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Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use its insulin. According to the World Health Organization report, India today heads the world with over 32 million diabetic patients, and this number is projected to increase to 79.4 million by the year 2030. Recent surveys indicate that diabetes now affects a staggering 16% of the urban population and 5-8% of the rural population in India. Objectives: To study the diabetic profile & to assess knowledge about Diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients of Rural field practice areas. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Rural health Training Centre, Ukkali, under the department of Community Medicine, among the diabetic patients attending the Diabetic clinic for a period of six months. A Pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic profile of patients, profile of diabetes & knowledge about diabetes mellitus. Results: A total of 110 diabetic patients with a mean age of 66yrs ± 6 (M 52%, F 48%) showed irregularity in treatment due to the cost of treatment & frequent changing of treatment providers (40%). The majority of patients think that eating excess sugar causes diabetes (72%), it runs in the family (48%) & around 60% are not having any idea about hypoglycemia. Overall knowledge found was poor. Conclusion: There is a need to increase awareness about chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus among people by strengthening the IEC activities in PHCs, RHTCs & Private hospitals because this will reduce the suffering of people not only physically but also economically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Safe drinking water, sanitation and healthy hygienic practices are essential for an individual to carry a healthy life and absence of these is directly or indirectly responsible for most communicable and non-communicable diseases. Objective: To assess the current status of knowledge& the level of practice regarding WaSH among urban slum dwellers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban slums of field practice area of Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Vijayapur. Using systematic random sampling method, the sample size of 384 households was selected. Data was collected through house-to-house survey using predesigned questionnaire by interviewing one adult respondent from each selected householdabout knowledgeand practices regarding water, sanitation and hygiene. Results: The average age of the adult respondent of the house was 40.65 ± 17.54 years among which majority were females (63.80%). Only 28.39% of households had knowledge regarding water borne diseases& around 72.4% of households were aware of Swacha Bharat Abhiyan. Conclusion: Even though Swacha Bharat Abhiyan was initiated in 2014 there is a clear gap between their knowledge and their actual practice. Therefore, better measures have to be taken to spread awareness among the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a study conducted by the authors on the knowledge, attitude and practices of Shri BM Patil Medical College and Hospital employees in Bijapur, India on biomedical waste (BMW) management. About 97.4% of teaching staff gave more correct answers to questions on BMW management versus 80% of non-teaching staff. There was also significant difference between the two groups on BMW management attitude and practices. Because it has its own incineration plant, all employees are required to properly dispose and segregate BMW.

Objective: To assess whether secondary prevention, which preemptively treats women with above-average postpartum bleeding, is non-inferior to universal prophylaxis., Design: A cluster-randomised non-inferiority community trial., Setting: Health sub-centres and home deliveries in the Bijapur district of Karnataka, India., Population: Women with low-risk pregnancies who were eligible for delivery with an Auxiliary Nurse Midwife at home or sub-centre and who consented to be part of the study., Methods: Auxiliary Nurse Midwifes were randomised to secondary prevention using 800 mcg sublingual misoprostol administered to women with postpartum blood loss ≥350 ml or to universal prophylaxis using 600 mcg oral misoprostol administered to all women during the third stage of labour., Main Outcome Measures: Postpartum haemoglobin ≤7.8 g/dl, mean postpartum blood loss and postpartum haemoglobin, postpartum haemorrhage rate, transfer to higher-level facilities, acceptability and feasibility of the intervention., Results: Misoprostol was administered to 99.7% of women as primary prevention. In secondary prevention, 92 (4.7%) women had postpartum bleeding ≥350 ml, of which 90 (97.8%) received misoprostol. The proportion of women with postpartum haemoglobin ≤7.8 g/dl was 5.9 and 8.8% in secondary and primary prevention clusters, respectively [difference -2.9%, one-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) <1.3%]. Postpartum transfer and haemorrhage rates were low (<1%) in both groups. Shivering was more common in primary prevention clusters (P = 0.013)., Conclusion: Secondary prevention of postpartum haemorrhage with misoprostol is non-inferior to universal prophylaxis based on the primary outcome of postpartum haemoglobin. Secondary prevention could be a good alternative to universal prophylaxis as it medicates fewer women and is an acceptable and feasible strategy at the community level., Tweetable Abstract: Secondary prevention of postpartum haemorrhage with misoprostol is non-inferior to universal prophylaxis., (© 2015 The Authors. BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.)

The objectives of the study were to assess the morbidity and the time taken for the subsidence of symptoms among snakebite victims and study the Interval between snakebite and initiation of treatment It was a hospital based cross-sectional study. Patients were studied at the time of admission and were followed-up until recovery or death. A total of 84 patients were studied between April 2006 and March 2007. The ratio of males to females was 1.5:1.Maximum number of victims were farmers/ labourers. Among the snakebite victims 82.14% were from the nearby rural and semi rural areas and 32.14% of the bites were found to be poisonous. Maximum number of bites (70.23%) occurred in the lower extremities. About 83.31% attended hospital for treatment within the first 5 hours of bite. Most of the patients who received their Initial treatment within first 3-4 hours in hospital were cured faster. Severity of signs and symptoms of envenomation was found to be directly related to the amount of venom injected. Therefore antisnake venom should be given as early as possible, the maximum effect being if given within the first 4 hours.