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The release of organic compounds in the aquatic environment, resulting from different human activities, is a serious hazard due to the toxic, hydrophobic and persistent nature of these compounds. Removing organic contaminants from aquatic systems is vital and is one of the major topics of research in the arena of environmental science. Pesticides, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, petroleum hydrocarbons are the organic pollutants which are considered to be the emerging contaminants of concern. Phytoremediation is a process of contaminant removal using plants, to clean up surface waters, groundwaters, sediments and soils. Phytoremediation of organic contaminants can occur through plant uptake, plant enzymes or exudates, or by the contribution of rhizosphere and endophytic organisms. Of all these, endophytic bacteria play a major role in contaminant removal. Endophytic bacteria occupy the interior tissues of plant without instigating adverse outcome or pathogenicity to their host. The endophytic bacteria exhibiting contaminant degradation and growth-promoting activities in plants are meant for better phytoremediation. Also, recently wetlands have been anticipated as places for phytoremediation of contaminants. This review summarizes the activity and ability of endophytic bacteria of wetland plants to augment the competent process of phytoremediation of organic contaminants in water and discusses the mechanism followed by endophytic bacteria to enhance phytoremediation of organic contaminants. Understanding the mechanisms behind endophytic bacteria and wetland plant interaction is necessary to meet the complete biotechnological know-how of bacterial–plant associations for various uses.

Water is a scarce resource in this millennium, especially clean water. Reverse osmosis (RO) technology is widely applied to achieve this goal. But, reverse osmosis waste water (ROWW) cannot be further utilized, due to the presence of a high concentration of salts, heavy metals, and pollutants of feed water. The solution to this problem may lie in employing plants for this very purpose that is phytoremediation. Phytoremediation converts this waste water into usable water with the help of plants. This is an eco-friendly technique that decontaminates the waste water in a very economical way. This mini-review thus, emphasizes on quality improvement of RO waste water through plant-based techniques with a special focus on recent studies carried out in this area. Keywords: Phytodegradation, Phytoextraction, Phytoremediation, Phytovolatilization, Reverse osmosis (RO), Reverse osmosis waste water (ROWW), Rhizodegradation.

Nanomaterials in biology is a versatile tool for enhancing plant growth and development, and yield. Nanotechnology facilitates improvement in agricultural production by amplifying the input efficiency and reducing relevant losses. Nanomaterials provide wider and specific surface area to agrochemicals and act as inimitable carriers to enhance nutrient bioavailability and accumulation of nutrient elements in crop plants. Nanomaterials can also be used for the crop protection. For this purpose, an inclusive understanding of nanotechnology practices and the effect of nanomaterials on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular level are needed. Nanotechnology can also be helpful to plant growth through technological interventions like nanosensors and nanofilters, to help monitor and manage the crop growth and development. The synthesis of nanoparticles can be based on chemical methods and can also be achieved through green plant-based methods. This review summarizes the utilization of plants for nanoparticle synthesis through green methods, effects of nanoparticles on growth and development of plant, and the applications of nanoparticles as fertilizers, pest control agents and in post-harvest processing of crop produce. The review also addresses various physical aspects of nanotechnology i.e., nanosensors, nanofiltration, diligence farming, and fabricated nanoparticles.