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The combined influence of magnetic field, electro-osmotic flow (EOF), and pressure gradient on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow through a parallel microchannel is investigated. The Burger's liquid model is used for the fractional partial differential equation, which allows us to study the behavior of viscoelastic liquid velocity profile in the parallel microchannel. The Laplace transform (LT) in concert with the Fourier cosine transform are used to obtain the analytical solution of the velocity profile. Furthermore, using the method of separation of variables, the energy equation, Joule heating, energy dissipation, and electromagnetic effects are calculated to obtain the temperature within the microchannel. The influence of some relevant parameters like heat transfer, temperature distribution, Hartmann number (Ha), and Brinkman number (Br) on fluid flow velocity are presented graphically and discussed. The results obtained show that temperature decreases with Ha and Br of the transverse electric field for slip flow. Close to the middle of the microchannel, fluid flow velocity increases with decrease in the delay time parameter value and increase in the Burger's parameter value, while the opposite trend is found for the velocity near to the middle of the microchannel. In addition, Burger's liquid is quite general, such that Oldroyd-B, Maxwell, and Newtonian liquids are readily obtained as limiting cases. The study is significant in the application fields of chemical analysis and biological analysis, drug delivery, bacteria detection, and some others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries and in sub-Saharan Africa where most malaria cases and deaths occur. The resistance of malaria parasites to most anti-malaria drugs, coupled with the high cost and the toxic effects of some drugs has posed a challenge for the search of new effective anti-malarial compounds of low cost. The study aims to determine the antiplasmodial activity of Curcuma longa against Plasmodium berghei in rodents. A total of 110 Swiss albino mice weighing 18-30 grams were used for the study: 35 for the toxicity test and 75 for the antimalarial study. For each test, 25 mice were inoculated with drug-sensitive Nk65 Plasmodium berghei and divided into five groups of five animals each and each group was administered one of the following: 120mg/kg of ethanol extract, 120mg/kg water extract, 120mg/kg nHexane extracts of C. longa, 1.2mg/kg of pyrimethamine or 5mg/kg of Chloroquine (positive control) and 0.2mls of normal saline (negative control). The lethal dose concentration was above 1500mg/kg and the extracts showed significant (P<0.05) antimalarial activity with the highest percentage inhibition (67.49%) recorded in the group treated with ethanol in the curative test, followed by the group given water in the suppressive test with (65.03%) and nHexane in the prophylactic test with percentage inhibition of 64.98%. There was a slight difference in the antimalarial activities of the extracts of different solvents which all had lower activities compared with the standard drugs (Chloroquine administered at 5mg/kg or pyrimethamine, 1.2mg/kg/day) but no total clearance of the parasite was recorded. C. longa possesses considerable antiplasmodial activity, which can be exploited in malaria therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vector control remains the preferred method for effective malaria control. The impressive results of vector control are however, threatened by emerging resistance to insecticides among Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes. This study aimed at determining the pattern of resistance to selected insecticides in each class of carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, and pyrethriods using World Health Organisation tubes and Centre for Disease prevention and Control standard bottle assay protocols. Larvae and pupae of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected in villages of Buruku and Katsina-Ala Local Government Areas of Benue State between April and May 2019 and reared at 27oC and 80% relative humidity to adults at the Nasarawa state University Insectary. Susceptibility tests were carried out on 2-3 days old non-blood fed female adults. With WHO test method, Anopheles mosquitoes were completely susceptible (100% mortality) to Primiphos-methyl (organophosphate), Lambdacyhalothrin (pyrethroids) in Buruku and Katsina Ala but were resistant (54% mortality) to DDT (Organochlorine) in both sites. Mosquitoes were resistant (88% mortality) to Bendiocarb (Carbamates) in Katsina Ala but susceptible in Buruku with 99% mortality. However, the results for CDC bottle bioassays showed that Anopheles mosquitoes were susceptible to Primiphos methyl, Lambdacyhalothrin and Bendiocarb (>98% mortality) except for DDT which was resistant (<85% mortality) in both LGAs. Overall, this study shows that Anopheles gambiae s.l are resistant to DDT. The resistance may have arisen from indiscriminate use of the pesticide in households and for agricultural purposes. This study provides baseline and useful information on the susceptibility status of Anopheles mosquito populations to four classes of insecticides approved for public health use. Proper regulation should therefore be put in place on the procurement and use of this insecticide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anopheles mosquitoes are major vectors of malaria and play a major role in transmission of infections in humans. Older populations of Anopheles mosquito are more likely to transmit malaria since they need to survive the time needed for the parasite to develop inside the mosquito and to take at least two blood meals to transmit the disease, therefore will have higher parity rates. Hence, the study on parity rate of Anopheles gambiae in Buruku and Katsina-Ala Local Government Areas of Benue State was carried out to determine their physiological age and longevity. Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps, the traps were placed one indoor and another outdoor in randomly selected houses for two consecutive nights, from June 2018 to May 2019. A total of 529 Anopheles gambiae were dissected to determine their physiological age and longevity of which 280 (52.93%) were parous while nulliparous ones were 249 (47.07%). However, there was no significant difference (χ2 = 0.3434, df = 1, P = 0.5579) in relation to the proportion of parous and nulliparous mosquitoes. Katsina-Ala area had a higher number of parous mosquitoes 110 (57.29%) than Buruku area 170 (50.45%). Nevertheless, parity rate across the two Local Government Areas showed no significant difference (χ2 = 2.0347, df = 1, P = 0.1537). The results show that the nulliparous mosquitoes survive long enough to take at least one blood meal. Overall results showed that parity rate in both dry and rainy season remained the same, indicating that malaria transmission across both seasons in the study area is also the same and the chance for a person to be infected is equal and perennial. Control measures should therefore centre on education to improve the proper use of Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and other protective measures to reduce human mosquito contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural products, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts provide unlimited opportunities for new drug discoveries because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. This study was carried out to isolate the active ingredients and determine the antimalarial activity of fractions of Pseudocedrela kotschyi stem bark following a scientific report of the antimalarial activity of crude extract of the plant material. A total of seven different fractions were obtained from 12g of the ethyl acetate crude extract using the flash chromatography method. GC-MS analysis of each of the seven ethyl acetate fractions was done and the identification of components present was based on a direct a comparison of the similarity index, retention times and mass spectral data with those for standard compounds. The compound prediction is based on NIST 05 Spectral library search programme. LD50 of 5 out of 7 fractions obtained was carried out using 45 mice of both sexes 50 weighing 17-34g. The antimalarial (suppressive and curative) properties were evaluated in 40 mice in 3 different groups using NK 65 Plasmodium berghei berghei for each fraction. The plant treatments were compared against chloroquine and dimethyl sulfoxide. Results of GC-MS analysis of the seven ethyl acetate fractions of the plant extract showed the presence of forty-four different compounds, of which 3, 5-di-tert-butylphenol have been previously reported to have antimalarial properties. Acute toxicity (LD50) of fractions F1-4, F8, F9, F10-11, and F12-19 were 450mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 450mg/kg, 50 200mg/kg, and 450mg/kg respectively. All 7 fractions exhibited antimalarial activity. Remarkably, fractions F8 and F6-7 showed significant antimalarial activities for both suppressive and curative tests. These findings may benefit the antimalarial drug search in the current public health concerns of malaria disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. Background. Malaria remains a significant public health concern in Ghana, with varying risk levels across different geographical areas. Malaria affects millions of people each year and imposes a substantial burden on the health care system and population. Accurate risk estimation and mapping are crucial for effectively allocating resources and implementing targeted interventions to identify regions with disease hotspots. This study aimed to identify regions exhibiting elevated malaria risk so that public health interventions can be implemented, and to identify malaria risk predictors that can be controlled as part of public health interventions for malaria control. Methods. The data on laboratory-confirmed malaria cases from 2015 to 2021 were obtained from the Ghana Health Service and Ghana Statistical Service. We studied the spatial and spatiotemporal patterns of the relative risk of malaria using Bayesian spatial and spatiotemporal models. The malaria risk for each region was mapped to visually identify regions with malaria hotspots. Clustering and heterogeneity of disease risks were established using correlated and uncorrelated structures via the conditional autoregressive and Gaussian models, respectively. Parameter estimates from the marginal posterior distribution were estimated within the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation using the R software. Results. The spatial model indicated an increased risk of malaria in the North East, Bono East, Ahafo, Central, Upper West, Brong Ahafo, Ashanti, and Eastern regions. The spatiotemporal model results highlighted an elevated malaria risk in the North East, Upper West, Upper East, Savannah, Bono East, Central, Bono, and Ahafo regions. Both spatial and spatiotemporal models identified the North East, Upper West, Bono East, Central, and Ahafo Regions as hotspots for malaria risk. Substantial variations in risk were evident across regions (H = 104.9, P < 0.001). Although climatic and economic factors influenced malaria infection, statistical significance was not established. Conclusions. Malaria risk was clustered and varied among regions in Ghana. There are many regions in Ghana that are hotspots for malaria risk, and climate and economic factors have no significant influence on malaria risk. This study could provide information on malaria transmission patterns in Ghana, and contribute to enhance the effectiveness of malaria control strategies.

There are modern attempts to consider understanding God from similar perceptions while being accommodated to your deity. It has to do with mixing orblendingof two religious beliefs or bringingmore religions towards similar goals. Syncretism comes from the word synkretismosin Greek to mix orinvolve other things. The study considers modern development as concerned with the desire or goals of the citizens that are economic in nature, in some instances, it represents the well-being of the citizens by social analyses. A Jewish Buddhist is a person with a Jewish background who believes in the tenets or a form of Buddhism. When the individual practices a particular religion, it may be both Judaism and Buddhism.One typical example could that of the people of Crete in ancient days who always fought themselves, but when enemies threatening to attack them, they combined forces and defeated the enemies. By such act, they defended their interest collectively which enhanced their welfare and growth. A good number of Jews in America and Germany who combined their faith with Buddhism added strength in terms of development capacity economically, technologically and politically to the nations.Africans stand to learn for a better community life and our political, economic and social development.

The present study endeavors to quantitatively evaluate the performance of concrete by incorporating carbon fiber reinforcement and micro silica addition. A comprehensive experimental investigation is conducted to examine the effects of these two additives on the concrete properties. Additionally, an eco-efficiency analysis is performed to assess the environmental impact of the modified concrete. Furthermore, a response surface optimization technique is employed to optimize the concrete mix design based on desired performance criteria. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into enhancing the performance and eco-efficiency of concrete by utilizing carbon fiber reinforcement and micro silica addition. To accomplish this objective, varying percentages of CF (ranging from 0% to 0.80%) and different densities of micro silica (ranging from 0 kg/m3 to 50 kg/m3) were incorporated into the concrete mixtures. Subsequent tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties, including compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength, at least 3 specimens for each mix were tested. Furthermore, the eco-strength efficiency of the concrete mixtures was assessed by determining the ratios of embodied carbon. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of 0.60% CF and 26.5 kg/m3 of micro silica in the concrete mixture yields the optimal proportion, leading to a significant enhancement in compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), and flexural strength (FS) by 54.11%, 80%, and 36.6%, respectively, compared to a control sample devoid of CF and micro silica. Through thorough experimentation, a response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to develop an optimized model. Consequently, the derived equations enable the calculation of the impact of adding carbon fiber to concrete.

Building information modeling (BIM) adoption offers significant benefits for construction projects, including enhanced collaboration and legal/contractual management. However, the impacts of BIM deployment on construction contracts and dispute resolution remain unclear. This research analyzed the regulatory and legal implications of BIM adoption in construction industry via a framework evaluating Contractual Frameworks (CF), Dispute Resolution (DR), Legal Awareness (LA), and Risk Management (RM). Fifteen qualitative interviews with construction industry experts provided key insights. The results showed CF, DR, and LA have a large positive impact on BIM adoption, while RM has a smaller effect. Specifically, clearly defined BIM protocols in contracts, efficient dispute resolution mechanisms, and legal knowledge of BIM are essential to ensure effective deployment. These findings imply construction project managers should proactively address contractual and legal factors to manage risks, encourage collaboration, and adhere to regulations when implementing BIM. This research makes a significant contribution by addressing the lack of empirical insights on the contractual and legal aspects of BIM adoption. The qualitative methodology provides in-depth perspectives from experienced industry practitioners. The findings offer valuable insights for stakeholders worldwide seeking to leverage BIM. Further comparative research across regions and industries would continue to advance comprehension of the legal implications of BIM adoption.

Abstract Geo-polymer concrete has a significant influence on the environmental condition and thus its use in the civil industry leads to a decrease in carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. However, problems lie with its mixed design and casting in the field. This study utilizes supervised artificial-based machine learning algorithms (MLAs) to anticipate the mechanical characteristic of fly ash/slag-based geopolymer concrete (FASBGPC) by utilizing AdaBoost and Bagging on MLPNN to make an ensemble model with 156 data points. The data consist of GGBS (kg/m3), Alkaline activator (kg/m3), Fly ash (kg/m3), SP dosage (kg/m3), NaOH Molarity, Aggregate (kg/m3), Temperature (°C) and compressive strength as output parameter. Python programming is utilized in Anaconda Navigator using Spyder version 5.0 to predict the mechanical response. Statistical measures and validation of data are done by splitting the dataset into 80/20 percent and K-Fold CV is employed to check the accurateness of the model by using MAE, RMSE, and R2. Statistical analysis relies on errors, and tests against external indicators help determine how well models function in terms of robustness. The most important factor in compressive strength measurements is examined using permutation characteristics. The result reveals that ANN with AdaBoost is outclassed by giving maximum enhancement with R2 = 0.914 and shows the least error with statistical and external validations. Shapley analysis shows that GGBS, NaOH Molarity, and temperature are the most influential parameter that has significant content in making FASBGPC. Thus, ensemble methods are suitable for constructing prediction models because of their strong and reliable performance. Furthermore, the graphical user interface (GUI) is generated through the process of training a model that forecasts the desired outcome values when the corresponding inputs are provided. It streamlines the process and provides a useful tool for applying the model's abilities in the field of civil engineering.

This study examined the impact of land use changes on land surface temperature in Akure, South-western Nigeria. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used to detect changes that have occurred in land use and its subsequent impact on Land Surface Temperature (LST). The land use types identified were classified using maximum likelihood classification by assigning training samples to the features. The features on the image were grouped into four different classes based on their spectral signatures while the grouping was done for the January images of Landsat 5 (TM), Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS for year 1985, 2000 and 2015 respectively. The four classes used are built-up area, vegetation, bare land surface and wetland/water body. The result showed high land surface temperature mean values corresponding to: built-up area ranging from 25.15 to 29.19oC; vegetation 20.95 to 26.50oC; wetland, 25.08 to 29.83oC and bare land 23.37 to 28.63oC while low LST mean values were observed over vegetative surface with a calculated mean temperature of 20 to 25oC between 1985 and 2015 respectively. The study recommends planting of green cover trees around the cities which could lower both surface and air temperature by providing shade and cooling for the surrounding atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooding disaster is one of the major challenges posing serious threats to the human society. This study assesses residents’ participation in flood risk reduction in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria, with a view to enhancing a better managed urban environment. The study utilized both field observations and questionnaire. A total of 270 pretested structured questionnaires were administered systematically on every 5th household head in the study area to solicit information on their environmental characteristics to compute the Residents’ Satisfaction Index (RSI) on a 5-point Likert scale. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that the RSI for Public Sensitization had the highest mean weighted value of 2.97 while flood dam control had the lowest mean weighted value of 1.02. The results of partial correlation computed revealed that a positive significant correlation existed between residents’ participation and income (r = 0,271, p = 0.000) while a negative significant correlation existed between community participation and length of stay (r = -0.127, p = 0.0046). The study concluded that residents’ environmental attributes and perceived causes of flood disaster were the major determinants of the community participation in flood disaster risk reduction. In addition, there is need for training of residents on afforestation practices to enhance greater community participation in flood disaster risks management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined variability of soil properties under continuous cultivation in the Nigerian Savanna. Bulked soil samples were collected from eight irrigated farm plots and one uncultivated field during both wet season (WS) and dry season (DS) respectively. The samples were analyzed for Sand, silt, clay, bulk density, porosity, moisture content, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, and Na), exchangeable acidity (H+Al), exchangeable cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and base saturation which are the key soil fertility parameters. Percentage equivalence value of soil property was computed by expressing the mean value of each soil property in WS as a percentage of the mean value of the same property over the DS. From the results, the soil textural grades remained loamy in both seasons. The mean values obtained at topsoil during WS and DS are: sand (50.38 & 51.38%), silt (39.63 & 38.63%), clay (10% each), bulk density (1.38 & 1.42), porosity (47.75 & 64.04%), moisture content (0.26 & 0.19cm3), pH (5.7 & 6.03), organic matter (1.62 & 0.62%), total N (0.12 & 0.08%), available phosphorus (58.36 & 48.25mgkg-1), cations [Ca (7.76 & 6.17cmol/kg-1), Mg (1.48 & 1.15cmol/kg-1), K (0.36 & 0.21cmol/kg-1), and Na (0.61 & 0.25cmol/kg-1)], H+Al (0.59 & 0.50cmol/kg-1), ECEC (10.63 & 8.26cmol/kg-1) and base saturation (93 & 92%). These results suggest that land use has both direct and indirect effects on the variability of soil properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Akure became the administrative headquarters of Ondo State, Nigeria in 1976 and since then, it has witnessed rapid developmental changes in terms of physical landscape, city growth and urban sprawl. These agents of Land Use and Land Cover Changes (LULCC) are capable of creating environmental problems such as transportation, land degradation, pollution among others. This study analyses the effects of urban expansion in Akure using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to detect changes that have occurred in land use and land cover from 1985 to 2015; subsequently, the implications on the environment. Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) types were identified in this study and the features were classified using maximum likelihood classification by assigning training samples to the features. The features on the image were grouped into four different classes based on their spectral signatures and the grouping was done for the January images of Landsat 5 (TM), Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS for year 1985, 2000 and 2015 respectively. The four classes used are built-up area, vegetation, bare land and rock outcrops/wet land. The total area covered by each land use class in each year was generated using the field calculator of ArcGIS 10.5. The results showed changes in LULC of Akure. The changes observed in 1985, 2000 and 2015 on the four classes are: built up: 1.51%, 4.92%, 18.27%, vegetation: 81.08%, 70.60%, 56.72%, wetland and water body: 8.87%, 22.66%, 8.52% and bared surface: 8.56%, 1.82% 16.5% respectively. The increase in the built area and its concomitant decrease in the vegetation cover was due to conversion of natural vegetative surfaces to settlements and impervious surfaces. This study calls on the planners, the local and state government to form a basis for better planning and enforcement of the planning code for Akure in order to prevent the haphazard expansion of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising cost of fossil fuels, global warming from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, unreliable grid supply electricity, and overdependence on hydropower electricity have resulted in low electricity per capita in Nigeria. This study was undertaken to produce, purify, and use biogas as a fuel to generate electricity with a 3.5 kW spark-ignition engine generator and determine its effect on GHG emissions, power output, and fuel consumption. Unpurified and purified biogas were used as fuels. The biogas was purified in water and in a calcium chloride solution. The fuels used to power the generator were gasoline, unpurified biogas, water-purified biogas, and calcium chloride-purified biogas. The GHGs measured were carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide. The biogas was produced with a 3 m3 capacity floating-drum biogas plant. The total solids concentration and carbon/nitrogen ratio of the influent and effluent slurries were determined. The effects of fuel type on GHG emissions were determined in a 4 × 4 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The effects of fuel type on power output and fuel consumption of the generator were determined in a 4 × 2 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance at p ≤ 0.05. Duncan's new multiple range test was used to separate means when there was significant difference. The results obtained showed that carbon dioxide emission was not affected by purification of the biogas because the carbon dioxide emissions from the fuel types were not significantly different. The carbon monoxide emission was much higher from the unpurified biogas than from the purified biogas fuels, although gasoline had the highest carbon monoxide emission. The water-purified biogas had the least carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide emissions. The unpurified biogas had the least nitrogen oxide emission compared to the purified biogas fuels and gasoline. The power output from the unpurified biogas was not significantly different from that of gasoline and was higher than the purified biogas fuels. The fuel consumptions of the purified biogas fuels were not significantly different. The water-purified biogas is recommended for use as fuel for the production of electricity from a spark-ignition engine generator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing methods are a vital alternative for regional exploration surveys. Many ore deposits (e.g., epithermal, porphyry-related, volcanogenic massive sulphides, etc.) have distinct distribution patterns of alteration zones that can be used for recognizing this mineralization. Several known goldfields are distributed within the basement rocks of western Nigeria. The area of interest, Malumfashi Schist Belt, is located in North-Western Nigeria and is characterized by gneisses and metasediments that were intruded by Pan-African granitoids. Gold mineralization occurs as veins and veinlets that are associated with hydrothermal alteration zones (i.e., argillic, phyllic, and propylitic). Hence, the discrimination of these alteration zones is one of the key indicators for new prospective zones of gold mineralization in this metallogenic belt. In the present study, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (Landsat-7 ETM+) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data were processed and integrated with the aim to identify possible locations for gold mineralization within the Malumfashi Schist Belt. For this purpose, the band ratio techniques and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to identify, enhance and map the different alteration types, while fractal analysis was utilized to quantify the degree of alteration within each processed image. Using the multi-criteria evaluation method, the discretized images obtained from the fractal analysis were weighted and integrated into an enhanced possible location for gold occurrences. A receiver operating curve/Area under curve analysis was then used to evaluate the reliability of the predictive model. Both spatial and GIS analyses indicate that gold mineralization displays a proximal relationship to hydrothermal alteration data. We can map sets of alteration minerals which mainly represent new and good ore prospects for the investigated area. A sensitivity analysis points out a predictive accuracy of 78%, which suggests the model is capable of predicting gold occurrences within the study region. Besides, the results showed that the prospective zones of gold accumulations mainly occur within metasedimentary units. It is recommended that the studied dataset provide a potential tool for mapping alteration minerals related to gold deposits that can be applied in other regions with analogous geological setting.

Competitive advantage significantly matters for modern construction organizations as it promotes the sustainable development and safety management of projects. UK construction organizations have greatly suffered from a lack of safety and sustainability of project management in infrastructure development projects because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Post-COVID-19 UK infrastructure development projects are uncertain in the context of organizational competitive advantage as they cannot maintain sustainable project management. This study was conducted to identify, rank, and present a framework of factors influencing the competitive advantage of UK organizations. The study design involved identifying factors from the current literature, after which the most relevant factors were filtered with the help of semi-structured interviews with 15 experts. A pilot survey was conducted then, involving 192 respondents, after which a reliability test and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were conducted on the results. A primary questionnaire survey involving 250 respondents was conducted, after which RII and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted on the final data. A total of five subgroups were found to be significant in the CFA, such as Resources and Policies, Quality and Delays, Motivation and Expectation, Management and Environment, and Government and Business. It is recommended based on findings that the construction organizations of the UK have to consider working on identified factors to maintain a competitive advantage in establishing sustainable project management solutions for post-COVID-19 UK infrastructure development projects.

Farm animals harbour bacterial pathogens, which are often viewed as important indicators of animal health and determinants of food safety. To better understand the prevalence and inform treatment, we audited laboratory data at the Bacteriology Laboratory of the NVRI from 2018–2021. Antibiotics were classified into seven basic classes: quinolones, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, nitrofuran, and cephalosporins. Trends were analysed using a generalised linear model with a log link function for the Poisson distribution, comparing proportions between years with an offset to account for the variability in the total number of organisms per year. Avian (73.18%) samples were higher than any other sample. The major isolates identified were Escherichia. coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. We found that antimicrobial resistance to baseline antibiotics increased over the years. Of particular concern was the increasing resistance of Klebsiella spp. to cephalosporins, an important second-generation antibiotic. This finding underscores the importance of farm animals as reservoirs of pathogens harbouring antimicrobial resistance. Effective biosecurity, surveillance, and frugal use of antibiotics in farms are needed because the health of humans and animals is intricately connected.

Accurate multistep multi-derivative collocation methods are derived for the numerical integration of chaotic systems. These methods have high order of accuracy, with A-stable regions of absolute stability. Although the calculation of the third derivative terms in the methods is relatively high compared to the first and second derivative terms, the advantage gained makes them suitable for solving chaotic system of equations with large eigenvalues. The stability characteristic properties and order of accuracy of the methods are studied. Figurative comparisons of the solution curves obtained are in good agreement with the exact solutions which demonstrate practically the effectiveness of the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]