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The parameters and modes of extraction of stevioside – hydromodule, temperature and duration of the process were selected in the work. The object of the study was dried stevia leaves of the Ramon Sweetmeat variety. The determination of diterpene glycosides in the extract was carried out by the modified Komissarenko method. To optimize the technological parameters of extraction, regression models of the second order were built using orthogonal central composition planning. The degree of crushing of stevia leaves was 1-3 mm. The extraction at a temperature below 76 ° C reduces the amount of diterpene glycosides in the aqueous extract, and an increase in the extraction temperature above 92 ° C does not increase the yield of glycoside. The maximum extraction of diterpene glycosides is achieved at an extraction temperature of 92 ° C. When selecting a hydromodule, extraction was carried out at the ratio of stevia leaves and water 1:5, 1:10, 1:15. The highest yield of extractive substances was observed with a hydromodule of 1:10. With an increase in the duration of extraction from 60 to 180 minutes, an increase in the extract is observed. The optimal duration of the extraction process is 120 min. Based on the experimental data obtained, a second-order mathematical model was constructed, suitable for optimizing the process of obtaining stevia extract. The main factors influencing the process of stevioside transition from leaves to solution were considered: extraction temperature, °C; extraction duration, min; hydromodule. The criteria for evaluating the efficiency of the extraction process were: the yield of diterpene glycosides % by weight of stevia and energy consumption kW/dm3 extract. The first criterion is desirable to maximize, the second – to minimize. Optimal extraction modes are obtained:hydromodule - 1:10.8, temperature - 79.8 ° C, duration - 94.1 min.

Scintillators with high spatial‐resolution and high‐stability are highly desirable for X‐ray imaging applications at unpredictable environments. To challenge state‐of‐the‐art technology, it is necessary to design high thermal stable scintillators with high‐resolution and high light yield. In this work, the zero‐thermal‐quenching Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+ (LuAG: Ce3+) transparent ceramics (TCs) is synthesized with high optical transparency. The thermoluminescence (TL) curves of the as‐obtained TCs demonstrate that the formation of the oxygen vacancies, acting as the trapping centers, can capture the carriers and then contribute to the enhancement of its thermals stability via the thermal compensation effect. The exceptional thermal‐stability of the TCs scintillator endows the monitoring of the dynamic changes of the internal structure of the objective samples without any ghosting effects during heating. In addition, given the ultra‐high uniform, transparency, and fast light decay of the TCs scintillator, the excellent spatial resolution (≈112 lp mm−1) of the X‐ray microscopic imaging is realized. These results undeniably demonstrate that the as‐obtained LuAG: Ce3+ TCs have great prospects for advancement in X‐ray detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis is extremely widespread. Traditionally, it is considered a disease of older people, who most often experience problems with the heart and blood vessels. While much attention from the scientific community has been paid to studying the association between aging and atherosclerosis, as well as its consequences, there is evidence that atherosclerosis occurs at an early age. Atherosclerosis may form both during intrauterine development and in childhood. Nutrition plays an important role in childhood atherosclerosis, along with previous infectious diseases and excess weight of both the child and the mother. In the present review, we examined the development of atherosclerosis and the prerequisites in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring the real‐time quality and validity of thermo‐sensitive foods during storage and transportation can be achieved with time‐temperature indicators (TTIs). However, the available TTIs still need to be improved in terms of accuracy, recoverability, environmental tolerance, and quantitative monitoring. Here, a novel TTI based on the optical signals originating from the as‐explored Sr3Y2Ge3O12: Mn2+, Er3+ (SYGO: Mn2+, Er3+) phosphor is developed. Thanks to the fact that the release of the captured carriers is tightly related to the storage time and ambient temperature, distinct optical signals of the as‐obtained TTI under multi‐stimulus (980 nm laser irradiation, thermal stimulation, and mechanical force) can be distinguished to judge the validity of temperature‐sensitive products. This work reveals the promising potential of SYGO: Mn2+, Er3+ phosphors with cryogenic optical storage properties as advanced TTIs, especially for packaged products in cold chain logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding new pathogenic factors that affect the progression of chronic diseases is an important step in the fight against these diseases. In this review, the causes and role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are considered. In this context, the importance of mitochondria for kidney cells in general and proximal tubule cells in particular, as well as the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CKD, are also discussed. The causes of mitochondrial dysfunction in CKD and the consequences of the development of pathological conditions as a result of impaired mitochondrial activity are analyzed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines ways of teaching Earth science students techniques to recognize manipulative clickbait in the online versions of American newspapers. The study presents an analysis of headlines in the online versions of the newspaper aiming to determine the specificities of the use of clickbait and to further classify the techniques through which it is employed. The analyzed data was collected from the Sports and Business sections of the 2021 online issues of the New York Times and the Washington Post. The frequency of clickbait use was found in each of the newspapers in general and in each of the studies section in particular. The analysis resulted in the classification of the techniques of achieving the clickbait effect. The individual characteristics of the journalists’ styles of the newspapers under study was further investigated. The quantitative analysis revealed varying amounts of clickbait in the headlines of the online newspapers.