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Background: Surgical resection and chemotherapy are the primary treatment options for cervical cancer; however, efficacy of chemotherapy drugs is limited by drug resistance. There is an urgent need to find new compounds. Gambogic acid lysinate (GAL), a new compound made from gambogic acid and lysine, has good anti-tumor activity, however, the effect of GAL on cervical cancer remains undetermined. Objective: The present study sought to explore the anti-tumor activity of GAL in SiHa cells. Methods: Cell viability was detected by means of an MTT assay, a cell growth curve was drawn with Microsoft Excel 2010, the cell cycle and cell apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry, and Western blotting was employed to explore the mechanism of GAL. Additionally, the in vivo anti-tumor activity of GAL was studied through a xenograft tumor model in nude mice. Results: GAL inhibited the proliferation of both SiHa cells (IC50 was 0.83 μmol/l and 0.77 μmol/l respectively for 48 h and 72 h) and HeLa cells (IC50 did not reach). In SiHa cells, GAL (1 and 2 μmol/l) inhibited cell proliferation and 2 μmol/l GAL could also induce cell apoptosis and decrease the number of S phase. Both 1 and 2 μmol/l GAL inhibited SiHa cells invasion and increased the number of G0/G1 phase. The results of Western blot assay demonstrated that P53 and P21 were involved in SiHa cells S phase arrest and BCL-2 and BAX were involved in SiHa cells apoptosis. In vivo study showed that the growth of SiHa cell xenograft tumors was inhibited via cell apoptosis induced by GAL (2.5 mg/kg body weight), however, GAL (2.5 mg/kg body weight) had no significant effect on weight gain of mice. Conclusion: GAL induced SiHa cells apoptosis by BCL-2 and BAX pathway and SiHa cells S phase arrest by P53 and P21 pathway in vitro and inhibited the growth of SiHa cell xenograft tumors.

WS-SLIPS features spontaneous and controllable droplet transport capability to initiate, brake, lock, and resume the directional motion of various liquid droplets under the control of preset DC voltage (∼12 V).

This communication documents the first case of a solvation regulation strategy for improving the AORFB cycling lifetime by exploiting the ion pairing and hydration effect of supporting electrolytes.

This review surveyed different mechanisms for the separation of oil/water mixtures and the corresponding materials. Special attention has been given to the separation types based on different oil/water mixtures, surface wettability and structures.

Spatiotemporally controllable droplet manipulation is essential in diverse applications, ranging from thermal management to microfluidics and water harvesting. Despite considerable advances, droplet manipulation without surface or droplet pretreatment is still challenging in terms of response and functional adaptability. Here, a droplet ultrasonic tweezer (DUT) based on phased array is proposed for versatile droplet manipulation. The DUT can generate a twin trap ultrasonic field at the focal point for trapping and maneuvering the droplet by changing the position of the focal point, which enables a highly flexible and precise programmable control. By leveraging the acoustic radiation force resulting from the twin trap, the droplet can pass through a confined slit 2.5 times smaller than its own size, cross a slope with an inclination up to 80°, and even reciprocate in the vertical direction. These findings provide a satisfactory paradigm for robust contactless droplet manipulation in various practical settings including droplet ballistic ejection, droplet dispensing, and surface cleaning.

Bipyridinium derivatives represent the most extensively explored anolyte materials for pH-neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries, and most derivatives feature two separate electron-transfer steps that cause a sharp decrease in cell voltage during discharge. Here, we propose a strategy to fulfill the concurrent two-electron electrochemical reaction by designing extended bipyridinium derivatives (exBPs) with a reduced energy difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of exBPs and the β-highest occupied molecular orbital of the singly reduced form. To demonstrate, a series of exBPs are synthesized and exhibit a single peak at redox potentials of -0.75 to -0.91 V (vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)), as opposed to the two peaks of most bipyridinium derivatives. Cyclic voltammetry along with diffusion-ordered spectroscopy and rotating disk electrode experiments confirm that this peak corresponds to a concurrent two-electron transfer. When examined in full-flowing cells, all exBPs demonstrate one charge/discharge plateau and two-electron storage. Continuous galvanostatic cell cycling reveals the side reactions leading to capacity fading, and we disclose the underlying mechanism by identifying the degradation products. By prohibiting the dimerization/β-elimination side reactions, we acquire a 0.5 M (1 M e

Crush syndrome (CS), also known as traumatic rhabdomyolysis, is the leading cause of death following extrication from structural collapse due to earthquakes. Due to the unfeasibility of human studies, animal models are used to study crush syndrome pathophysiology, including biochemistry and treatment regimes. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify the differences and benefits of various animal models used in the study of CS and provide valuable information for design of future research. A systematic search was conducted in two methods: with the filters "(crush syndrome) AND (crush muscle injury)" and with the keywords "(crush syndrome) AND (animal model)" covering all articles in the PubMed databases. The search generated 378 articles. After screening abstracts, 91 articles were retrieved and read, then 11 repeated articles were removed and 2 reference papers were included. We finally reviewed 82 original articles. There appear to be two primary methods employed for inducing crush syndrome in animal models, which are chemically induced injury and physically induced injury. Chemical method mainly includes intramuscular (IM) injection of tissue extract solution and IM injection of 50% glycerine. Physical method can be classified into invasive and non-invasive physical compression by elasticated material, inflatable band and heavy load. Various species of animals have been used to study CS, including mice (13.4%), rats (68.3%), rabbits (11.0%), canines (4.9%), goats (1.2%), and pigs (1.2%). Small animals are suitable for researches exploring the mechanism of disease or drug efficacy while large animals can work better with clinical application-related researches. In regard to the choice of modeling method, compressing the certain muscle of animals by heavy things is superior to others to cause systemic trauma-related rhabdomyolysis signs. In addition, due to the significant burden of crush injuries on animals, further attention shall be paid to the selection of the most suitable anesthetics and appropriate analgesics.

Aqueous flow batteries (AFBs) are among the most promising electrochemical energy storage solutions for the massive-scale adoption of renewable electricity because of decoupled energy and power, design flexibility, improved safety and low cost. The development of high-voltage AFB is, however, limited by the lack of stable anolytes that have low redox potential. Here we report Eu-based anolytes for high-voltage pH-neutral AFB applications. Eu3+ has a reduction potential of −0.39 V vs. SHE, which can be dramatically lowered when forming stable complex with inexpensive organic chelates. A typical complex, EuDTPA, features a low redox potential of −1.09 V vs. SHE, fast redox kinetics, and a high water solubility of 1.5 M. When paired with ferrocyanide, the battery had an open-circuit voltage of 1.56 V and demonstrated stable cell cycling performance, including a capacity retention rate of 99.997% per cycle over 500 cycles at 40 mA cm−2, a current efficiency of >99.9%, and an energy efficiency of >83.3%. A high concentration anolyte at 1.5 M exhibited a volumetric capacity of 40.2 Ah L−1, which is one of the highest known for pH-neutral AFBs, promising a potent solution for the grid-scale storage of renewable electricity.

Phototherapy holds great promise for disease treatment; however, traditional “always-on” photoagents have been restricted to clinical translation due to their nonspecific response and side effects on normal tissues. Here, we show a tumor microenvironment activated photothermal and photoacoustic agent as an activatable prodrug and probe that allows precise cancer diagnosis and treatment. Such an in situ revitalized therapeutic and contrast agent is achieved via controllable plasmonic heating for thermoplasmonic activation. This enables monitoring of signal molecule dynamics, real-time photothermal and photoacoustic imaging of tumors and lymph node metastasis, and targeted photothermal therapy without unwanted phototoxicity to normal tissues. Our study provides a practical solution to the non-specificity problem in phototherapy and offers precision cancer therapeutic and theranostic strategies. This work may advance the development of ultrasensitive disease diagnosis and precision medicine., A tumor microenvironment-activated photoagent is reported for precise photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging via controllable thermoplasmonics. The agent can sensitively image tumors and lymph node metastasis and specifically ablate tumors.

Polyolefin-based anion exchange membranes have recently been increasingly studied, but obtaining polyolefins with controllable molecular weights and high chemical stability under facile and metal-free conditions remains a critical challenge. Here, we demonstrate a novel strategy of exploiting visible light-induced reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (Vis-RAFT) for the preparation of poly(2-chloroethyl vinyl ether) (PCEVE), which exhibits high alkaline stability. With this strategy, we can control the molecular weight of PCEVE by an “on/off” light procedure. The quaternization of PCEVE yields quaternized poly(2-chloroethyl vinyl ether) (PQEVE) membranes with a well-defined microphase-separated morphology, a high chloride conductivity of 26.1 mS cm−1 at 30 °C, and a significantly reduced water swelling of 1.2% at 80 °C. We anticipate that this strategy can be a potent alternative to metal-catalysed coordination polymerization or metathesis polymerization in preparing high molecular weight polyolefins for membrane applications.

Solid particle erosion on the material surfaces is a very common phenomenon in the industrial field, which greatly affects the efficiency, service life, and even poses a great threat to life safety. However, current research on erosion resistance is not only inefficient, but also limited to the improvement of hardness and toughness of materials. Inspired by typical scorpion (Parabuthus transvaalicus), biomimetic functional samples with exquisite anti-erosion structures were manufactured. Macroscopic morphology and structure of the biological prototype were analyzed and measured. According to above analysis, combined with response surface methodology, a set of biomimetic samples with different structural parameters were fabricated by using 3D printing technology. The anti-erosion performance of these biomimetic samples was investigated using a blasting jet machine. Based on the results of blasting jet test, as well as regression analysis and fitting, the optimal structural parameters were obtained. In addition to the static test conditions, the optimal biomimetic sample was also eroded in rotating condition and showed excellent erosion resistance property. The presence of bump and groove structures, on the one hand, reduced the eroded area of biomimetic sample surface. On the other hand, they made the airflow turbulent and consequently reduced the impact energy of solid particles, which significantly improved the erosion resistance of biomimetic materials. This study provides a new strategy to improve the service life of components easily affected by erosion in the aviation, energy and military fields.

Coalescence-induced drop jumping has received significant attention in the past decade. However, its application remains challenging as a result of the low energy conversion efficiency and uncontrollable drop jumping direction. In this work, we report the high-efficiency coalescence-induced drop jumping with tunable jumping direction via rationally designed millimeter-sized circular grooves. By increasing the surface-droplet impact site area and restricting the oscillatory deformation, the energy conversion efficiency of the jumping droplet reaches 43.5%, 600% as high as the conventional superhydrophobic surfaces. The droplet jumping direction can be tuned from 90° to 60° by varying the principal curvature of the circular groove, while the energy conversion efficiency remains unchanged. We show through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations that the directional jumping mainly originates from reallocation of droplet momentum enabled by the asymmetric liquid bridge impact. Our study demonstrates a simple yet effective method for fast, efficient, and directional droplet removal, which warrants promising applications in jumping droplet condensation, water harvesting, anti-icing, and self-cleaning.

Crush injury/crush syndrome (CI/CS) is the second most common cause of death during earthquakes. Most studies of CI/CS have mainly focused on kidney injury after decompression. Few studies have focused on myocardial injury caused by crush injury and its potential mechanisms. We first verified cardiomyocyte injury during compression in rats with a crush injury. The survival rate, electrocardiographic results, histological results, catecholamine changes and cardiac β1-AR expression were evaluated. Next, we explored the effects of pretreatment with a selective β1-blocker (bisoprolol) with or without fluid resuscitation on rats with a crush injury. In addition to evaluating the survival rates, biochemical and histological analyses and echocardiographic measurements were also performed. Reduced heart rates, elevated ST segments, and tall-peaked T waves were observed in the rats with a crush injury. The changes in the myocardial enzymes and pathological results demonstrated that myocardial damage occurred during compression in rats with a crush injury. The levels of the catecholamine norepinephrine in both the serum and myocardial tissue were elevated during compression. Pretreatment with a selective β1-blocker combined with fluid resuscitation significantly improved the survival rates of the rats with lethal crush injury. The myocardial enzymes and pathological results showed that the combined therapy decreased myocardial damage. The echocardiography measurements showed that the rats that received the combined therapy exhibited decreased left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular volume at end-systole (LVVs) and left ventricular internal diameter (LVID) compared with the rats with a crush injury. Our findings demonstrated the presence of myocardial injury in the early stage of compression in rats with a crush injury. Pretreatment with a β1-blocker (bisoprolol) with fluid resuscitation significantly reduced mortality, decreased myocardial tissue damage, and improved ventricular remodelling in rats with a lethal crush injury.

Metastasis remains the primary cause for mortality of breast cancer. Despite advances in current therapeutic agents, patients with metastatic breast cancer still have poor prognoses. Tumor hypoxia, a key microenvironment factor, is emerging as an attractive target to prevent metastasis and is also involved with resistance to phototherapy. Here, we show an effective nanotherapeutic approach based on manganese dioxide-coated polydopamine nanocarriers to trigger robust anti-tumor and anti-metastasis responses against metastatic breast cancer by supplemental oxygenation and multimodal imaging-guided phototherapies. In cancer cells, the produced oxygen by the developed nanoplatform decreases the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors 1\ga to inhibit tumor metastasis, and enhances the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. This nanotherapeutic approach enables the combined photodynamic/photothermal treatments with great inhibition on cell migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, the nanotherapeutics effectively suppresses primary tumor progress and inhibits lung metastasis in vivo in a breast cancer mouse model with satisfying biosafety. This study suggests that the tumor hypoxia-targeting nanotherapeutics have great potential for preventing and treating metastatic cancers.

Hyperglycemia mediates oxidative stress, thus inducing transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, increasing endothelial adhesion molecule expression and monocyte/endothelial interaction, and resulting in endothelial injury. Ketamine was reported to attenuate oxidative stress in many cases. In this research, we determined whether and how ketamine protects against high-glucose-mediated augmentation of monocyte/endothelial interaction and endothelial adhesion molecule expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. High glucose augmented monocyte/endothelial adhesion and endothelial adhesion molecule expression. High glucose induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and augmented phospho-protein kinase C (p-PKC) βII expression and PKC activity. Moreover, high glucose inhibited the inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor-κBα (IκBα) expression in the cytoplasm and induced NF-κB nuclear translocation. Importantly, the effects induced by high glucose were counteracted by ketamine treatment. Further, CGP53353, a PKC βII inhibitor, inhibited high-glucose-mediated NF-κB nuclear translocation, attenuated adhesion molecule expression, and reduced monocyte/endothelial interaction. Further, these effects of ketamine against high-glucose-induced endothelial injury were inhibited by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a PKC βII activator. In conclusion, ketamine, via reducing ROS accumulation, inhibited PKC βII Ser660 phosphorylation and PKC and NF-κB activation and reduced high-glucose-induced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and monocyte/endothelial interaction.

Aerobic glycolysis plays a crucial role in cancer progression. Ketamine is often used for cancer pain relief in clinical settings. Moreover, ketamine inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in many cancer cell types. However, the anti-tumour mechanism of ketamine is still poorly understood. In the present study, we survey whether and how ketamine inhibits aerobic glycolysis in colon cancer cells. Glycolysis of colon cancer cells was determined by detecting the extracellular acidification rate in HT29 and SW480 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to determine mRNA expression. Calcium levels were detected with a Fluo-3 AM fluorescence kit. Micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (microPET/CT) imaging was employed to assess glycolysis in the tumours of the xenograft model. Ketamine treatment inhibited colon cancer cell viability and migration in HT29 and SW480 cells. Moreover, ketamine decreased aerobic glycolysis and decreased the expression of glycolysis-related proteins in HT29 and SW480 cells. MicroPET/CT demonstrated that ketamine decreased 18F-FDG uptake in the xenograft model. In addition, ketamine inhibited c-Myc expression and CaMK II phosphorylation and decreased calcium levels. Further, dizocilpine (an NMDAR inhibitor), and KN93 (a CaMK II inhibitor), decreased CaMK II phosphorylation, c-Myc expression, and cancer cell glycolysis; these results were similar to those with ketamine treatment. Furthermore, the anti-tumour effect of ketamine was counteracted by rapastinel (an NMDAR activator). Ketamine inhibited aerobic glycolysis in colon cancer cells probably by blocking the NMDA receptor-CaMK II-c-Myc pathway, thus attenuating colon cancer cell viability and migration.

Microglia inflammation induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory enzymes expression, thus leading to inflammation-mediated neuronal cell death. Increased intracellular glycolysis participates in LPS-mediated microglia inflammation. Dexmedetomidine exhibits neuroprotective effects in some situations. In this study, we mainly focused on whether and how dexmedetomidine inhibits LPS-mediated cellular glycolysis and inflammation in BV2 cells. LPS induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory enzymes expression, and increased glycolysis capacity in BV2 cells. Moreover, inhibition of glycolysis by 2DG attenuated LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory enzymes expression. Moreover, LPS upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) expression and decreased sirt1 expression. Dexmedetomidine counteracted these effects induced by LPS. Further, 2-methoxyestradiol, a HIF1α inhibitor, could inhibit LPS-mediated glycolysis and inflammation in BV2 cells, which was similar to the effects of dexmedetomidine. In addition, these effects of dexmedetomidine could be reversed by EX527, a sirt1 inhibitor. The present study indicated that dexmedetomidine, via upregulation of sirt1 expression, inhibited HIF-1α expression and glycolysis, thus reducing LPS-mediated inflammation in BV2 cells.

To share the practice of medical care and rescue in the 2017-2019 Amne Machin extreme cross-country challenge.At the invitation of the Organizing Committee of Amne Machin extreme cross-country challenge of Maqin County of Qinghai Province. More than 150 medical personnel were sent to make the rescue plan and implement the medical security for three consecutive years. The support was divided into leading command group, expert consulting group, on-site medical support group, rear medical support group, and medical material support group. The on-site medical support group was equipped with the ambulance, corresponding emergency medical equipments and medicines to provide medical support at eight medical stations from the starting point to the endpoint and along the route between each station.There were no cardiac arrest and sudden death cases during the three competitions. A total of 56 patients (5 cases of combined injuries) were received, including 21 cases of mild altitude reaction, 8 cases of abrasions, 13 cases of muscle spasm and strain, 11 cases of hypoglycemia, and 3 cases of abdominal pain. All the injured were treated and observed in time. Each patient achieved a complete remission.To achieve the success of medical security of the highest average altitude cross-country race certified by International Trail Running Association (ITRA), we must formulate a scientific and perfect medical security work plan in the first place: pre competition physical examination, especially the application of sports cardiopulmonary function test, screen out athletes who may have medical accidents; during the competition, focus on monitoring and tracking the players who may have problems; each support point is closely connected with the support vehicle; do a good job of first aid training for all kinds of personnel, so that medical accidents can be found, aided, and transferred at the first time. The medical care and rescue of Amne Machin extreme cross-country challenge have played a good role in the security of the international plateau sports events, which provides a reference for the security of similar events.

Guided drop transport is of great importance in various water and thermal management technologies. Unidirectional drop transport on a hot surface has been widely developed, but a bidirectional reversal is still challenging. Here, we report a steerable transport of drop impinging on heated concentric microgroove arrays, on which the directionality of drop transport is dictated by the drop boiling modes. In the transition boiling state, the driving force originated from the Laplace pressure difference rendered by the microgrooves, which enables the drop rebounding towards the center of curvature. While in the film boiling state, a net force towards the opposite side is generated between the grooves and the penetrated liquid, that drives the drop far away from the center of curvature. Our experimental and theoretical results uncover that the lateral displacement is controlled by both the Weber number and off-center distance. These findings strengthen our fundamental understanding of drop impact dynamics at high temperatures and are essential for effective cooling of hot-spot cores and drop sieving.

BackgroundThe gut microbiome is a key target for traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) to ameliorate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with T2DM have quite distinct gut microbiota in comparisons with normal individuals, and it directly influences intestinal permeability. This study aims to investigate the underlying effects of Jianpi Qinghua Decoction on gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in newly diagnosed T2DM patients.Methods / designThis study is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 120 subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM. The patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio into placebo group (1/10 Jianpi Qinghua Decoction + maltodextrin twice daily, n = 60) and treatment group (Jianpi Qinghua Decoction twice daily, n = 60). The study drugs will be double blinded to both investigators and participants. The visits will be done at baseline (visit 0), 1 month (visit 1), 2 months (visit 2), 3 months (visit 3). Measures include: anthropometric measures, blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) and serum insulin, total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), safety indexs (including blood routine examination, clinical urine tests, liver/renal profile), identifying intestinal permeability used ELISA testing serum LPS, serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), serum Zonulin concentrations and fecal sample collection for gut microbiota profiling through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 26. DiscussionWe describe a clinical research protocol evaluating the impact of Jianpi Qinghua Decoction on gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. We assume that adminstration of Jianpi Qinghua Decoction will correct gut microbial dysbiosis and intestinal permeability, leading to improved glycemic control.Trial registrationChinese clinical trial registry, identifier: ChiCTR2000039423（http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=62537&htm=4.）.Registered on 27 October 2020.

Surfaces directing fluid flows Although surfaces can be made to attract or repel liquids using coatings, surface textures with specific curvature can also be used to achieve the same effect. However, fluid transport is usually limited by the specific pattern that only drives flow at the surface itself. Feng et al . created a dual-reentrant surface that has an asymmetric profile so that fluids spread out at the surface and subsurface layers. Furthermore, these surfaces can be designed so that different liquids will naturally steer in opposing directions simply because of their specific interactions with the surface. —MSL

Accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy are essential to precision theranostics. However, nonspecific response of theranostic agents in healthy tissues impedes their practical applications. Here, we design an activatable DNA nanosphere for specifically in situ sensing of cancer biomarker flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) and spatiotemporally modulating drug release. The gold nanostar-conjugated FEN1 substrate acts as spherical nucleic acid and induces a fluorescence signal upon a FEN1 stimulus for diagnosis. Guided by the nanoflare, external NIR light then triggers a controlled release of carried drugs at desired sites. This DNA nanosphere not only exhibits good stability, sensitivity, and specificity toward FEN1 assay but also serves as a precision theranostic agent for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Our study provides a reliable method for FEN1 imaging in vitro and in vivo and suggests a powerful strategy for precision medicine.

Personal glucose meter (PGM) is one of the most commercially available POC (point-of-care) devices for monitoring the level of glucose reliably, yet its non-glucose quantification ability is limited since such strategy needs ingenious interface design and tedious enzyme conjugation. Herein, we constructed a portable and sensitive platform that can detect non-glucose target by combining enzyme-encapsulated zeolitic imidazole framework-90 (ZIF-90) with personal glucose meter. ZIF-90 is an ideal carrier and susceptor due to the extraordinary capability of packaging enzyme and stimuli-responsiveness. We selected adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) as the target model of non-glucose analytes. Upon ATP-induced decomposition of MOF, the released enzyme (glucose oxidase or invertase) catalyzed substrate and gave rise to the change of the glucose concentration for PGM assay. This method determined ATP with a remarkably sensitivity of 233 nM and effective recovery in real serum samples. Our strategy provides a facile and practical approach for measuring the non-glucose target using PGM, and could potentially be applied in bimolecular detection in point-of-care diagnosis.

AimsThis study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the metabolic syndrome with the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) to screen for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a Shanghai population.MethodsParticipants aged 25-64 years were recruited from a Shanghai population from July 2019 to March 2020. Each participant underwent a standard metabolic work-up, including clinical examination with anthropometry. Glucose status was tested using hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc), 2h-post-load glucose (2hPG), and fasting blood glucose (FBG). The FINDRISC questionnaire and the metabolic syndrome were examined. The performance of the FINDRISC was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC).ResultsOf the 713 subjects, 9.1% were diagnosed with prediabetes, whereas 5.2% were diagnosed with T2DM. A total of 172 subjects had the metabolic syndrome. A higher FINDRISC score was positively associated with the prevalence of T2DM and the metabolic syndrome. Multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that the FINDRISC had a linear regression relationship with 2hPG levels (b’= 036, p < 0.0001). The AUC-ROC of the FINDRISC to identify subjects with T2DM among the total population was 0.708 (95% CI 0.639–0.776), the sensitivity was 44.6%, and the specificity was 90.1%, with 11 as the cut-off point. After adding FBG or 2hPG to the FINDRISC, the AUC-ROC among the total population significantly increased to 0.785 (95% CI 0.671–0.899) and 0.731 (95% CI 0.619–0.843), respectively, while the AUC-ROC among the female group increased to 0.858 (95% CI 0.753–0.964) and 0.823 (95% CI 0.730–0.916), respectively (p < 0.001). The AUC-ROC of the metabolic syndrome to identify subjects with T2DM among the total and female population was 0.805 (95% CI 0.767–0.844) and 0.830 (95% CI 0.788–0.872), respectively, with seven as the cut-off point.ConclusionsThe metabolic syndrome performed better than the FINDRISC model. The metabolic syndrome and the FINDRISC with FBG or 2hPG in a two-step screening model are both efficacious clinical practices for predicting T2DM in a Shanghai population.