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DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.09.018

The classification and phylogenetic relationships within the Phaseoleae tribe (Leguminosae) have consistently posed challenges to botanists. This study addresses these taxonomic intricacies, with a specific focus on the Glycininae subtribe, by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the highly conserved plastome in Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth., a critical species within this subtribe. Through meticulous genomic sequencing, we identified a plastome size of 148,650 bp, composed of 128 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Comparative genomic analysis across seven Glycininae species illuminated a universally conserved circular and quadripartite structure, with nine genes exhibiting notable nucleotide diversity, signifying a remarkable genomic variability. Phylogenetic reconstruction of 35 Phaseoleae species underscores the affinity of Amphicarpaea with Glycine, placing Apios as a sister lineage to all other Phaseoleae species, excluding Clitorinae and Diocleinae subtribes. Intriguingly, Apios, Butea, Erythrina, and Spatholobus, traditionally clumped together in the Erythrininae subtribe, display paraphyletic divergence, thereby contesting their taxonomic coherence. The pronounced structural differences in the quadripartite boundary genes among taxa with unresolved subtribal affiliations demand a reevaluation of Erythrininae's taxonomic classification, potentially refining the phylogenetic contours of the tribe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on acoustoelastic theory, stress measurement of laser cladding coating with Rayleigh wave was investigated.The acoustoelastic formula for evaluation of stress in laser cladding coating was simplified by means of Taylor series expansion method.Combined with the static load tensile test, acoustoelastic coefficients were determined.The results show that the variation rate of Rayleigh wave signal velocity in Fe314 alloy coating increases linearly with the increase of stress.When tensile stress is greater than 495MPa, the variation rate of Rayleigh wave signal velocity does not change linearly any more.Based on the analysis of ultrasonic propagation theory and microstructure of laser cladding coating, the changing rule of acoustoelastic curve and its influence mechanism on stress measurement were analyzed, the inhomogeneous deformation of anisotropic laser cladding coating is the main cause of the "wave-type" fluctuation of acoustoelastic curve in high stress stage.Results show that anisotropic tissue effect can affect the result of stress measurement;the penetration in laser cladding layers can be ignored. By fitting the acoustoelastic curve, anisotropic tissue effect factor is determined.The experimental results show the maximum relative error in stress measurement is 4.4%, the method can realize the nondestructive evaluation of the stress in laser cladding coating.

Menispermaceae is one of the core groups of Ranunculales. The single fertile ovule in each ovary in Menispermaceae varies greatly in integument number, micropyle formation, and integument lobe. However, data regarding ovule morphogenesis in the family are very limited. In this study, we document ovule development of selected species in the Menispermaceae using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Ovule development in Menispermaceae shows the following characteristics. Two ovules are initiated in a young carpel, one of them degenerates gradually and the other develops into a fertile ovule in subsequent stages. Bitegmic in Sinomenium Diels. and Cocculus DC. and unitegmic in Stephania Lour. The formation of unitegmy is probably due to integumentary shifting. The annularly initiated inner integument is of dermal origin and has 2–3 cell layers in the family, but the semi‐annularly initiated outer integument is of both dermal and subdermal origin. Both inner and outer integument are cup‐shaped at maturity. The cup‐shaped outer integument is formed due to the outer integument's extension to the concave (adaxial) side of the funiculus. The obturator is well developed and consists of 2–3 cell layers in Cocculus or 9–11 cell layers in Stephania. Ovule development of Menispermaceae suggests some common characteristics between Cocculus and Sinomenium, and derived unitegmy supports molecular data that indicate Stephania is one of the late‐diverging lineages in the family. Integument lobations are present. The sterile ovule shows variations in the degeneration process. These results will provide evidence for exploring the evolution of ovules in Ranunculales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) transplantation on collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) adult sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. Methods The collagenase-induced ICH models were constructed by injection of collagenase type VII into the striatum on the right side stereotaxically. Forty-five healthy male SD rats were selected and then randomly divided into 3 groups of fifteen each, control group, ICH rat model group (model group), BMMSC transplanted ICH group (transplantation group). In transplantation group, BMMSC were transplanted into the perilesional sites 2 h after ICH injury. Modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunohistochemical expression, and TUNEL test (cell apoptosis) were assessed at the 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 d after model-made/transplanted treatment of BMMSC. Results The mNSS score (P = 0.000) and apoptotic cell number (P = 0.000) of rats in different treatment groups at each observation time point showed statistically significant differences. Compared with the control group and the model group, the mNSS score of the transplantation group was lower 28 d after treatment (P < 0.05), showing a decreasing timeliness. The mNSS scores 7, 14 and 28 d after treatment was lower than that 1 and 3 d after treatment (P < 0.05). On 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 d after transplantation, the number of apoptotic cells in the model group and the transplantation group increased (P < 0.05) and reached the peak on 7 d after treatment (all P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells on 14 and 28 d was reduced but still higher than that on 1 and 3 d (all P < 0.05). In the transplantation group the expression of BDNF protein was significantly increased, and very few GFP + GFAP and GFP + NeuN positive cells were found in the brain tissue. These results indicated that the transplanted BMMSC had survived in the host brain tissue and with neuronal and glial differentiation. Conclusions Rat ICH model induced by collagenase type VII is stable for experimental study. The transplanted BMMSC can significantly provide better neuroprotection by increasing BDNF expression and reduce apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]