Search

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Fiber type composition of myotubes resulting from the in vitro differentiation of PSC-derived iPax3/iPax7 myogenic progenitors and adult satellite cells. Representative images show immunofluorescence staining for pan, embryonic, type I and IIA MyHC isoforms (red) in myotubes resulting from the in vitro differentiation of iPax3 and iPax7 PSC-derived myogenic progenitors, as well as adult satellite cells (adult). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Magnification bar: 100 μm. Figure S2. Characterization of fiber type composition. a) Graph shows the ratio of oxidative DYS+MyHC+ type I and type IIA over glycolytic type IIX and IIB myofibers following the transplantation with iPax3 and iPax7 myogenic progenitors, and adult satellite cells. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 7-8 per group). **p < 0.01. b) Graph bars show percentage of DYS+MyHC+ double positive with respect to total DYS+ in TA muscles transplanted with satellite cells isolated from TA or soleus muscles. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 4 per group) and no statistically significant differences were observed among groups. c) Representative images show staining for embryonic MyHC (red) and dystrophin (green) in TA muscles from NSGmdx4cv mice that had been injected with iPax3 or iPax7 myogenic progenitors. Adult satellite cells served as control. Magnification bar: 100 μm. d) Graph shows respective quantification (panel c), as indicated by the number of DYS+MyHC+ double positive with respect to total DYS+. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 6-8 per group). *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001. d) Quantification of CSA (μm2) of grafts from indicated groups. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 4-5 per group). *p < 0.05. Figure S3. Characterization of fiber type composition following the transplantation of embryonic, fetal, and neonatal primary cells. a) Representative images show staining for MyHC isoforms (red) and dystrophin (green). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Magnification bar: 100 μm. b) Percentage quantification of DYS+MyHC+ double positive with respect to total donor-derived DYS+ myofibers. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 4-5 per group) **p < 0.01. Figure S4. Characterization of fiber type composition based on recipient genetic background. a) Representative images show staining for type I MyHC (red) and Laminin (green) in TA muscles from dystrophic NSGmdx4cv and NSG mice. b) Graph shows respective quantification (panel a), as indicated by the number of MyHC+ myofibers in TA muscles from dystrophic NSGmdx4cv and NSG mice. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 6 per group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. c) Graph bar shows percentage of MyHC+ donor-derived myofibers from Fig. 2a in comparison to iPax3 and iPax7 samples from Fig. 1b. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 6-8 per group), and no statistically significant differences were observed among groups. Figure S5. Characterization of fiber types from secondary grafts. a) Representative image shows staining for embryonic MyHC (red) and dystrophin (green) in TA muscles of secondary recipients that had been injected with iPax3-derived MNCs. Magnification bar: 100 μm. b) Graph shows respective quantification (panel a), as indicated by the number of DYS+MyHC+ double positive with respect to total DYS+ myofibers of secondary grafts (iPax3 MNCs) in comparison to primary-injected TAs (iPax3). Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 4 per group). **p < 0.01.

A novel form of depression, called “modern type depression” (MTD), has been increasing in prevalence in Japan. Patients with MTD present with an overt appeal of depressive mood and a desire to be excused from their work duties; as such, this can cause considerable trouble in the workplace. Psychosocial interventions should be primarily considered for the treatment of MTD. Interpersonal counseling (IPC), which has proven effective for treating subthreshold depression, may be effective for MTD. However, IPC is rarely done in Japan. Herein, we report on a successful case of IPC for a woman in her thirties who was about to quit her job due to MTD (diagnosed by the criteria for research use). After IPC, the patient enjoyed good communication with her boss and continued her job without succumbing to her depression. This case suggests that IPC may be effective for MTD in workers and further highlights the benefits of teaching interpersonal communication methods in the workplace.

Several studies have proven the effectiveness of psychoeducation in bipolar II disorder patients; however, simpler psychoeducation is needed in daily medical practice. Therefore, we devised a simple individual psychoeducation program, which involved 20-minute sessions spent reading a textbook aloud in the waiting time before examination. Here, we report a successful case of simple individual psychoeducation with a patient with bipolar II disorder, a 64-year-old woman who had misconceptions surrounding her mood due to 24 years of treatment for depression. Her perception of mood state, particularly mixed state, was dramatically changed, and her quality of life was improved after the simple individual psychoeducation. This case suggests that the simple individual psychoeducation could be effective for bipolar II disorder by improving understanding of the disease and by meeting different individual needs.