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Simple crop rotations like maize and soyabean grown in succession often coincide with simple weed management tactics, resulting in weed infestations that are highly adapted to the conditions maintained for the selected crops. Amaranthus tuberculatus is a prominent weed species which possesses biological characteristics that allow it to persist in maize–soyabean rotations. Spring wheat and oats emerge earlier than A. tuberculatus and are grown in narrower rows than maize and soyabean, which may increase their competitive capability. A field study which measured morphological and phenological characteristics of three A. tuberculatus cohorts that emerged under fallow, maize, soyabean, spring wheat and oats was conducted to compare their competitive ability. Early emerged A. tuberculatus grew similarly in fallow, maize and soyabeans and grew to heights of >150 cm but was significantly reduced in spring wheat and oats, never exceeding 40 cm. Heights of the last emerged cohorts were more influenced by crop canopies never reaching 15 cm in spring wheat and oats compared to >70 cm in fallow. Early emerged A. tuberculatus canopy diameter and branches plant−1 were reduced by >80% in spring wheat and oats compared to fallow. Flowering was delayed in spring wheat and oats compared to fallow and seed production and biomass were reduced by 99% across cohorts. Growth suppression of A. tuberculatus, based on the findings, can be achieved under dense, competitive crop canopies such as in spring wheat and oats and these crops should be considered as additional crops in maize–soyabean rotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fiber optic study was made to investigate the temporal course and width of the glottis during the production of four types of Maithili stops in initial, medial and final positions. The results show that the voiced-voiceless distinction correlates with the adduction-abduction gesture of the larynx. The study also suggests that glottal width is the key factor for aspiration and that sounds which are produced by a combination of vibrating vocal cords and aspiration should, in fact, be called 'voiced aspirated' consonants.

Introduction The present paper forms part of an on-going research leading to eventual publication of a critical edition of an early 18th century manuscript of a Maithili play Parsuramopakhyana written [...]

Introduction The converb (also termed 'absolutive', 'purvakalika kriya', and 'conjunctive participle') is one of the characteristic devices to linking sequences of clauses to the host clause in Maithili. The converb [...]

i ke bataha kavi bhanga pibi svagata this who crazy poet hemp drink -CP welcome basanta achi gabi rahala? Kancinatha Jha `Kirana' spring AUX sing IMPERF ASP `Who is this [...]

Background Maithili, a descendant of the Magadhi Apabhramsa, is an eastern Indo-Aryan language. According to an estimate (Davis 1973:316), it is spoken by approximately 21 million people in the eastern [...]