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An analytical drain current model for double gate junctionless accumulation mode negative capacitance field effect transistor (DG‐JAM‐NC‐FET) has been developed, combining the merits of junctionless accumulation mode and negative capacitance effect such as fabrication feasibility, low power dissipation, and reduced degradation in mobility. The novelty manifested in our work is because of the incorporation of the JAM structure in ferroelectric‐based negative capacitance FET. The benefit of JAM over existing FETs is that it combines the benefits of the junctionless transistor (JLT) and conventional FETs. It avoids excessive parasitic resistance due to stronger doping in the source and drain areas, resulting in higher conductivity and better characteristics than JLT. An analytical surface potential and threshold voltage have been developed using Poisson's equation and Landau Khalatnikov's (L‐K) equation. The drain current is then determined by integrating the mobile charge using the Pao–Sah integral. Various critical parameters such as surface potential, gain, capacitance, mobile charge density, drain current, threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, transconductance, and the switching ratio have been assessed extensively by varying ferroelectric layer and channel layer thicknesses, respectively. The ON current increases with the increase in ferroelectric thickness due to the voltage amplification given by the ferroelectric layer, and the switching curve gets steeper. The analytical modeling is done in MATLAB, and its comparison is made with the TCAD numerical simulation. The obtained analytical results and the numerical simulation results correspond well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathogenic bacteria represent a severe threat to global public health, particularly with the growing rate of antibiotic resistance, and, therefore, indicate a critical need for developing efficient sensing platforms. Liposome-based sensors are collocating interest due to their intrinsic fusogenic ability to fuse with the outer membrane of bacteria. However, the lack of a conducting property limits their applicability for developing biosensing platforms. In this study, we report conjugation of liposomes with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for fabricating a rapid and sensitive biosensor for electrochemical detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The large surface area of rGO facilitated binding of liposomes with their surface, and the intrinsic electrical and biocompatible properties assisted electrochemical sensing of bacteria. The electrochemical response of the liposome and the rGO-liposome coated electrode shows nonconducting and conducting characteristics, respectively. A significant change in the peak current of differential pulse voltammetry with the gradual variation of bacterial density in the electrolyte was observed for the glassy carbon electrode rGO-liposome (GCE-L-rGO) surface only. The detection sensitivity of GCE-L-rGO sensors was ∼26 μA/106 cells per ml of electrolyte for varying cell densities from 3 × 103 to 3 × 104 cells/ml. The proposed sensing technique can serve as an alternative to conventional methodologies for rapid and in situ detection of bacterial load in different samples, laying the foundation for new applications in clinical diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reported work allows an accessible construction of 4-substituted 2-amino-4 H-chromenes starting from ethylacetoacetate ( 1), hydrazine hydrate ( 2), salicylaldehyde ( 3) and malononitrile ( 4) in the presence of visible light. The salient features of the proposed route is being a solvent-free and catalyst-free, one-pot, multi-component reaction with high to excellent yield. Visible light mediation makes the reaction mechanistically interesting and adds to the green credentials of the reaction. Graphical Abstract: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]