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3. Fluorescent probes for targeting the Golgi apparatus: design strategies and applications.

Author

Xu, Silin, Yan, Kai-Cheng, Xu, Zhi-Hong, Wang, Yuan, and James, Tony D.

Subjects
*GOLGI apparatus, *FLUORESCENT probes, *ENDOPLASMIC reticulum, *CELL cycle, *EUKARYOTIC cells, *LYSOSOMES, *MOLECULAR probes, *SPATIAL ability in children
Abstract

The Golgi apparatus is an essential organelle constructed by the stacking of flattened vesicles, that is widely distributed in eukaryotic cells and is dynamically regulated during cell cycles. It is a central station which is responsible for collecting, processing, sorting, transporting, and secreting some important proteins/enzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum to intra- and extra-cellular destinations. Golgi-specific fluorescent probes provide powerful non-invasive tools for the real-time and in situ visualization of the temporal and spatial fluctuations of bioactive species. Over recent years, more and more Golgi-targeting probes have been developed, which are essential for the evaluation of diseases including cancer. However, when compared with systems that target other important organelles (e.g. lysosomes and mitochondria), Golgi-targeting strategies are still in their infancy, therefore it is important to develop more Golgi-targeting probes. This review systematically summarizes the currently reported Golgi-specific fluorescent probes, and highlights the design strategies, mechanisms, and biological uses of these probes, we have structured the review based on the different targeting groups. In addition, we highlight the future challenges and opportunities in the development of Golgi-specific imaging agents and therapeutic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. A TCF-based fluorescent probe to determine nitroreductase (NTR) activity for a broad-spectrum of bacterial species.

Author

Yan, Kai-Cheng, Gardiner, Jordan E., Sedgwick, Adam C., Thet, Naing, Heylen, Rachel A., James, Tony D., Jenkins, A. Toby A., and He, Xiao-Peng

Subjects
*FLUORESCENT probes, *BACTERIAL growth, *SPECIES, *BIOFILMS
Abstract

A nitroreductase (NTR) responsive fluorescent probe with long wavelength fluorescence emission was used to determine the NTR activity of a selection of bacterial species under a range of different bacterial growth conditions ensuring applicability under multiple complex clinical environments, where sensitivity, reaction time, and the detection accuracy were suitable for planktonic cultures and biofilms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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8. Metabolically Specific In Situ Fluorescent Visualization of Bacterial Infection on Wound Tissues

Author

Zhong, Chen-Jian, primary, Hu, Xi-Le, additional, Yang, Xiao-Lan, additional, Gan, Hui-Qi, additional, Yan, Kai-Cheng, additional, Shu, Fu-Ting, additional, Wei, Pei, additional, Gong, Teng, additional, Luo, Peng-Fei, additional, James, Tony D., additional, Chen, Zhao-Hong, additional, Zheng, Yong-Jun, additional, He, Xiao-Peng, additional, and Xia, Zhao-Fan, additional

Published
2022
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9. Tuning the Solid- and Solution-State Fluorescence of the Iron-Chelator Deferasirox

Author

Hu, Xi-Le, primary, Sedgwick, Adam C., additional, Mangel, Daniel N., additional, Shang, Ying, additional, Steinbrueck, Axel, additional, Yan, Kai-Cheng, additional, Zhu, Ling, additional, Snelson, Dylan W., additional, Sen, Sajal, additional, Chau, Calvin V., additional, Juarez, Gabriel, additional, Lynch, Vincent M., additional, He, Xiao-Peng, additional, and Sessler, Jonathan L., additional

Published
2022
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11. The Evaluation of Ester Functionalised TCF‐Based Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Bacterial Species

Author

Gwynne, Lauren, primary, Williams, George T., additional, Yan, Kai‐Cheng, additional, Gardiner, Jordan E., additional, Hilton, Kira L. F., additional, Patenall, Bethany L., additional, Hiscock, Jennifer R., additional, Maillard, Jean‐Yves, additional, He, Xiao‐Peng, additional, James, Tony D., additional, Sedgwick, Adam C., additional, and Jenkins, A. Toby A., additional

Published
2021
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12. Deferasirox (ExJade): An FDA-Approved AIEgen Platform with Unique Photophysical Properties

Author

Sedgwick, Adam C., primary, Yan, Kai-Cheng, additional, Mangel, Daniel N., additional, Shang, Ying, additional, Steinbrueck, Axel, additional, Han, Hai-Hao, additional, Brewster, James T., additional, Hu, Xi-Le, additional, Snelson, Dylan W., additional, Lynch, Vincent M., additional, Tian, He, additional, He, Xiao-Peng, additional, and Sessler, Jonathan L., additional

Published
2021
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16. Metabolically Specific In SituFluorescent Visualization of Bacterial Infection on Wound Tissues

Author

Zhong, Chen-Jian, Hu, Xi-Le, Yang, Xiao-Lan, Gan, Hui-Qi, Yan, Kai-Cheng, Shu, Fu-Ting, Wei, Pei, Gong, Teng, Luo, Peng-Fei, James, Tony D., Chen, Zhao-Hong, Zheng, Yong-Jun, He, Xiao-Peng, and Xia, Zhao-Fan

Abstract

The ability to effectively detect bacterial infection in human tissues is important for the timely treatment of the infection. However, traditional techniques fail to visualize bacterial species adhered to host cells in situin a target-specific manner. Dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) exclusively exists in bacterial species and metabolically converts p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to folic acid (FA). By targeting this bacterium-specific metabolism, we have developed a fluorescent imaging probe, PABA-DCM, based on the conjugation of PABA with a long-wavelength fluorophore, dicyanomethylene 4H-pyran (DCM). We confirmed that the probe can be used in the synthetic pathway of a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and negative bacteria, resulting in a significantly extended retention time in bacterial over mammalian cells. We validated that DHPS catalytically introduces a dihydropteridine group to the amino end of the PABA motif of PABA-DCM, and the resulting adduct leads to an increase in the FA levels of bacteria. We also constructed a hydrogel dressing containing PABA-DCMand graphene oxide (GO), termed PABA-DCM@GO, that achieves target-specific fluorescence visualization of bacterial infection on the wounded tissues of mice. Our research paves the way for the development of fluorescent imaging agents that target species-conserved metabolic pathways of microorganisms for the in situmonitoring of infections in human tissues.

Published
2022
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17. Deferasirox (ExJade): A Fluorescent Pro-Chelator Active Against Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

Author

Sedgwick, Adam, primary, Yan, Kai-Cheng, additional, Mangel, Daniel N., additional, Shang, Ying, additional, Steinbrueck, Axel, additional, Han, Hai-Hao, additional, Brewster, James T., additional, Hu, Xi-Le, additional, Snelson, Dylan W., additional, Lynch, Vincent M., additional, Tian, He, additional, He, Xiao-Peng, additional, and Sessler, Jonathan L., additional

Published
2020
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23. TCF-ALP: a fluorescent probe for the selective detection of Staphylococcusbacteria and application in “smart” wound dressingsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01918f

Author

Gwynne, Lauren, Williams, George T., Yan, Kai-Cheng, Patenall, Bethany L., Gardiner, Jordan E., He, Xiao-Peng, Maillard, Jean-Yves, James, Tony D., Sedgwick, Adam. C., and Jenkins, A. Toby. A.

Abstract

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an important enzyme-based biomarker present in several bacterial species; however, it is currently undervalued as a strategy to detect pathogenic bacteria. Here, we explore our ALP-responsive colorimetric and fluorescent probe (TCF-ALP) for such applications. TCF-ALPdisplayed a colorimetric and fluorescence response towards Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), with a limit of detection of 3.7 × 106CFU mL−1after 24 h incubation. To our surprise, TCF-ALPproved selective towards Staphylococcusbacteria when compared with Enterococcus faecalis(E. faecalis), and Gram-negative P. aeruginosaand E. coli. Selectivity was also seen in clinically relevant S. aureusbiofilms. Owing to the high prevalence and surface location of S. aureusin chronic wounds, TCF-ALPwas subsequently encapsulated in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels as a proof-of-concept “smart” wound dressing. TCF-ALPhydrogels were capable of detecting S. aureusin planktonic and biofilm assays, and displayed a clear colour change from yellow to purple after 24 h incubation using ex vivoporcine skin models. Overall, TCF-ALPis a simple tool that requires no prior knowledge, training, or specialist equipment, and has the potential to overcome issues related to invasive swabbing and tissue biopsy methods. Thus, TCF-ALPcould be used as a tool to monitor the early development of infection in a wound and allow for the rapid provision of appropriate treatment for Staphylococcalbacterial infections.

Published
2021
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