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Abstract Understanding farmers’ future residential preferences and the factors affecting these choices is crucial for tackling the issues related to hollow village management and rural planning. Despite limited research on the role of the family life cycle, this study explores how the family life cycle, characteristics of the household head, livelihood strategies, and resource availability shape farmers’ future residential preferences. Data were collected from 777 households in China’s main grain-producing area. The findings reveal that 52.90% of households prefer to stay in their current rural residences. Other favored options are elderly care facilities (13.90%), living with children in the village (12.36%), and ancestral homes (11.68%). The family life cycle significantly affects these preferences (p

Abstract Background Platinum-based chemotherapy regimens are a mainstay in the management of ovarian cancer (OC), but emergence of chemoresistance poses a significant clinical challenge. The persistence of ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) at the end of primary treatment contributes to disease recurrence. Here, we hypothesized that the extracellular matrix protects CSCs during chemotherapy and supports their tumorigenic functions by activating integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a key enzyme in drug resistance. Methods TCGA datasets and OC models were investigated using an integrated proteomic and gene expression analysis and examined ILK for correlations with chemoresistance pathways and clinical outcomes. Canonical Wnt pathway components, pro-survival signaling, and stemness were examined using OC models. To investigate the role of ILK in the OCSC-phenotype, a novel pharmacological inhibitor of ILK in combination with carboplatin was utilized in vitro and in vivo OC models. Results In response to increased fibronectin secretion and integrin β1 clustering, aberrant ILK activation supported the OCSC phenotype, contributing to OC spheroid proliferation and reduced response to platinum treatment. Complexes formed by ILK with the Wnt receptor frizzled 7 (Fzd7) were detected in tumors and correlated with metastatic progression. Moreover, TCGA datasets confirmed that combined expression of ILK and Fzd7 in high grade serous ovarian tumors is correlated with reduced response to chemotherapy and poor patient outcomes. Mechanistically, interaction of ILK with Fzd7 increased the response to Wnt ligands, thereby amplifying the stemness-associated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Notably, preclinical studies showed that the novel ILK inhibitor compound 22 (cpd-22) alone disrupted ILK interaction with Fzd7 and CSC proliferation as spheroids. Furthermore, when combined with carboplatin, this disruption led to sustained AKT inhibition, apoptotic damage in OCSCs and reduced tumorigenicity in mice. Conclusions This “outside-in” signaling mechanism is potentially actionable, and combined targeting of ILK-Fzd7 may lead to new therapeutic approaches to eradicate OCSCs and improve patient outcomes.

Abstract Depression has been reported as one of the most prevalent psychiatric illnesses globally. This study aimed to obtain information on the global burden of depression and its associated spatiotemporal variation, by exploring the correlation between the global burden of depression and the social development index (SDI) and associated risk factors. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2019, we described the prevalence and burden of disease in 204 countries across 21 regions, including sex and age differences and the relationship between the global disease burden and SDI. The age-standardized rate and estimated annual percentage change were used to assess the global burden of depression. Individuals with documented depression globally ranged from 182,183,358 in 1990 to 290,185,742 in 2019, representing an increase of 0.59%. More patients experienced major depressive disorder than dysthymia. The incidence and disability-adjusted life years of depression were the highest in the 60–64 age group and much higher in females than in males, with this trend occurring across all ages. The age-standardized incidence and adjusted life-years-disability rates varied with different SDI levels. Relevant risk factors for depression were identified. National governments must support research to improve prevention and treatment interventions.

Abstract Extreme within-lake conditions have the potential to exert detrimental effects on lakes. Here we use satellite observations to investigate how the occurrence of multiple types of extremes, notably algal blooms, lake heatwaves, and low lake levels, have varied in 2724 lakes since the 1980s. Our study, which focuses on bloom-affected lakes, suggests that 75% of studied lakes have experienced a concurrent increase in at least two of the extremes considered (27% defined as having a notable increase), with 25% experiencing an increase in frequency of all three extremes (5% had a notable increase). The greatest increases in the frequency of these extremes were found in regions that have experienced increases in agricultural fertilizer use, lake warming, and a decline in water availability. As extremes in lakes become more common, understanding their impacts must be a primary focus of future studies and they must be carefully considered in future risk assessments.

Abstract This study assessed the global and regional burden of IS (ischemic stroke) deaths due to LPA (low physical activity) from 1990 to 2019, analyzed regional, sex, and age differences in ASMR (age-standardized mortality rate), and provided a comprehensive understanding of the impact of age, period, and cohort on low physical activity related ischemic stroke ASMR. We conducted an APC (age-period-cohort) analysis of the global and four World Bank income level regions’ IS mortality data attributed to LPA from 1990 to 2019, using the GBD2019 database, and the results showed that the global net drift of the Ischemic stroke age-standardized mortality attributable to low physical activity was − 1.085%[95% CI: − 1.168, − 1.003].The ASMR drop is most pronounced in the high-income zone, with a net drift of − 2.473% [95% CI: − 2.759, − 2.187] across the four income groups. The influence of age on mortality is increasing in the worldwide old population, while the period and cohort effects are decreasing. We also performed a Joinpoint regression analysis, which revealed that the specific time of considerable drop in ASMR of IS in the global LPA population was 2002–2007, with an APC of -2.628%. The specific period of considerable drop in ASMR in high-income regions with the highest variation was 1999–2007, with an APC = − 4.726%. The global burden of public health deaths caused by LPA is diminishing, with the most notable progress observed in high-income regions. However, in low and lower-middle income areas, the situation continues to deteriorate. Within the global elderly population, the effects of age on mortality is increasing, while the effects of period and cohort are diminishing. These trends vary across income levels, highlighting the necessity for enhanced international collaboration to formulate context-specific public health strategies aimed at enhancing cardiovascular health on a global, regional, and national scale.

Abstract The development of neuromorphic visual systems has recently gained momentum due to their potential in areas such as autonomous vehicles and robotics. However, current machine visual systems based on silicon technology usually contain photosensor arrays, format conversion, memory and processing modules. As a result, the redundant data shuttling between each unit, resulting in large latency and high-power consumption, seriously limits the performance of neuromorphic vision chips. Here, we demonstrate an artificial neural network (ANN) architecture based on an integrated 2D MoS2/Ag nanograting phototransistor array, which can simultaneously sense, pre-process and recognize optical images without latency. The pre-processing function of the device under photoelectric synergy ensures considerable improvement of efficiency and accuracy of subsequent image recognition. The comprehensive performance of the proof-of-concept device demonstrates great potential for machine vision applications in terms of large dynamic range (180 dB), high speed (500 ns) and low energy consumption per spike (2.4 × 10−17 J).

Abstract Background Microcirculatory perfusion disorder and inflammatory response are critical links in acute kidney injury (AKI). We aim to construct anti‐vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1(VCAM‐1) targeted microbubbles (TM) to monitor renal microcirculatory perfusion and inflammatory response. Methods TM carrying VCAM‐1 polypeptide was constructed by biological coupling. The binding ability of TM to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was detected. Bilateral renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) models of mice were established to evaluate microcirculatory perfusion and inflammatory response using TM. Thirty‐six mice were randomly divided into six groups according to the different reperfusion time (0.5, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h) and sham‐operated group (Sham group). The correlation of TM imaging with serum and histopathological biomarkers was investigated. Results TM has advantages such as uniform distribution, regular shape, high stability, and good biosafety. TM could bind specifically to VCAM‐1 molecule expressed by tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐treated HUVECs. In the renal IRI‐AKI model, the area under the curve (AUC) of TM significantly decreased both in the renal cortical and medullary after 2 h of reperfusion compared with the Sham group (p

This paper summarized the nursing management of an elderly long-term bedridden patient with purple urine bag syndrome. Given the association between purple urine bag syndrome and urinary tract infection, nurses had enhanced the interventions on catheter maintenance and urinary tract infection prevention. Meanwhile, comprehensive nursing interventions including diet guidance, constipation prevention and psychological care were carried out to relieve the clinical symptoms and negative emotions, and improve treatment adherence and recovery of the patient. (本文总结 1例高龄长期卧床男性患者并发紫色尿袋综合征(PUBS)的护理经验。PUBS的发生与尿路感染有关, 护理人员应加强导管维护和相关尿路感染护理, 同时给予饮食指导、便秘管理和心理护理, 改善患者便秘症状, 缓解负性情绪, 提高治疗依从性, 加快患者康复。)

The widespread adoption of online social networks has facilitated content sharing among users. However, privacy controls restrict users' access to only a limited portion of the network, typically limited to direct connections or two-hop friends. Browsing relevant profiles and home pages has become a common practice for users, but the vast amount of data involved often hampers their ability to efficiently retrieve the desired information. This paper presents an efficient keyword search model designed to aid users in accessing the required information effectively. Leveraging advancements in Bloom filter technology, we propose a novel summary index called Friend-based Bloom filter (FBF), which enables large-scale full-text retrieval while reducing inter-server communication costs and query latency. We conduct a comprehensive simulation to evaluate our ranking model, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the FBF scheme. Specifically, our approach achieves a reduction of 92.4% in inter-server communication costs and 78.7% in query latency, with a high-search precision condition resulting in a remarkable 98.3% improvement.

Abstract Background Community-acquired respiratory infections are a leading cause of illness and death globally. The aetiologies of community-acquired pneumonia remain poorly defined. The RESPIRO study is an ongoing prospective observational cohort study aimed at developing pragmatic logistical and analytic platforms to accurately identify the causes of moderate-to-severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults and understand the factors influencing disease caused by individual pathogens. The study is currently underway in Singapore and has plans for expansion into the broader region. Methods RESPIRO is being conducted at three major tertiary hospitals in Singapore. Adults hospitalised with acute community-acquired pneumonia or lower respiratory tract infections, based on established clinical, laboratory and radiological criteria, will be recruited. Over the course of the illness, clinical data and biological samples will be collected longitudinally and stored in a biorepository for future analysis. Discussion The RESPIRO study is designed to be hypothesis generating, complementary to and easily integrated with other research projects and clinical trials. The detailed clinical database and biorepository will yield insights into the epidemiology and outcomes of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in Singapore and the surrounding region and offers the opportunity to deeply characterise the microbiology and immunopathology of community-acquired pneumonia.

Objective To analyze the list management mode in nosocomial infection prevention in the prosthodontics clinic. Methods Based on the analysis of problems found in nosocomial infection monitoring, a checklist management was implemented in prevention of nosocomial infection in the dental prosthesis clinic from August 2021 to December 2022, including air quality in the consulting room, medical devices, dental impressions, and hand hygiene of medical staff. After three times of airborne bacterial culture in the consulting room, sampling and bacteriological testing of the surfaces of instruments, dental impressions, and hands of medical staff, the monitoring results were recorded in detail. The quality monitoring data of nosocomial infection control in were compared before and after implementation, and the implementation effect was analyzed. Results The bacterial colony count of air in the consulting room was decreased after implementation of list management(P＜0. 01). The bacterial colony count of instrument surface, impression surface and hands of medical staff after implementation of list management were lower than those before implementation of list management (P＜0. 01). The qualified rates of colony monitoring on the air, hands of medical staff and the surface of the medical sterilizing tray were significantly higher than those before implementation of list management(P＜0. 01). The incidence of nosocomial infection after implementation of list management was significantly lower than that before implementation of list management (P＜0. 01). Conclusion The implementation of nosocomial infection list management can effectively reduce the bacteriological detection rate of air dust, instrument surface, impression surface and medical staff's hand, and reduce the risk of nosocomial infection, which is worthy of clinical promotion. (目的 分析口腔修复门诊实施院内感染清单式管理的效果。方法 针对院内感染监测发现的问题, 于2021年8月—2022年12月在医院口腔修复门诊实施包括诊室空气质量、医疗器械、口腔印模、医护人员手卫生的清单式管理。经过3次诊室空气培养, 器械表面、印模表面及医护人员手部采样和细菌学检测, 详细记录监测结果, 对比实施前后口腔修复门诊院内感染控制质量监测数据的差异, 分析实施效果。结果 清单式管理实施后, 口腔科门诊空气菌落计数较清单式管理实施前下降(P＜0. 01); 医护人员手部、口腔印模表面、医疗器械表面菌落计数较清单式管理实施前下降(P＜0. 01); 口腔科门诊空气、医护人员手部、托盘消毒储存监测合格率较清单式管理实施前提升(P＜0. 01); 患者院内感染发生率较实施前下降(P＜0. 01)。结论 口腔修复门诊实施院内感染清单式管理可有效减少诊室空气粉尘、器械表面、印模表面、医护人员手部的细菌学检出率, 降低院内感染风险。)

This study investigates whether and how the perception of carbon abatement pressure affects corporate financing behavior. The results show that carbon abatement pressure increases corporate cash holdings via the channel of financing constraints, and this positive relationship still holds after a series of robustness tests. This positive relationship is pronounced for private firms, those with higher operational risks, and firms in regions with lower levels of marketization.

Abstract Most eukaryotic proteins are N-terminally acetylated, but the functional impact on a global scale has remained obscure. Using genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens in human cells, we reveal a strong genetic dependency between a major N-terminal acetyltransferase and specific ubiquitin ligases. Biochemical analyses uncover that both the ubiquitin ligase complex UBR4-KCMF1 and the acetyltransferase NatC recognize proteins bearing an unacetylated N-terminal methionine followed by a hydrophobic residue. NatC KO-induced protein degradation and phenotypes are reversed by UBR knockdown, demonstrating the central cellular role of this interplay. We reveal that loss of Drosophila NatC is associated with male sterility, reduced longevity, and age-dependent loss of motility due to developmental muscle defects. Remarkably, muscle-specific overexpression of UbcE2M, one of the proteins targeted for NatC KO-mediated degradation, suppresses defects of NatC deletion. In conclusion, NatC-mediated N-terminal acetylation acts as a protective mechanism against protein degradation, which is relevant for increased longevity and motility.

Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), a sensor of cytosolic DNA, recognizes cytoplasmic nucleic acids to activate the innate immune responses via generation of the second messenger cGAMP and subsequent activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STINGs). The cGAS-STING signaling has multiple immunologic and physiological functions in all human vital organs. It mediates protective innate immune defense against DNA-containing pathogen infection, confers intrinsic antitumor immunity via detecting tumor-derived DNA, and gives rise to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases upon aberrant activation by cytosolic leakage of self-genomic and mitochondrial DNA. Disruptions in these functions are associated with the pathophysiology of various immunologic and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent evidence indicates important roles of the cGAS-STING signaling in mediating inflammatory responses in ocular inflammatory and inflammation-associated diseases, such as keratitis, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and uveitis. In this review, we summarize the recently emerging evidence of cGAS-STING signaling in mediating ocular inflammatory responses and affecting pathogenesis of these complex eye diseases. We attempt to provide insightful perspectives on future directions of investigating cGAS-STING signaling in ocular inflammation. Understanding how cGAS-STING signaling is modulated to mediate ocular inflammatory responses would allow future development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat ocular inflammation and autoimmunity.

It is crucial to identify the structures of active sites to understand how catalysts function and to use that understanding to develop better catalytic materials. ZSM-5 zeolites with dominant Al(IV)-2 sites have been developed in this work. 1H-27Al 2D HMQC and 2D 1H TQ(DQ)-SQ NMR experiments have been performed to investigate the structural properties of this acidic site. The Al(IV)-2 sites have Brønsted and Lewis acid characteristics. The catalytic performance of Al(IV)-2 sites has been tested by n-dodecane cracking reactions. The catalytic results show that the Brønsted acidic strength of the Al(IV)-2 sites is comparable to that of the Al(IV)-1 sites, but the Al(IV)-2 sites’ Lewis acid characteristics provide extra catalytic activity. We have gained valuable insights into the characteristics of Al(IV)-2 acid sites within these materials.