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Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries have attracted a lot of attention owing to their cost effectiveness and plentiful resources, but less research has been conducted on the aspect of high volumetric energy density, which is crucial to the space available for the batteries in practical applications. In this work, highly crystalline V2O5 microspheres were self-assembled from one-dimensional V2O5 nanorod structures by a template-free solvothermal method, which were used as cathode materials for zinc-ion batteries with high performance, enabling fast ion transport, outstanding cycle stability and excellent rate capability, as well as a significant increase in tap density. Specifically, the V2O5 microspheres achieve a reversible specific capacity of 414.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and show a long-term cycling stability retaining 76.5% after 3000 cycles at 2 A g−1. This work provides an efficient route for the synthesis of three-dimensional materials with stable structures, excellent electrochemical performance and high tap density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transport characteristics of manganese was investigated by soil columns experiments and provide essential data for aquifer remediation and groundwater protection in Yinchuan City. Soil column experiments involved a solution of manganese chloride in which the chloride ion was the chemical tracer. In the two column experiments, the breakthrough curve (BTC) for Cl– revealed the average linear flow velocity (2.937 and 3.921 cm/h) and longitudinal dispersivity (8.52 and 40.09 cm) of the sediment. The BTC of Mn2+ showed a significant delay compared to Cl–. The adsorptive equilibrium isotherm experiments showed that Ca2+ was the main desorption cation in the cation exchange process. The nonlinear retardation factor Rf (RfTM-1 = 13.97, RfTS-1 = 12.89) of Mn2+ is derived from thermodynamic principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]