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An archer requires a well-balanced and highly reproducible release of the bowstring to attain high scores in competition. Recurve archers use a mechanical device called the “clicker” to check the draw length. The fall of the clicker that generates an auditory stimulus should evoke a response in the brain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the event-related potentials during archery shooting as a response to the fall of the clicker. Fifteen high-level archers participated. An electro cap was placed on the archers’ scalps, and continuous EEG activity was recorded (digitized at 1000 Hz) and stored for off-line analysis. The EEG data were epoched beginning 200 ms before and lasting 800 ms after stimulus marker signals. An operational definition has been developed for classifying hits corresponding to hit and/or miss areas. The hit area enlarged gradually starting from the centre of the target (yellow: 10) to blue (6 score) by creating ten hit area indexes. It is found that the snap of the clicker during archery shooting evokes N1–P2 components of long-latency evoked brain potentials. N1 amplitudes are significantly higher in hit area than that of miss areas for the 2nd and 4th indexes with 95% confidence intervals and 90% confidence intervals for the 1st and 3rd indexes with 90% confidence intervals. We conclude that the fall of the clicker in archery shooting elicits an N1 response with higher amplitude. Although evoked potential amplitudes were higher in successful shots, their latencies were not significantly different from the unsuccessful ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To detect central auditory processing disorder (CAPD), a test battery is needed that probes the integrity of the central auditory nervous system and describes its response parameters. The audiologist needs to select a well-designed test battery that examines a variety of auditory performance areas. Computer-controlled adaptive tests are recommended because they maximise test efficiency and minimise floor and ceiling effects as well as minimising memory load. In order to increase test efficiency and minimise difficulties and training, we adapted computerised versions of the Frequency Pattern test and the Duration Pattern test. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted at Hacettepe University, Turkey, in the Faculty of Medicine's Otorhi¬nolarnygology Department, Audiology and Speech Pathology Unit. In total, 80 children (43 girls, 37 boys) aged between 7 years 0 months and 11 years 11 months were recruited. Each participant completed an informed consent form and a biographical survey prior to the tests. All tests were administered according to instructions at a comfortable listening level on a calibrated laptop computer which delivered a 'Frequency Pattern' test and a 'Duration Pattern' test. Results: Normative test results are presented. Scores obtained by both tests were evaluated as percent scores for clinical study. Conclusions: We adapted the computerised versions of the Frequency Pattern and Duration Pattern tests. Norm percent scores were obtained. We are continuing development of a computerised test battery that will include 'gaps in noise' and 'dichotic digits' tests using touch-screen protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: The aim of the present study was to record and analyse acoustic change complex (ACC) response with Global Field Power (GFP) in cochlear implant users. Materials and Methods: Event- related potentials were recorded from 12 CI users. Study participants were tested in sound-treated electrically shielded test booth in the Auditory Electrophysiology Laboratory at the Hacettepe University. For acoustic change complex recording /ui/ stimulus was used. The magnitude of the acoustic change complex was expressed as the ratio of GFP amplitude of ACC response to GFP amplitude of onset response and GFP measures. Results: Recordings from each participant's 20 electrodes were plotted as butterfly plots and GFPs were computed. The GFP waveform of each subject was analyzed in terms of the peaks corresponding to suspected latency ranges of onset, ACC and off-set responses. Moreover ratio of GFP amplitude of ACC response to GFP amplitude of onset response was computed for each subject. Discussions: In this study a new tool for adding objectivity to ACC response identification was applied, which was GFP measures. In addition, ratio of GFP peak amplitude corresponding to suspected ACC and onset response was computed, in order to find a cut-off score that differentiates a clear ACC response from a questionable one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]