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Taiju Miyagami,1 Satoshi Teranaka,2 Yuichiro Mine,1 Tomohiro Matsumoto,3 Yuki Yoshimatsu,4,5 Shinichi Matsumoto,6 Kohei Yamaguchi,7 Toru Morikawa8,9 1Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, Tochigi, Japan; 3Division of General Medicine, Nerima Hikarigaoka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; 4Elderly Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, London, UK; 5Centre for Exercise Activity and Rehabilitation, School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK; 6Yushoukai Home Care Clinic Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; 8Department of General Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan; 9Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, JapanCorrespondence: Taiju Miyagami, Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan, Tel +81-3-3813-3111, Fax +81-3-5802-1190, Email tmiyaga@juntendo.ac.jpAbstract: This opinion paper addresses the challenges and future directions for preventing aspiration pneumonia in Japan’s rapidly aging population. It highlights the increasing proportion of elderly individuals and the associated rise in health issues like decreased swallowing function, a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia. The paper emphasizes the effectiveness of dentist-provided oral care in preventing this condition but notes the lack of collaboration between dentists and physicians in Japan’s clinical practice. Key challenges identified include the scarcity of full-time hospital dentists, insufficient communication between physicians and dentists, limited patient understanding and motivation regarding oral care, and a lack of training in geriatric dentistry. The paper advocates for enhanced awareness among healthcare professionals and patients, increased hospital dentists, and improved collaboration mechanisms, particularly in light of recent positive changes in insurance reimbursement policies for elderly oral care.Keywords: dentist, aging, aspiration pneumonia, oral care

Atsushi Kimura,1 Kohei Yamaguchi,2 Haruka Tohara,2 Yusuke Sato,3 Naoko Sawada,3 Yasuhide Nakagawa,3 Yukako Matsuda,4,5 Motoharu Inoue,5 Yuji Wada,6 Kazuhiro Tamaki3,4 1College of Risk Management, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan; 2Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; 3Geriatric Health Services Facility Nanohana, Medical Corporation Kanjinkai, Tokyo, Japan; 4Nanohana Dentistry Clinic, Medical Corporation Kanjinkai, Tokyo, Japan; 5Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan; 6College of Gastronomy Management, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, JapanCorrespondence: Atsushi Kimura, College of Risk Management, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 1548513, Japan, Tel +81 3 6453 1600, Fax +81 3 6453 1630, Email kimura.atsushi@nihon-u.ac.jp Kazuhiro Tamaki, Geriatric Health Services Facility Nanohana, Medical Corporation Kanjinkai, Nishitama-Gun, Tokyo, 1901212, Japan, Tel +81 42 568 5111, Fax +81 42 568 5127, Email tamakikazuhiro@g.kanjinkai.netPurpose: Past research has shown that exposure to the image of a slim person reduces food consumption among young adults. However, it remains unknown whether this paradigm could be adapted and applied to increase food intake among older adults with dementia by exposing them to the image of a higher-weight person to mitigate weight loss and malnutrition. The present study explored whether weight-related visual cues affect the amount of food consumed by older adults with dementia.Participants and Methods: In the experiment, twenty-one elderly people with dementia living in a nursing home were visually exposed to one of four conditions (a cartoon image of a normal-weight chef, a higher-weight chef, a flower or no image) during real-life daily lunch situations over the course of four weeks, during which each condition was presented for one week.Results: Results demonstrate that participants finished their meals more frequently when they were exposed to the image of the higher-weight chef than when they were not exposed to any images.Conclusion: These results suggest that exposure to a cartoon chef character representing a stereotyped social group related to body weight activates the stereotype and increases stereotype-consistent behavior in older adults with dementia. The present findings will contribute to understanding the effect of visual information on eating behavior and to designing eating environments which facilitate sufficient nutrition intake among older adults with dementia.Keywords: nudge, body weight, dementia, food consumption, dining environment

Kazuharu Nakagawa, Kanako Yoshimi, Akira Yoshizawa, Kota Aritaki, Kohei Yamaguchi, Ayako Nakane, Haruka Tohara Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Division of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, JapanCorrespondence: Kanako Yoshimi, Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Division of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan, Tel/Fax +81 3-5803-5560, Email k.yoshimi.gerd@tmd.ac.jpPurpose: Oral rehydration solutions (ORSs) are effective in replacing fluids and electrolytes and are widely used. OS-1 Jelly (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Tokushima, Japan) is a jelly drink corresponding to code 2-1 of the 2021 Japanese Dysphagia Diet. Although jelly drinks are less likely to be aspirated than liquids, their physical properties vary depending on the product. Therefore, the severity of dysphagia may affect intake status. This study aimed to investigate the association between the intake status of ORS jelly and swallowing function.Patients and Methods: Thirty-six patients with dysphagia who required videoendoscopic swallowing evaluation at our university hospital were enrolled. Videoendoscopic swallowing evaluation was performed, and each participant swallowed 5 mL of OS-1 Jelly or thickened water modified to International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) level 2 three times. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the difference in the number of swallows, time until the swallowing reflex, position for inducing the swallowing reflex, presence of pharyngeal residue, penetration, or aspiration between ORS jelly and thickened water.Results: The time until the swallowing reflex was induced and the position of the swallowing reflex triggered were significantly earlier for ORS jelly (p=0.012, p=0.001). The incidence of pharyngeal residue was significantly lower with ORS jelly (p=0.002). The Penetration-Aspiration Scale score was similar for both samples (p=0.062), and no aspiration was observed in either sample.Conclusion: Patients with dysphagia who can swallow thickened water modified to IDDSI level 2 can consume ORS jelly. ORS jelly, which requires no thickening and can be easily and safely consumed, is effective for water and electrolyte intake in patients with dysphagia.Keywords: oral rehydration solutions, swallowing function, fluid intake, electrolyte supply

Yu Nakanishi,1 Hiroshi Iwamoto,1 Shintaro Miyamoto,1 Satoshi Nakao,1 Naoko Higaki,1 Kakuhiro Yamaguchi,1 Shinjiro Sakamoto,1 Yasushi Horimasu,1 Takeshi Masuda,1 Naoko Matsumoto,2 Taku Nakashima,1 Yojiro Onari,3 Kazunori Fujitaka,1 Yoshinori Haruta,4 Hironobu Hamada,5 Soichiro Hozawa,6 Noboru Hattori1 1Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; 3Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Mazda Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; 4Haruta Respiratory Clinic, Hiroshima, Japan; 5Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; 6Hiroshima Allergy and Respiratory Clinic, Hiroshima, JapanCorrespondence: Hiroshi Iwamoto, Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan, Tel +81-82-257-5196, Email iwamotohiroshig@gmail.comPurpose: Asthma guidelines recommend considering the patient preference to optimize medication choices. Patient preference for inhaler medication may affect asthma outcomes, but evidence regarding this is lacking. This study investigated the associations between patient preference for inhaler medications and asthma outcomes.Patients and Methods: A multicenter questionnaire survey was conducted among 351 adult patients with asthma treated with regular inhaled corticosteroids. Agreement between patients’ preferences and current medication was evaluated using two questions: matched preference was defined as patients answering that the current inhaler medication was the most preferred treatment and they were satisfied with it. Mismatched preference was defined as when patients reported that the current inhaler medication was not the most preferred treatment and/or they were not satisfied with it. We investigated the factors associated with patient preference for asthma inhaler medications.Results: In total, 269 (76.6%) patients were classified into the matched preference group and 82 (23.4%) patients into the mismatched preference group. Multivariate analyses showed that matched preference was independently associated with higher asthma control test scores (P< 0.001), fewer exacerbations (P=0.009), less regular oral corticosteroid use (P=0.009), and better inhaler adherence (P=0.006) than the mismatched preference group. In subgroup analysis, younger age was associated with matched preference in patients using dry powder inhalers but not in those using pressurized metered dose inhalers.Conclusion: The use of preference-matched inhaler medication was associated with better asthma outcomes. Evaluation of patients’ preference for inhaler medication might provide useful information for individualized treatment with asthma inhaler medications.Keywords: patient preference, asthma control, inhaled corticosteroids, inhaler adherence, shared decision-making

Asami Nagaoka-Takatori,1 Madoka Ishii,1 Koremasa Hayama,1 Daisuke Obinata,2 Kenya Yamaguchi,2 Satoru Takahashi,2 Hideki Fujita1 1Division of Cutaneous Science, Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan; 2Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, JapanCorrespondence: Hideki FujitaDivision of Cutaneous Science, Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, JapanTel +81-3-3972-8111 (ext. 2502)Fax +81-3-5995-9841Email fujita.hideki@nihon-u.ac.jpAbstract: A 50-year-old Japanese woman presented with a 4-day history of multiple purpura on her extremities and myalgia. She had been receiving nivolumab therapy for stage IV renal cell carcinoma for 18 months. Nivolumab was temporarily discontinued due to liver dysfunction and resumed 3 months before. Biopsy specimen revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and direct immunofluorescence showed deposition of IgA and C3 in the vessel walls of the upper dermis. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of IgA vasculitis was made. She was treated with 20 mg/day of oral prednisolone, which resulted in the complete disappearance of purpura and myalgia. Although the patient needed temporary cessation of nivolumab therapy, she experienced no recurrence of purpura or myalgia, and the dose of prednisolone was gradually tapered to 5 mg/day. Although nivolumab can lead to various immune-related adverse events, vasculitis is rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of IgA vasculitis during nivolumab therapy.Keywords: immune checkpoint inhibitors, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, PD-1, purpura

Yoshiko Hara,1 Ayako Nakane,2 Haruka Tohara,2 Kazumasa Kubota,1 Kazuharu Nakagawa,2 Koji Hara,2 Kohei Yamaguchi,2 Kanako Yoshimi,2 Shunsuke Minakuchi1 1Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Division of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; 2Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Division of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, JapanCorrespondence: Ayako NakaneDepartment of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Division of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, JapanTel/Fax +81-3-5803-5562Email fujigerd@tmd.ac.jpPurpose: We aimed to determine the efficacy of interferential current transcutaneous electrical sensory stimulation (IFC-TESS) in patients with dementia who were being treated for dysphagia in nursing homes under normal living conditions.Patients and Methods: This study recruited 54 nursing home residents (13 males, 41 females; mean age, 84.5 ± 10.7 years) with dysphagia and dementia. IFC-TESS was performed with Gentle Stim® (Careido Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan) for 15 minutes. Two sessions per day were administered 5 days per week, for 3 weeks. The outcomes included the improvement of the patients’ cough reflexes and nutritional states across the 3 weeks of intervention; the former was evaluated with the cough test based on the changes in cough latency time and cough frequency, while the latter was assessed based on changes in the functional oral intake scale (FOIS) score and oral calorie intake.Results: The cough latency times before and after the 3-week intervention were 15.8 (7.0– 60.0) and 6.7 (3.6– 30.7) s/min, respectively; the cough frequencies were 5.0 (0.0– 5.0) and 5.0 (5.0– 5.0) t/min, respectively; the FOIS scores were 5.0 (5.0– 6.0) and 5.0 (5.0– 6.0), respectively; and oral calorie intakes were 1300.0 (862.5– 1420.0) and 1300.0 (1005.0– 1462.5) kcal/day, respectively. All parameters significantly improved across the intervention (p < 0.05). When the results were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, mini nutritional assessment results, Barthel index, and mini-mental state examination scores, IFC-TESS improved the cough reflex and oral calorie intake in older nursing home residents with dementia.Conclusion: Cervical IFC-TESS can improve the cough reflexes and nutritional states of patients with dysphagia and dementia in nursing homes. As it has previously been difficult to perform active rehabilitation with dementia patients, IFC-TESS may be effective and practicable for the rehabilitation of this patient population.Keywords: cough frequency, cough latency time, FOIS, IFC-TESS, oral calorie intake

Ayana Goto, Nobuhisa Matsuhashi, Takao Takahashi, Toshiyuki Tanahashi, Satoshi Matsui, Hisashi Imai, Yoshihiro Tanaka, Kazuya Yamaguchi, Kazuhiro Yoshida Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu City 501-1194, JapanCorrespondence: Nobuhisa MatsuhashiDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1194, JapanTel +81-58-230-6233Fax +81-58-230-1074Email nobuhisa517@hotmail.comIntroduction: The abdominal desmoid tumor shows invasive development and high local recurrence rate. The primary treatment method is complete removal of the tumor because of the high recurrence rate; however, the problem for the surgeon is the reconstruction of the abdominal wall after resection of the abdominal desmoid tumor.Case Presentation: A 63-year-old man underwent open drainage and ileostomy for the perforation of ileocecal tumor. After 3 months, he underwent right hemicolectomy and ileostomy closure. Pathological examination revealed no malignancy, and the ileocecal tumor showed the presence of abscess. He noticed a palpable mass in the left abdomen. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a large abdominal incisional hernia and an enhanced mass of 40 mm in the left rectus muscle. Needle biopsy was performed and the diagnosis was desmoid tumor. He underwent resection of the desmoid tumor and repair of hernia. We performed wide local resection, with a 2-cm surgical margin. The hernia was repaired by simple closure, and the defect in the left abdomen was repaired with reconstruction using the fascia lata patch through plastic surgery.Conclusion: We encountered a case of abdominal wall desmoid tumor combined with a large abdominal incisional hernia. We selected the use of autologous fascia based on the risk of recurrence. The patient has not shown recurrence of incisional hernia or desmoid tumor 22 months after surgery. The use of fascia lata patch can be considered as a satisfactory alternative for such reconstruction cases.Keywords: abdominal desmoid tumor, incisional hernia, abdominal wall reconstruction, autologous fascia

Atsushi Kimura,1 Kohei Yamaguchi,2,3 Haruka Tohara,3 Yusuke Sato,4 Naoko Sawada,4 Yasuhide Nakagawa,4 Yukako Matsuda,2,5 Motoharu Inoue,2,5 Kazuhiro Tamaki2,4 1College of Risk Management, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan; 2Dentistry Nanohana Clinic, Medical Corporation Kanjinkai, Nishitama-gun, Tokyo, Japan; 3Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; 4Geriatric Health Services Facility Nanohana, Medical Corporation Kanjinkai, Nishitama-gun, Tokyo, Japan; 5Department of Dysphasia Rehabilitation, Nihon University of Dentistry, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, JapanCorrespondence: Atsushi KimuraCollege of Risk Management, Nihon University, 3-34-1 Shimouma, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-8513, JapanTel +81 3 6453 1600Fax +81 3 6453 1630Email kimura.atsushi@nihon-u.ac.jpKazuhiro TamakiGeriatric Health Services Facility Nanohana, Medical Corporation Kanjinkai, 454 Tonogaya, Mizuho-machi, Nishitama-gun, Tokyo 190-1212, JapanTel +81 42 568 5111Fax +81 42 568 5127Email tamakikazuhiro@g.kanjinkai.netPurpose: The previous study demonstrated that the addition of a sauce is an effective means of influencing the consumption of finger foods among French elderly people with dementia. However, it is unclear the relative importance of low-level sensory factors such as flavor and a semi-solid nature and high-level cognitive factors such as memory stimulation and familiarity to the effect of the addition of sauce on food intake. The present study investigated whether the addition of sauce affects finger-snack intake among Japanese elderly people with dementia who were not familiar with sauce dipping.Patients And Methods: A total of 21 patients with dementia who were recruited in a nursing home in Tokyo received a plate of cut baumkuchen (a very thinly layered German roll cake), which had pieces of baumkuchen both with and without sauce, at their afternoon snack time. The amount of food intake and the first choice between options were measured for each participant. We used chocolate (in Experiment 1, n = 21) and agave (Experiment 2, n =14) syrups as sauce samples.Results: Results of both experiments demonstrate that snack consumption was greater for the with-sauce options than for the without-sauce options. A 90.5% of the participants in Experiment 1 and 64.3% of participants in Experiment 2 ate more snacks with sauce than without sauce.Conclusion: These findings imply that low-level sensory factors such as flavor and a semi-solid nature contribute relatively more strongly to the enhancement of food consumption with the addition of sauce than do high-level cognitive factors such as memory stimulation and familiarity, because Japanese elderly people are not always familiar with the custom of wiping up the sauce with food.Keywords: food consumption, dementia, under nutrition, food improvement, sauce

Kazuyoshi Kawakami,1 Takeru Wakatsuki,2 Azusa Soejima,1 Kazuo Kobayashi,1 Takashi Yokokawa,1 Takeshi Aoyama,1 Kenichi Suzuki,1 Mitsukuni Suenaga,2 Kensei Yamaguchi,2 Ayaka Inoue,3 Yoshiaki Machida,3 Toshihiro Hama1 1Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-Ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; 2Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-Ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; 3Section for Practical Education, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 142-8501, JapanCorrespondence: Kazuyoshi KawakamiThe Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute Hospital, Depatment of Pharmacy, 3-8-31 Ariake Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, JapanEmail kazu.kawakami@jfcr.or.jpIntroduction: Regorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The clinical factors that may affect adherence to regorafenib remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to regorafenib with mCRC and to identify factors that might affect adherence to regorafenib.Methods: A total of 108 consecutively enrolled Japanese patients with mCRC received regorafenib. Adherence was measured by pharmacists using pill counts and a self-reported treatment diary for patients at a pharmaceutical outpatient clinic. The median relative dose intensities of regorafenib and the factors adversely affecting adherence were retrospectively surveyed. Logistic regression analysis was then performed using patient socio-demographic factors and clinical factors.Results: A total of 96 patients were included in the analysis. The median adherence rate was 61.7% in the first cycle. The median relative dose intensity was 57.1%. The most common reason for non-adherence was a hand-foot-skin reaction (35.6%). On multivariate analysis, increased non-adherence to regorafenib was significantly associated with sex (female) [odds ratio (OR) = 4.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43–13.22, p = 0.01].Discussion: Hand-foot-skin reactions and female sex were associated with lower adherence to regorafenib. Since these factors could be associated with lower adherence to regorafenib, it would be useful to consider these factors when assessing adherence.Keywords: adherence, regorafenib, colorectal cancer, hand-foot-skin reactions

Hiroyoshi Taketani,1,* Taichiro Nishikawa,1,* Hisakazu Nakajima,2 Kazuki Kodo,2 Satoru Sugimoto,2 Wataru Aoi,3 Shin-ichi Horike,4 Makiko Meguro-Horike,4 Hiroshi Ishiba,1 Yuya Seko,1 Atsushi Umemura,1 Kanji Yamaguchi,1 Michihisa Moriguchi,1 Kohichiroh Yasui,1 Yoshito Itoh11Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; 3Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan; 4Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Taichiro NishikawaKyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachidouri Hirokouji Agaru, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, JapanTel +81 75 251 5519Fax +81 75 251 1017Email taichi@koto.kpu-m.ac.jpBackground and aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and its progression is associated with aging-associated impairment in metabolic homeostasis. Recently, energy metabolism in adipose tissue has been the subject of renewed interest, because significant energy expenditure can be induced in cells derived from white adipose tissue progenitors, in addition to brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here we evaluated whether aging-associated change in various adipose tissue depots affects the progression of NAFLD.Methods: Six-week-old male C57BL/6NCrSlc mice were fed control chow (C) or high-fat diet (60% fat; HF) for 12 or 24 weeks (12w/C, 12w/HF, 24w/C and 24w/HF groups, respectively) or switched from C to HF diet at 18 weeks of age (24w/C/HF group) and fed for a further 24 weeks. Some 24w/HF mice received a subcutaneous transplantation of adipose progenitors (106, cells/mouse) from young donor mice. Basal energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, and liver and adipose tissue histology were then evaluated. In addition, features of senescence and the capacity of adipose progenitors to “brown” were compared in mice of various ages.Results: 12w/HF mice demonstrated compensation in the forms of hypertrophy of interscapular classical BAT and the appearance of subcutaneous beige adipocytes, consistent with improved metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, 24w/HF and 24w/C/HF mice developed obesity, glucose intolerance, and severe NAFLD, with accelerated senescence and loss of adipose progenitors in subcutaneous fat tissues. Recruitment of adipose progenitors ameliorated these findings in 24w/HF mice.Conclusion: Impaired metabolic compensation in adipose tissue resulted in the progression of NAFLD, which was associated with aging-related deterioration in adipose progenitors. A new approach targeting adipose tissue progenitors might represent a potential strategy for the prevention of NAFLD.Keywords: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, scenescence, brown adipocyte, mesenchymal stem cells, cell transplantation