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In this paper, we demonstrate that on an almost Hermitian manifold $(M^{2n}, J, ds^2)$, a 2-form $\varphi=S^*\Phi$, the pulling back of the K\"ahler form $\Phi$ on the twistor bundle over $M^{2n}$, is non-degenerate if the squared norm $|N|^2$ of the Nijenhuis tensor is less than $\frac{64}{5}$ when $n\geq 3$ or less than $16$ when $n=2$. As a corollary, there exists no orthogonal almost complex structure on the standard sphere $(S^6, ds_0^2)$ with $|N|^2<\frac{64}{5}$ everywhere., Comment: 11pages

The main purpose of this note is to construct almost complex or complex structures on certain isoparametric hypersurfaces in unit spheres. As a consequence, complex structures on $S^1\times S^7\times S^6$, and on $S^1\times S^3\times S^2$ with vanishing first Chern class, are built., Comment: 9 pages, to appear in Acta Mathematica Scientia

Associated with a symmetric Clifford system $\{P_0, P_1,\cdots, P_{m}\}$ on $\mathbb{R}^{2l}$, there is a canonical vector bundle $\eta$ over $S^{l-1}$. For $m=4$ and $8$, we construct explicitly its characteristic map, and determine completely when the sphere bundle $S(\eta)$ associated to $\eta$ admits a cross-section. These generalize the results in \cite{St51} and \cite{Ja58}. As an application, we establish new harmonic representatives of certain elements in homotopy groups of spheres (cf. \cite{PT97} \cite{PT98}). By a suitable choice of Clifford system, we construct a metric of non-negative curvature on $S(\eta)$ which is diffeomorphic to the inhomogeneous focal submanifold $M_+$ of OT-FKM type isoparametric hypersurfaces with $m=3$., Comment: 37 pages, to appear in Pacific Journal of Mathematics

64 years ago, I. M. James raised two fundamental questions about octonionic Stiefel spaces. The prime objective of this paper is to figure out partial answers to both of them., Comment: 30 pages

An isoparametric family in the unit sphere consists of parallel isoparametric hypersurfaces and their two focal submanifolds. The present paper has two parts. The first part investigates topology of the isoparametric families, namely the homotopy, homeomorphism, or diffeomorphism types, parallelizability, as well as the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category. This part extends substantially the results of Q.M.Wang in \cite{Wa88}. The second part is concerned with their curvatures, more precisely, we determine when they have non-negative sectional curvatures or positive Ricci curvatures with the induced metric., Comment: 40 pages, to appear in Communications in Mathematics and Statistics

For a closed hypersurface $M^n\subset S^{n+1}(1)$ with constant mean curvature and constant non-negative scalar curvature, the present paper shows that if $\mathrm{tr}(\mathcal{A}^k)$ are constants for $k=3,\ldots, n-1$ for shape operator $\mathcal{A}$, then $M$ is isoparametric. The result generalizes the theorem of de Almeida and Brito \cite{dB90} for $n=3$ to any dimension $n$, strongly supporting Chern's conjecture., Comment: 27 pages, to appear in Science China Mathematics

Among a family of 2-parameter left invariant metrics on Sp(2), we determine which have nonnegative sectional curvatures and which are Einstein. On the quotiente $\widetilde{N}^{11}=(Sp(2)\times S^4)/S^3$, we construct a homogeneous isoparametric foliation with isoparametric hypersurfaces diffeomorphic to Sp(2). Furthermore, on the quotiente $\widetilde{N}^{11}/S^3$, we construct a transnormal system with transnormal hypersurfaces diffeomorphic to the Gromoll-Meyer sphere $\Sigma^7$. Moreover, the induced metric on each hypersurface has positive Ricci curvature and quasi-positive sectional curvature simultaneously., Comment: 22 pages,to appear in Differential Geometry and its Applications

Let $M^n$ be a closed Riemannian manifold on which the integral of the scalar curvature is nonnegative. Suppose $\mathfrak{a}$ is a symmetric $(0,2)$ tensor field whose dual $(1,1)$ tensor $\mathcal{A}$ has $n$ distinct eigenvalues, and $\mathrm{tr}(\mathcal{A}^k)$ are constants for $k=1,\cdots, n-1$. We show that all the eigenvalues of $\mathcal{A}$ are constants, generalizing a theorem of de Almeida and Brito \cite{dB90} to higher dimensions. As a consequence, a closed hypersurface $M^n$ in $S^{n+1}$ is isoparametric if one takes $\mathfrak{a}$ above to be the second fundamental form, giving affirmative evidence to Chern's conjecture., Comment: 16 pages

This is a survey on the recent progress in several applications of isoparametric theory, including an affirmative answer to Yau's conjecture on the first eigenvalue of Laplacian in the isoparametric case, a negative answer to Yau's 76th problem in his Problem Section, new examples of Willmore submanifolds in spheres, a series of examples to Besse's problem on the generalization of Einstein condition, isoparametric functions on exotic spheres, counterexamples to two conjectures of Leung, as well as surgery theory on isoparametric foliation., Comment: 18 pages

An isoparametric hypersurface in unit spheres has two focal submanifolds. Condition A plays a crucial role in the classification theory of isoparametric hypersurfaces in [CCJ07], [Chi16] and [Miy13]. This paper determines $C_A$, the set of points with Condition A in focal submanifolds. It turns out that the points in $C_A$ reach an upper bound of the normal scalar curvature $\rho^{\bot}$ (sharper than that in DDVV inequality [GT08], [Lu11]). We also determine the sets $C_P$ (points with parallel second fundamental form) and $C_E$ (points with Einstein condition), which achieve two lower bounds of $\rho^{\bot}$., Comment: 37 pages, to appear in International Mathematics Research Notices, Dedicated to Professor Chiakuei Peng on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday

The focal sets of isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres with g = 4 are all Willmore submanifolds, being minimal but mostly non-Einstein ([TY1], [QTY]). Inspired by A.Gray's view, the present paper shows that, these focal sets are all A- manifolds but rarely Ricci parallel, except possibly for the only unclassified case. As a byproduct, it gives infinitely many simply-connected examples to the problem 16.56 (i) of Besse concerning generalizations of the Einstein condition., Comment: To appear in Advances in Mathematics

This is a continuation of Tang and Yan, which investigated the first eigenvalues of minimal isoparametric hypersurfaces with $g=4$ distinct principal curvatures and focal submanifolds in unit spheres. For the focal submanifolds with $g=6$, the present paper obtains estimates on all the eigenvalues, among others, giving an affirmative answer in one case to the problem posed in Tang and Yan, which may be regarded as a generalization of Yau's conjecture. In two of the four unsettled cases in Tang and Yan for focal submanifolds $M_1$ of OT-FKM-type, we prove the first eigenvalues to be their dimensions, respectively., Comment: to appear in Journal of Functional Analysis. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1201.0666

This paper is a continuation of a paper with the same title of the last two authors. In the first part of the present paper, we give a unified geometric proof that both focal submanifolds of every isoparametric hypersurface in spheres with four distinct principal curvatures are Willmore. In the second part, we completely determine which focal submanifolds are Einstein except one case., Comment: 19 pages,to appear in Annals of Global Analysis and Geometry

Jakobson and Nadirashvili \cite{JN} constructed a sequence of eigenfunctions on $T^2$ with a bounded number of critical points, answering in the negative the question raised by Yau \cite{Yau1} which asks that whether the number of the critical points of eigenfunctions for the Laplacian increases with the corresponding eigenvalues. The present paper finds three interesting eigenfunctions on the minimal isoparametric hypersurface $M^n$ in $S^{n+1}(1)$. The corresponding eigenvalues are $n$, $2n$ and $3n$, while their critical sets consist of $8$ points, a submanifold(infinite many points) and $8$ points, respectively. On one of its focal submanifolds, a similar phenomenon occurs., Comment: 12 pages, to appear in Mathematische Zeitschrift

A well known conjecture of Yau states that the first eigenvalue of every closed minimal hypersurface $M^n$ in the unit sphere $S^{n+1}(1)$ is just its dimension $n$. The present paper shows that Yau conjecture is true for minimal isoparametric hypersurfaces. Moreover, the more fascinating result of this paper is that the first eigenvalues of the focal submanifolds are equal to their dimensions in the non-stable range., Comment: to appear in J.Diff.Geom

An isometric immersion $x:M^n\rightarrow S^{n+p}$ is called Willmore if it is an extremal submanifold of the Willmore functional: $W(x)=\int_{M^n} (S-nH^2)^{\frac{n}{2}}dv$, where $S$ is the norm square of the second fundamental form and $H$ is the mean curvature. Examples of Willmore submanifolds in the unit sphere are scarce in the literature. The present paper gives a series of new examples of Willmore submanifolds in the unit sphere via isoparametric functions of FKM-type., Comment: 8 pages, to appear in Annals of Global Analysis and Geometry

Motivated by the celebrated Schoen-Yau-Gromov-Lawson surgery theory on metrics of positive scalar curvature, we construct a double manifold associated with a minimal isoparametric hypersurface in the unit sphere. The resulting double manifold carries a metric of positive scalar curvature and an isoparametric foliation as well. To investigate the topology of the double manifolds, we use K-theory and the representation of the Clifford algebra for the FKM-type, and determine completely the isotropy subgroups of singular orbits for homogeneous case., Comment: 24 pages, to appear in Communications in Analysis and Geometry

This paper introduces the notion of $k$-isoparametric hypersurface in an $(n+1)$-dimensional Riemannian manifold for $k=0,1,...,n$. Many fundamental and interesting results (towards the classification of homogeneous hypersurfaces among other things) are given in complex projective spaces, complex hyperbolic spaces, and even in locally rank one symmetric spaces., Comment: 35 pages, to appear in J. Math. Soc. Jpn