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It has been shown that the adverse effects of salinity can vary between different varieties of the same plant species. This study was conducted to determine the tolerability of three newly released lines of maize to saline conditions when primed with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and salicylic acid (SA) each at 1.0 M concentration; seeds primed with distilled water were used as control. Concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 300 mM NaCl were tested. The experiment followed a 3x3x5 factorial arrangement of treatments with three replications. The results revealed significant interaction between maize lines and salinity where the germination percentage of line SWAN-LSR-Y was much more affected than the other lines at the salinity level of 50 mM, and its speed of germination was more affected than the others when passing from 150 to 300 mM NaCl. The seedling lengths (radicle and plumule) and seed vigor index were influenced by significant interaction between the primer and salinity, where EDTA enhanced better seedling growth than the other primers when the salinity did not exceed 150 mM. OMR-LSR-SY maize line did not show tolerability at this concentration. Similarly, EDTA and SA treated maize lines showed lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion radical (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as a decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, most importantly in SWAN-LSR-Y and BR9928-OMR-SR-Y maize lines. Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were enhanced in SWAN-LSR- Y and BR9928-OMR-SR-Y upon application of EDTA.

Despite recent advances in the mathematical modeling of biological processes and real-world situations raised in the day-to-day life phase, some phenomena such as immune cell populations remain poorly understood. The mathematical modeling of complex phenomena such as immune cell populations using nonlinear differential equations seems to be a quite promising and appropriate tool to model such complex and nonlinear phenomena. Fractional differential equations have recently gained a significant deal of attention and demonstrated their relevance in modeling real phenomena rather than their counterpart, classical (integer) derivative differential equations. We report in this paper a mathematical approach susceptible to answering some relevant questions regarding the side effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on DNA with a particular focus on double-strand breaks (DSBs), leading to the destruction of the cell population. A theoretical elucidation of the population memory was carried out within the framework of fractional differential equations (FODEs). Using FODEs, the mathematical approach presented herein ensures connections between fractional calculus and the nonlocal feature of the fractional order of immune cell populations by taking into account the memory trace and genetic qualities that are capable of integrating all previous actions and considering the system’s long-term history. An illustration of both fractional modeling, which provides an excellent framework for the description of memory and hereditary properties of immune cell populations, is elucidated. The mathematics presented in this research hold promise for modeling real-life phenomena and paves the way for obtaining accurate model parameters resulting from the mathematical modeling. Finally, the numerical simulations are conducted for the analytical approach presented herein to elucidate the effect of various parameters that govern the influence of ionizing irradiation on DNA in immune cell populations as well as the evolution of cell population dynamics, and the results are presented using plots and contrasted with previous theoretical findings.

Introduction: Solitary uveal lesions confer a diagnostic challenge to ophthalmologists. Uveitic lesions most abundantly appear amelanotic and commonly involve the choroid. Most amelanotic choroidal lesions are either neoplastic or inflammatory in origin. In our study, we aimed to describe six uveitic granuloma cases, which were referred to a tertiary ophthalmology center as intraocular tumors. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 6 patients (7 eyes) who had uveitic granulomas and were referred to a tertiary ophthalmology center as having intraocular tumors. Results: Mean age on presentation was 47 ± 12.5 years. One lesion was involving the ciliary body only, five lesions had pure choroidal involvement, and one had ciliochoroidal involvement. Mean visual acuity on presentation was 1.7 ± 0.75 (Snellen = 20/1,000) and ranged from 20/80 to light perception. Mean basal diameter of all lesions was 7.7 ± 1.8 mm. Three lesions had moderate echogenicity, two lesions were low to moderate echoic, and one lesion had moderate to high echogenicity on ultrasonography. Three lesions were associated with retinal detachments. Five eyes showed an early hypofluorescence with late hyperfluorescence. Leakage of fluorescein at borders was noticed in 3 lesions. Final diagnosis was presumed intraocular tuberculosis in 4 patients, probable ocular sarcoidosis in 1 patient, and idiopathic solitary uveitic granulomas in 1 patient. Upon treatment, the vision improved to 0.3 ± 0.27 (Snellen = 20/40) and ranged from 20/20 to 20/100 after 4.7 ± 2.9 years of follow-up. Conclusions: Uveitic granulomas can demonstrate features of ocular tumors. Proper uveitis management leads to a favorable visual outcome and ocular preservation.

Background:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has become a huge burden on healthcare systems of Saudi Arabia. It has been estimated that itsprevalence rate across the world is more than 20%. There are many challenges in the treatment when a patient has rhinosinusitis (RS) with more severe and refractory forms. Aim:To assess the prevalence and severity of rhinosinusitis among people living in Taif, Saudi Arabia and to explore the relationship between prevalence, severity and different socio-demographic factors. Methodology:This wasa cross-sectional studyconducted among people living in Taif, Saudi Arabia from May - July 2022. Data were taken from Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, and Prince Mansour Military Hospital, using a self-administered questionnaire from the patients. Results:A total of 364 participants were included in this study. More than 58% participants were females. Most of the participants werein age group 18-30 years. Furthermore, the prevalence of rhinosinusitis was 57.4%. In order to assess severity of rhinosinusitis sino nasal test (SNOT-22) was done, the average score was found to be 33.5 ± 26.3 out of 110 in a range of 0-103. It was found that the prevalence of RS was significantly associated with several socio demographic variables such as: gender, age, marital status, occupational status, educational level and monthly income of participants. Conclusion:The results revealed a high prevalence and severity scores of rhinosinusitis among people living in Taif, Saudi Arabia. It is recommended to conduct future research with the significantly associated factors. &nbsp

This study documents the role of traditional medicinal and therapeutic plants in treating various skin ailments by indigenous communities of the tribal district of North Waziristan, Pakistan. A total of 130 informants and traditional dermatologists were interviewed. They employed 77 plant species belonging to 49 families to treat various skin ailments. The leading life form reported was herbs (41 species), whereas the dominant family was Lamiaceae (5 species). Leaves were the most commonly used plant part (37 species). The most preferred mode of preparation was paste (30.38%), and the dominant mode of administration was topical (69.23%). Important medicinal plants reported in this study are recommended for further phytochemical screening for bioactive constituents, which may lead to novel drug discoveries.

In this study, the Doppler reactivity coefficient has been investigated for UO2, MOX, and (Th/U)O2 fuel types. The calculation has been carried out using the Monte Carlo method ( OpenMC). The effective multiplication factor keff has been evaluated for three materials with four different configurations without Integral Fuel Burnable Absorber (IFBA) rods and soluble boron. The results of MOX fuel, homogenous and heterogeneous thorium fuel configuration has been compared with the core of the reference fuel assembly (UO2). The calculation showed that the effective multiplication factor at 1 000 K was 1.26052, 1.14254, 1.22018 and 1.23771 for reference core, MOX, homogenous and heterogeneous configurations respectively. The results shows that reactivity has decreased with increasing temperature while the doppler reactivity coefficient remained negative. Moreover, the use of (Th/U)O2 homogenous and heterogeneous configuration had shown an improved response compared to the reference core at 600 K and 1 000 K. The doppler reactivity coefficient has been found as –8.98E-3 pcm/K, -0.8 655 pcmK for the homogenous and –8.854 pcm/K, -1.2253 pcm/K for the heterogeneous configuration. However, the pattern remained the same as for the reference core at other temperature points. MOX fuel has shown less response compared to the other fuel configuration because of the high resonance absorption coefficient of Plutonium. This study showed that the SMART reactor could be operated safely with investigated fuel and models.

Vitamin D is a well-known steroid hormone that plays an important role in controlling bone levels of calcium, phosphorus, and overall mineralization. Several animal and human studies indicate that vitamin D hypovitaminosis may be linked to an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and dementia. The objective of the present review is to summarize current knowledge of the effects of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D intake on cognitive function. The possible underline mechanisms of these effects were also discussed. We reviewed the literature starting from 1986 to 2019 by searching PubMed, Cochrane, Semantic Scholar, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for all observational studies, randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews using the keywords “vitamin D and Alzheimer disease”, “neuroprotective effect of vitamin D”, “vitamin D deficiency and Alzheimer ”, “role of vitamin D in neurodegenerative diseases ”, ” vitamin D and amyloidogenesis”, “acetylcholine and vitamin D”, and “memory and vitamin D ”.We also referred to animal and in vitro studies that dealt with the possible mechanisms of actions of the neuroprotective effect of vitamin D. Our findings showed that Vitamin D supplementation improves cognitive performance via reducing amyloidogenesis, restoration of neurotransmission, maintaining calcium balance, regulating neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory action, apoptosis regulation, antioxidant, and vascular processes. This review might be open new horizons in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the disease and neurodegeneration and enable the development of new approaches in treatment and prevention of the disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pierson syndrome is a rare genetic disease defined by congenital nephrotic syndrome in association with microcoria. The authors aim to describe the posterior segment and retinal features in Pierson syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of nine patients diagnosed with Pierson syndrome was ascertained. Details of ophthalmic history, ocular examination, retinal imaging, and surgical interventions were obtained during a median duration of 17 months of follow-up (range: 6 to 60 months). Retinal interventions included scatter laser photocoagulation and surgical retinal repair. RESULTS: Sixteen eyes of nine patients were included. The axial length of five eyes with flat retina was 26.59 mm ± 0.99 mm. Highly myopic features including tessellated fundus with accompanying optic disc pallor, unidentifiable cup, and abnormal retinal vascular emanation from the disc were observed in all eyes (100%), whereas 12 eyes (75%) had parapapillary chorioretinal atrophy. Features of abnormal retinal vascularization included avascular peripheral retina on fluorescein angiography, aberrant course of the temporal arcades in 13 eyes (81.3%), and straightened nasal retinal blood vessels in 12 eyes (75%). Tortuous retinal blood vessels were observed in three eyes (18.75%). Surgical repair was performed in five out of seven eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Recurrence was observed in all eyes, which required two to three procedures to achieve final reattachment. CONCLUSIONS: Combined features of high axial myopia with incomplete peripheral vascular maturation characterize the posterior segment in Pierson syndrome. Careful posterior segment examination is essential to detect RRD or retinal neovascularization. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2020;51:618–627.]

Background: To explore the interlink between conjunctival goblet and corneal dendritic cell density after six months of lens wear and to predict dendritic cell migration to the central cornea based on goblet cell loss in the conjunctiva as a response to contact lens wear. Methods: Sixty-nine subjects who had never previously worn contact lenses were observed for six months; 46 were fitted with contact lenses and 21 served as a control group. Corneal confocal microscopy was used to quantify goblet and dendritic cell density before and after six months of daily lens wear. Symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were identified in the lens-wearing group using a combination of signs and symptoms present. Pearson's correlation was used to determine associations between the total change of cell densities after six months of lens wear. Results: At baseline, there was no association between conjunctival goblet and corneal dendritic cell density (p > 0.05). After six months, there was an inverse association between the absolute change of conjunctival goblet and corneal dendritic cell density (ρ = −0.34, p = 0.03) in all participants (n = 69). Dendritic cell density in the central cornea was increased by 1.5 cells/mm2 for every decrease of 1 goblet cell/mm2 in the conjunctiva. Conclusions: After six months of wear, contact lens-induced goblet cell loss can partially predict resident corneal dendritic cell migration to the central cornea (observed as an increase in dendritic cell density). The associations between total cell density change after six months was established in wearers regardless of lens symptomatology, suggesting that cell density changes as a physiological adaptation to regulate the effect of contact lens wear on the ocular surface.

Objective History of the utilization of various parts of Camellia sinensis such as seed oil in different folklore medicaments and plants leaves for preparing green tea is very old. Pharmacokinetics (PK) plays a key role in the drug discovery stage by channelizing the medicinal chemist in the optimization process of chemical sequences and lends a hand to pharmacologists to invent in vivo studies. The objectives of the present study were to elaborate quantitative determination of phytochemicals and nutritional assessment of C. sinensis especially on the composition of seed oil of the local C. sinensis plant and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of leaves extract in healthy volunteers. Method Determination of secondary metabolites and nutritional assessment of C. sinensis were carried out. The composition of seed oil was elaborated with the help of GC–MS analysis for its potential significance and evidence-based household uses as folklore but also for industrial applications. Pharmacokinetics of water extract of C. sinensis leaves was compared in 9 healthy human volunteers and divided into three groups (n = 3, in each) fasting, fed and fed with coke. Plasma concentrations were noted in each group and were quantified using a validated HPLC method. Results Phytochemical analysis and proximate analysis of C. sinensis suggests the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins sterols; and protein, lipids fiber and carbohydrate respectively. GC–MS of the C. sinensis seed oil shows the presence of linoleic acid 100%, palmitic acid 33.55%, stearic acid 21.96, caffeine 21.72 and vitamin E 14.49%. Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that in the fasting group, higher plasma concentration was found among all the volunteers. Conclusion The phytochemical analysis of green tea suggests that it is a good source of secondary metabolites full of important nutrients. GC–MS of seed oil reveals that seed of C. sinensis is a rich source of fatty acid, and can be used to fulfill the pharmaceutical need. Pharmacokinetic studies may help to develop the biomarkers for the green tea utilization and also would help to design the dose and dose frequency for achieving the significant absorption level. PK and PD also help to determine its plasma concentration and therapeutic efficacy.

In this study, the activity concentration of 235U, 40K, 238U, 226Ra, and 232Th in phosphate rock found in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been measured by gamma-ray spectrometry. Phosphate is extracted from the northern region in Saudi Arabia and widely used in agriculture as fertilizers as well as in the chemical industry. The average activity concentration of 235U, 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K has been measured as (10.34 ± 1.49 Bq kg−1, 260.99 ± 19.68 Bq kg−1, 242.33 ± 2.74 Bq kg−1, 3.42 ± 0.94 Bq kg−1, and 47.50 ± 3.03 Bq kg−1) for Al-Jalamid phosphate rock ores, respectively; (46.10 ± 2.61 Bq kg−1, 1028.31 ± 36.88 Bq kg−1, 989.98 ± 6.41 Bq kg−1, 13.75 ± 1.68 Bq kg−1, and 51.93 ± 3.82 Bq kg−1) for Turaif phosphate rock ores, respectively; (63.60 ± 3.33 Bq kg−1, 1353.25 ± 41.58 Bq kg−1, 1304.29 ± 7.70 Bq kg−1, 13.45 ± 1.64 Bq kg−1, and 40.26 ± 3.67 Bq kg−1) for Umm Wu’al phosphate rock ores, respectively; and (13.83 ± 1.59 Bq kg−1, 318.72 ± 21.78 Bq kg−1, 350.50 ± 3.14 Bq kg−1, 5.01 ± 1.13 Bq kg−1, and 42.15 ± 3.02 Bq kg−1) for As-Sanam phosphate mines, respectively. The radiological parameters (gamma index, absorbed dose, outdoor and indoor annual effective dose, and total excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR)) have also been calculated to assess the health hazards. The radiation indices, effective dose, and ELCR have been found high in all samples corresponding to International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) safety limits, which reflects a radiological health risk for workers and population. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the concentration of dominant elements like fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F), dolomite (CaMg (CO3)2), and minor traces of quartz (SiO2) and calcite (CaCO3). The elemental concentration of CaO, Al2O3, P2O5, SiO2, MgO Al2O3, and Fe2O3 has been measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique.

The present study investigated the influence of inorganic amendments viz., SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in enhancing metal tolerance in plants. Seedlings of an important ornamental plant, Dahlia variabilis Cav. were grown under cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) stress. 30-days old seedlings were transferred to pots containing sterilized sand and supplemented with Hoagland’s medium. After 15 days of transplanting, four treatments (0, 10, 25, and 100 mg kg-1) of Cd and four treatments of Pb (0, 100, 500 and 5000 mg kg-1) were used with or without application of 2.0 mM SDS and 2.5 mM EDTA, separately and in combination. Seedlings were further grown for 60 days in culture media. Results revealed that both Cd and Pb significantly reduced plant growth, pigment content, and relative water content. Antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) along with protein and total soluble sugar contents showed a declining trend with an increase in Cd and Pb concentrations applied. The Cd and Pb treatment enhanced the production rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as depicted by the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in leaf. Inorganic amendments viz., EDTA+SDS applied either alone or in combination significantly alleviated Cd and Pb-induced toxic effects. However, a combination of EDTA+SDS showed significant results than used separately. These results revealed that the application of inorganic amendments in combination can enhance the phytoextraction capacity of the species studied. However, the effects of various amendments vary with the nature of the inorganic compound. The study suggests that the application of EDTA and SDS could be a useful strategy for enhancing the phytoextraction capability of Dahlia variabilis to remove Cd and Pb from contaminated soils.

Background: Several studies have proven a correlation of renin-angiotensin system with neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's is associated with memory and cognitive dysfunction .The present study was conducted to investigate whether perindopril and azilsartan combination have neuroprotective effect against aluminum chloride-induced cognitive impairment in rats than either alone. Methodology: Fifty-four male albino Westar rats were used in this study. Alzheimer's was induced by daily administration of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) (100 mg/kg), groups of rats were categorized into nine groups. Normal control (saline), vehicle received carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), positive control (Alcl3, 100 mg/kg), perindopril groups (0.5 and 1mg /kg/day) plus (Alcl3, 100 mg/kg), azilsartan groups ( 3.5 and 7 mg/kg/day) plus (Alcl3, 100 mg/kg) and combined groups 1&2 [(perindopril 0.5 mg/kg + azilsartan 3.5 mg/kg ) and (perindopril 1 mg/kg + azilsartan 7 mg/kg)], respectively, plus (Alcl3, 100 mg/kg). The duration of treatment was 60 days. The behavioral test was used to assess cognitive function, followed by estimation levels of beta-amyloid-42 (Aβ-42), acetylcholine esterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO) in the hippocampus by ELISA kits and histological examination of different hippocampal regions. Results and discussion: Chronic treatment with perindopril and azilsartan either alone or in combination significantly alleviated cognitive decline evaluated by the Y-maze test with a significant decrease in the hippocampal levels of Aβ-42, AChE, MDA, and TNF-α versus non treated control (positive control). Furthermore, most hippocampus histopathological changes were improved. Conclusion and recommendations: based on behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological findings of the present study, it is concluded that this study showed neuroprotective effect of ACEIs and ARBs either combined or alone.

Artificial intelligence algorithms show promise for various medical imaging applications. Modern computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can potentially be used for the early diagnosis of breast tumors, a leading cause of death in women worldwide. Deep learning algorithms have been applied to readily available breast ultrasound (BUS) images and provided good segmentation and classification performance. Nonetheless, this task remains challenging because US images are very noisy with a class imbalanced data distribution and inhomogenous intensity. To address these issues, we proposed a new variant of the U-Net architecture, which is commonly used for medical image segmentation. We also increased the network depth by using residual blocks (RBs). To resolve the issue of the vanishing gradient while downsampling the features, we expanded the network width by adapting a convolution path instead of a concatenation path in the original U-net. Our proposed model includes a preprocessing stage, feature extraction based on RBs, convolution-concatenation path, and a simple decoder to reconstruct the extracted features. Our proposed model showed better performance than basic U-Net and most recent models like DAL, SK-U-Net, Mobile-U-Net, and Efficient-U-Net. In particular, our model achieved a Dice coefficient and IOU of 91.5% and 84.6% on BUSIS, respectively.

Camellia sinensis L. has long been used as a therapeutic agent for the Central nervous system (CNS) due to the presence of flavonoids. The present study aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent Neuropharmacological behavioral potential of Camellia sinensis seed and leaf extracts on mice. To evaluate the differential potential of leaf and seed extract various doses were prepared and examined in open field, head dip, rearing, cage cross, swimming and traction tests. One-way ANOVA set at P*

Background: Many studies revealed that diabetes is an independent risk factor for developing cognitive dysfunction, and Alzheimer. During diabetes, overexpression of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta could lead to Aβ accumulation and neuronal death. Aim: To examine the neuroprotective effect of different doses of vitamin D3 against diabetic-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. Moreover, possible underlying mechanisms were also investigated. Methods: High-fat diet plus streptozotocin were used to induce diabetes in Westar rats. We sub-grouped the diabetic rats into six subgroups, positive control, vitamin D3 groups (100, 500 and 1000 IU/kg/day), vitamin D3 plus rivastigmine, and rivastigmine monotherapy. After the induction of diabetes, we started treatment for sixteen months. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate cognitive function, followed by estimation of beta-amyloid-42, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β levels in the hippocampus by ELIZA kits. Results: Vitamin D3 treatment significantly (p

A part of the big three cereal crops in the world, wheat has become a major constituent of the everyday food chain and is grown at a massive scale to meet global demands. This makes it an important crop from an economic as well as food security perspective. Selection of high-quality cultivars and consistent trait enhancement for such cultivars is crucial, and in light of new challenges from climate change, this has become an absolute necessity of time. In this regard, we conducted a detailed qualitative and quantitative trait analysis for multiple commercially viable varieties of wheat, and corresponding results were subjected to a series of critical statistical analyses. Final results have shown that five cultivars including Uqaab-2000, Faisalabad- 85, Anmol-19, NARC-2009, and Pirsabak-2004 depicts higher levels of various essential qualitative and quantitative traits (including Starch content, grain weight, RS content, Protein content, etc.) and are most viable varieties for further growth and trait enhancements to meet regional and global food challenges.

Recent advances in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technology have brought about more possibilities to segment and classify breast tumors. In the past decades, breast related diseases have significantly grown among women and have become a leading cause of death worldwide. An effective way to diminish breast cancer is to offer a proper diagnosis in the early stages of the disease by using ultrasound images. Our work proposes a modified U-Net architecture equipped with pre-trained inception residual blocks as an encoder for breast ultrasound (BUS) image segmentation. To enhance the performance, we increased the depth of the network by adapting the inception blocks. Our proposed solution consists of a preprocessing stage, feature extraction based on inception layers and a basic U-Net decoder. We utilized two public datasets named BUSI and UDIAT. This model predicts a mask for regions of interest (ROI) in BUS images by utilizing residual connections to ensure a minimum error rate and to preserve dimensionality. Our results show improved performance over the existing U-Net architecture, as well as the more recent deep adversarial learning and Selective K-U-Net models.

Background: Coats-like retinal vasculopathy in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is rare. This study describes its clinical spectrum, management outcomes and genetic associations in patients with autosomal recessive RP (arRP). Materials and methods: Retrospective review of ophthalmic, multimodal imaging, genetic findings and treatment outcomes of arRP patients who developed Coats-like features. Identification of patients included searching a retinal dystrophy registry of 798 patients. Results: Ten eyes of six patients with arRP (4 males, 2 females, mean age 33 years) demonstrated Coats-like features, namely inferotemporal peripheral retinal telangiectasis combined with unilateral inferotemporal vasoproliferative tumor (VPT) in 4 eyes. Exudative retinal detachment (ERD) developed in five eyes of which four had VPT. Ablation of the vasculopathy using retinal laser photocoagulation and/or cryotherapy in eight eyes, allowed ERD and/or lipid exudation to decrease in seven eyes despite incomplete vasculopathy regression. Additional intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection in one eye failed to regress the ERD and associated VPT. Observation in one eye caused increased exudation. Six mutations, including three novel mutations, were found in CRB1, CNGB1, RPGR, and TULP1. Conclusions: Coats-like features in arRP range from retinal telangiectasis to VPTs with extensive ERD and occur predominantly in the inferotemporal retinal periphery. In addition to their classic association with CRB1 mutations, other genes are implicated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing CNGB1 mutations in Coats-like RP. Awareness of the vasculopathy spectrum is important, and timely ablation of the vasculopathy with long-term monitoring is recommended to prevent additional visual loss in RP patients.

Background: Acute poisoning is one of the common medical emergencies in children that leads to morbidity and mortality. Medications and chemical agents play a major role in these adverse events resulting in social, economic, and health consequences. Aims of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and management of acute poisoning among children attending the emergency room at East Jeddah Hospital, Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of all acute pediatric poisoning incidences in children (0&ndash, 16 years of age) from October-21-2016 to March-03-2020 who were attending the emergency department. Data were analyzed via SPSS software. Results: A total of 69 incidences of acute poisoning in children who attended the emergency department at East Jeddah Hospital, males (n = 38, 55.1%). Most children were aged 5 years or younger (n = 41, 59.4%). Unintentional poisoning occurred among 56.5% of observed cases of which 52.2% occurred in children younger than 5 years, 7.20% (n = 5) of patients were 12 to 16 years of age and had deliberate self-poisoning. The association between type of poisoning and age groups was statistically significant (chi-square = 28.5057, p = 0.0001). Most incidences occurred at home (n = 64, 92.8%). Medicines were the most common cause of poisoning (n = 53, 76.8%). An excessive dose of prescribed medicine poisoning accidents was reported in 10.1% cases. Analgesics such as paracetamol were the most documented medication associated with poisoning (39.1%) followed by anticonvulsants and other central nervous system acting medicines (18.8%). The most common route of poisoning was oral ingestion (81.2%). One mortality case was documented. Conclusion: Although not common, accidental and deliberate acute poisoning in children does occur. More can be done to educate parents on safe storage of medicines, household cleaning and other products associated with acute poisoning in children. Likewise, children can be taught more about the risks of poisoning from an early age. As importantly, clinicians need to include more detailed notes in the electronic medical records (EMR) or the system needs to be improved to encourage completeness to more accurately inform the research evidence-base for future service design, health policy and strategy.