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Objective: Explored the composition and content of phenolic compounds in tartary buckwheat wine lees, and study their antioxidant activity. Methods: Phenolic compounds in tartary buckwheat wine lees were analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS. And evaluating its antioxidant activity. Results: 7 phenolic compounds were identified from tartary buckwheat wine lees, including 5 flavonoids, with the highest content of rutin of （9.350±0.050） mg/g, followed by quercetin, isoquercetin, kaempferol-3-o-rutoside and kaempferol of two phenolic compounds. At 0.5 mg/mL, the scavenging rates of hydroxyl free radical, ABTS+ and DPPH free radical reached （73.29±0.09）%, （96.21±0.25）% and （82.55±0.68）%, respectively, with FRAP value of （2.49±0.09） mmol/L. Conclusion: The fermented tartary buckwheat lees are rich in phenolic compounds, and the lees extracts has certain antioxidant activity. In addition, at low concentration, the tartary buckwheat wine lees also showes good scavenging effects on hydroxyl radical and ABTS+ radical.

Mulberry is a common crop rich in flavonoids, and its leaves (ML), fruits (M), and branches (Ramulus Mori, RM) have medicinal value. In the present study, a total of 118 flavonoid metabolites (47 flavone, 23 flavonol, 16 flavonoid, 8 anthocyanins, 8 isoflavone, 14 flavanone, and 2 proanthocyanidins) and 12 polyphenols were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The most abundant in ML were 8-C-hexosyl-hesperetin O-hexoside and astragalin, the most abundant in M were 8-C-hexosyl-hesperetin O-hexoside and naringenin, and the most abundant in RM were cyanidin 3-O-galactoside and gallocatechin–gallocatechin. The total flavonoid compositions of ML and RM were essentially the same, but the contents of flavonoid metabolite in more than half of them were higher than those in M. Compared with ML, the contents of flavone and flavonoid in RM and M were generally down-regulated. Each tissue part had a unique flavonoid, which could be used as a marker to distinguish different tissue parts. In this study, the differences between flavonoid metabolite among RM, ML, and M were studied, which provided a theoretical basis for making full use of mulberry resources.

GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15), also known as macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1), is a circulating protein involved in the regulation of energy balance and weight control. Elevated levels of GDF15 have been associated with cachexia and reduced survival rates in cancer patients. Through the activation of the GFRAL (GDNF-family receptor α-like)-RET (Rearranged during Transfection) signaling pathway, GDF15 can induce weight loss, making it a potential target for treating cachexia. Currently, there are no approved antibody drugs specifically targeting GDF15 for cancer cachexia treatment. However, efforts have been made to develop antibody-based therapeutics against this emerging target. In this study, we generated a monoclonal antibody KY-NAb-GDF15 against GDF15 that effectively blocks downstream signaling mediated by GFRAL upon stimulation by GDF15. This antibody demonstrates robust neutralizing activity and exhibits high binding specificity. Importantly, our findings indicate that this antibody holds promise in alleviating cancer-induced cachexia and mitigating chemotherapy-induced weight loss, thereby offering significant therapeutic potential for managing cancer cachexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With its annually increasing prevalence, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a serious threat to people's life and health. After a preliminary research, we found that Lactucopicrin has pharmacological effects, such as lowering blood lipids and protecting the liver. Further research showed its significant activation for fatty acid β‐oxidase hydroxyacyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha (HADHA), so we hypothesized that Lactucopicrin could ameliorate lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by promoting fatty acid β‐oxidation. In this study, free fatty acid (FFA)‐induced human hepatoblastoma cancer cells (HepG2) were used to establish an in vitro NAFLD model to investigate the molecular basis of Lactucopicrin in regulating lipid metabolism. Staining with Oil red O and measurements of triglyceride (TG) content, fatty acid β‐oxidase (FaβO) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, mitochondrial membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were used to assess the extent to which Lactucopicrin ameliorates lipid accumulation and promotes fatty acid β‐oxidation. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot methods were used to explore the regulatory effects of Lactucopicrin on factors related to fatty acid β‐oxidation. Results showed that Lactucopicrin downregulated phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (P‐mTOR) by activating the adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and upregulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels of coactivators (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC1α)), transcription factors (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ)), and oxidative factors (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and HADHA). This phenomenon resulted in a significant increase in FaβO activity, ATP content, and JC‐1 and a significant decrease in ROS level, TG content, and intracellular lipid droplets. With the addition of Dorsomorphin, all the effects of Lactucopicrin intervention were suppressed. In summary, Lactucopicrin promotes fatty acid β‐oxidation by activating the AMPK pathway, thereby ameliorating FFA‐induced intracellular lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-component physical organogel was produced by interactions of 6-deoxy-6-amono-β-cyclodextrin (β-[CDNH.sub.2]) and poly(acrylic acid). The microstructure and morphology of the gels wee characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was reveals that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the molecules of β-CDN[N.sub.2] and the electrostatic interaction between the carboxyl groups of PAA and amino group of β-[CDNH.sub.2] were the main driving forces for the formation and maintenance of the network structures of the gel. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 49:99-103, 2009. [C] 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers, INTRODUCTION In the past 10 years, supramolecular hydrogels resulting from the inclusion complexation of cyclodextrins (CDs) with other polymers have attracted much attention because of their potential applications in materials [...]