with blood cell counts. Much previous research has indicated that it increases in cases of systemic inflammation or cardiametabolic incident. However, information on the relation of RDW with solid tumors causing systemic inflammation is limited. In the present research, we examined the relation of RDW with malignant and benign lesions of the colon. Materials and methods 115 patients with colon polyps (group 1), and 30 with colon cancer (group 2) who were diagnosed histopathologically in our clinic between January 2010-January 2013 were scanned retrospectively. Patients with anemia, hematologic diseases and active inflammation were excluded. RDW, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (Hgb) and platelet (Plt) measurements were recorded and their relations with the malignant and benign lesions of the colon were examined. Results Both groups were similar in age and gender distribution. RDW values of patients with colon cancer were significantly higher than the patients with colon polyp (p=0,01). No significant differences were detected between the two groups in terms of MCV and Plt values (p>0,05). Conclusions RDW can be used as an early warning biomarker for solid colon tumors. Further prospective research is required on the relations of cheap and easily measured RDW parameters with colon malignancies.

Thornwaldt cyst develops if the opening of the bursa to the nasopharynx is obstructed due to infections, adenoidectomy, or ra- diotherapy. In this manuscript, a 53-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital with the complaint of nasal obstruction was discussed. In his nasopharyngoscopic examination, a smooth-surfaced, frustrating coana was found. Computerized tomography revealed a cystic lesion. This lesion was not destroying the bones, and it was marsupialized under general anesthesia with the diagnosis of Thornwaldt cyst. Lesions in the nasopharynx can be overlooked in patients who are admitted with the complaint of nasal obstruc- tion, since nasal pathologies are concentrated on. In patients presenting with this complaint, the nasopharynx should be evaluated before suggesting medical treatment. Endoscopy, which is an easy, inexpensive, and comfort- able method, should be performed, and Thornwaldt cyst, among nasopharyngeal pathologies, should also be con- sidered. In this case report, a patient diagnosed with Thornwaldt cyst was evaluated in the article with the literature. CASE REPORT A 53-year-old male patient, who had been treated for a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis due to increasing nasal obstruc- tion for 3 months, applied to the outpatient clinic, because his complaints still continued. In his medical history, it was found that he had been being followed up and treated for a diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse for 24 years, and he had been using coumadin for 9 years. Moreover, the patient did not report previous nasopharyngeal surgery, nasotracheal intubation, and radiotherapy applied on the nasopharynx. The posterior rhinoscopy examination revealed the presence of a round, smooth-surfaced, semisolid mass hav- ing mucosal defects and serous secretion on it (Figure 1). Other otorhinolaryngological examination results were normal. In axial and coronal CT images of the patient, a 2.4x3.4-cm-sized, well-circumscribed cystic mass that was covering the nasopharynx was found. Intracranial extension of the mass and findings of destruction in the sphenoid bone were not observed (Figure 2). The patient was pre-diagnosed with Thornwaldt cyst and prepared for surgical intervention. The nasopharynx was reached through the nose with a 0 o

Background Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common reason for abdominal surgery in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of medical treatment on histological findings in rabbits with AA. Methods Twenty-one male New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups: appendix ligation and medical treatment, appendix ligation and no treatment, and control group, which underwent only laparotomy. Results In appendix ligation without treatment group, AA findings were much more severe. Conclusion Medical treatment reduced inflammation of AA.

WOS:000346638300057 PubMed: 25435981 Primary tumors of the paratesticular region are rare, with paratesticular sarcomas constituting a major proportion of these tumors, particularly in the elderly. The paratesticular region consists of mesothelial, various epithelial and mesenchymal cells and may therefore give rise to a number of tumors with various behaviors. Defining the association between the paratesticular mass and the testicle, and differentiation between benign and malignant masses using radiology is challenging, therefore the mass is usually considered to be malignant and radical orchiectomy with high ligation is performed. The present study reports the cases of seven patients with tumors of the paratesticular region and presents the clinical and significant histological features of the tumors. In total, two patients suffered from dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS), two exhibited leiomyosarcoma, two exhibited low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and one case of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma was identified. Radical orchiectomy with high ligation was performed in five cases; simple orchiectomy was performed in one case and excisional biopsy was performed in the remaining case. A leiomyosarcomatous and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) positive whorl pattern was observed during microscopy in the two DDLS cases. Additionally, one of the low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma patients exhibited pleomorphism and mitosis in focal areas. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the second time low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma cases with paratesticular localization have been reported in the literature. Of the seven cases, four patients succumbed to the disease, one patient is living with the disorder and the two cases of DDLS are living without the disease. Paratesticular sarcomas are often aggressive and a multidisciplinary approach is required for the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors.

BACKGROUND: The present retrospective study was designed to review the clinicopathological features and outcome of surgical treatment of pulmonary hamartoma who underwent surgical operation between January 2008 and January 2018. METHODS: The information about the age and gender of patients, symptoms, history of tobacco consumption, the presence of malignancies, radiological and imaging findings, calcification in the hamartoma, location and size of the lesions, findings of preoperative diagnostic investigations, operative procedures, operative time, tube drainage duration, surgical complication, hospital stay after tumor resection, duration of follow-up, and outcome were recorded. RESULTS: The average size of the neoplasms was 2.72 cm. Five patients (20.8%) had malignancies, which occurred previously in two patients, and concomitantly in three patients. Twenty-four patients underwent surgical treatment which included enucleation in 14 (four cases had thoracoscopic surgery), wedge resection in 8 (six cases had thoracoscopic surgery), and lobectomy in 2 patients. A total of four postoperative complications were noted. The patients were followed up for 2–98 months. CONCLUSION: Enucleation was the main choice in our series. The follow-up for a long period revealed no malignant transformation and recurrence. Due to lack of the malignance after operation in our series, we presumed that the enucleation for pulmonary hamartoma was safe enough.

Lung cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, and thusmonitoring, treatment and course of the disease has become a major area of research following diagnosis of the disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of HIF pathway in development of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients diagnosed with NSCLC using their tumor and non-tumor tissue specimens. Both tumor and non-tumor tissue specimens were collected from 10 patients with NSCLC.They were placed in Trizol, and stored at - 80 C ° until processing. RNA was isolated from these tissue specimens using the Trizol/chloroform method. Then, the RNA was converted to cDNA by RT PCR. Amplified cDNA was used for gene expression via specific probes and primers. The mean age of patients (9 male, 1 female)was 62.5 years. The HIF (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor)-1 gene expression was 3 times higher in tumor tissuesthan in non-humor tissues. In relation to this pathway, there was an increased gene expression of 3.72forVEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), 3.11forMYC (Avian Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog), 2.28 forTGFA (Transforming Growth Factor) and 2.28 for VEGFR-1 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1). The increased HIF expression in the present study results in increased hypoxia in the microenvironment of tumor tissue, while induction of HIF by hypoxia results in expression of genes regulated by HIF (VGF, VEGFR-1,MYC, TGFA). Our results indicate that hypoxia and hypoxia-induced pathways play a role in development and metastasis of tumor in patients with NSCLC. Keywords: Non-small-cell lung cancer, gene expression, HIF pathway.

BACKGROUND We aimed to compare the effects of topical zinc oxide and topical silver sulfadiazine in the treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds. METHODS The study was conducted with 20 New Zealand rabbits, and burn wounds were created by a brass probe. The animals were randomly divided into two groups. The burns were treated with zinc oxide (Group O) or silver sulfadiazine (Group S) with daily application. The wound healing process was followed both clinically and histopathologically. We determined the days at which 50% and 80% re-epithelization was observed. RESULTS The mean time for 50% and 80% re-epithelization was 21.4 and 25.4 days in Group O and 25.8 and 30.2 days in Group S, respectively (p

Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) occur often as asymptomatic nodules in corticotropin-dependent lesions aberrant adrenal tissue in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients. The present manuscript is about an unusual case of a 16-year-old CAH patient due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency. He underwent testicle biopsy because of testicle tumor suspicion and diagnosed with TART.

PubMed: 25742234 Objective: The study was designed to determine the relationship between survival time of standardized uptake value (SUVmax and SUVmean) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and examine the impact of demographic, clinical, and radiological data of these patients on survival. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the records of 79 patients with NSCLC who presented to our hospital between May 2010 and March 2013, received a final diagnosis, and underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging. Clinical, radiological, and 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters with an impact on prognosis such as the SUVmax of the primary tumor as calculated by the volumetric region of interest in the 18F-FDG PET/CT scans during initial diagnosis, mean SUV of the tumor, and MTV obtained with a threshold of SUVmax greater than 2.5 were recorded and statistically analyzed. A statistical analysis was carried out based on the clinical, radiological, and PET/CT findings of the patients who were divided into 2 groups: survivors and nonsurvivors. Results: Seventy patients (88.6%) were men, and 9 (11.4%) were women. The mean age was 63.65 ± 11.51 years in the nonsurvivor group (n = 40) versus 62.74 ± 10.60 years in the survivor group (n = 39) (Table 1). The mean survival time from diagnosis was 7.9 ± 6.52 months in the nonsurvivor group versus 14.09 ± 7.41 months in the survivor group. The mean survival time was 12.9 ± 7.9 months for those aged 60 or younger, whereas it was 9.9 ± 7.2 years for those aged 60 or older. According to the Cox regression analysis, higher MTV [relative risk (RR), 1.006; P = 0.03] and mean SUVmax (mSUV) (RR, 1.302; P = 0.03) had a significant impact on shortening of the mean survival time. However, no statistical significance was reached for SUVmax measurements (RR, 0.970; P = 0.39). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between increased tumor size (

Background Experimental research into the viability and functionality of splenic tissue placed in the liver and the omentum. Methods There were 4 groups in this study. First group: sham laparotomy, 2nd group: splenectomy, 3rd group: splenectomy and splenic autotransplantation into the greater omentum and 4th group: splenectomy and splenic autotransplantation into the liver. Blood levels of haemoglobin, leukocytes, thrombocytes, immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and complement protein 3 (C3) were studied 1 day before and 6 weeks after the procedure. At the end of 6 weeks, scintigraphy was performed. Splenic tissue in the liver and the omentum were subjected to macroscopic and histopathologically. Results Pre- and postoperatively, no significant differences were found in terms of haematological and immunological measurements of groups I, III and IV. An increase in the numbers of thrombocytes and leukocytes and a decrease in the levels of IgG, IgM and C3 were observed in the postoperatively in group II.When the postoperative hematological and immunological values of the second group are compared to those of groups III and IV, the difference was significant in terms of levels of thrombocyte, leukocyte and IgM; insignificant in terms of levels of IgG and C3. In the microscopic and scintigraphic analyses the spleen tissue was found to be viable in all of the six rabbits in groups III and IV. Conclusions The liver is a suitable organ for splenic autotransplantation (Tab. 6, Fig. 2, Ref. 17).

Tekin Oğuz, Ünlü Yaşar. Küstüllü hoard of Byzantine solidi. In: Anatolia Antiqua, Tome 6, 1998. pp. 279-285.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical features, management and complications of subperiosteal orbital abscesses (SPOA)-a serious complication of rhinosinusitis. Retrospective data of 36 patients with SPOA secondary to acute rhinosinusitis from January 1998 to December 2011 were evaluated. Patients were analyzed in terms of age, gender, clinical features, CT findings, surgical procedures, microbiology, and complications. Twenty-three males and 13 females aged from 3 to 76 were evaluated. Nine patients-seven of which were under the age of 10-with small medial SPOA were treated only with medical management. Of the 13 with medial SPOA, transnasal endoscopic approach was performed for 10 and external approach for 3 to drain the abscess. As for the 12 patients with superior SPOA, 8 were treated via combined approach and 4 via external approach. The most common microorganisms were streptococci in children and anaerobes in adults. Total loss of vision developed in two adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). One patient with superior SPOA died due to frontal lobe abscess. Young children with small medial SPOA without significant ocular signs may successfully be managed medically. Surgical drainage is indicated for nonmedial abscesses, large medial abscesses with severe visual loss and with insufficient response to medical management. The risk of blindness from SPOA is higher in patients with DM.

Contamination levels and variation of {sup 137}Cs in tea plant leaves from 1986-1992 were determined over the coast line of the Eastern Black Sea region in Turkey. The decrease of {sup 137}Cs radionuclide concentration in tea plant leaves may be described by a double exponential function with 94.8% activity lost with a T{sub eff} of 125 d and 5.2% activity lost with a T{sub eff} of 1,114 d. 19 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.