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The accuracy and efficacy of laser ablation procedures depend on the accurate placement of the laser applicator within the diseased tissue, monitoring the real-time temperature during the ablation procedure, and mapping the extent of the ablated region. Ultrasound (US) imaging has been widely used to guide ablation procedures. While US imaging offers significant advantages for guiding ablation procedures, its limitations include low imaging contrast, angular dependency, and limited ability to monitor the temperature. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a relatively new imaging modality that inherits the advantages of US imaging and offers enhanced capabilities for laser-guided ablations, such as accurate, angle-independent tracking of ablation catheters, the potential for quantitative thermometry, and monitoring thermal lesion formation. This work provides an overview of ultrasound-guided procedures and how different US-related artifacts limit their utility, followed by introducing PA as complementary to US as a solution to address the existing limitations and improve ablation outcomes. Furthermore, we highlight the integration of PA-driven features into existing US-guided laser ablation systems, along with their limitations and future outlooks. Integrated US/PA-guided laser ablation procedures can lead to safer and more precise treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minute virus of canines (MVC) belongs to the genus Bocaparvovirus (formerly Bocavirus) within the Parvoviridae family and causes serious respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms in neonatal canines worldwide. A productive viral infection relies on the successful recruitment of host factors for various stages of the viral life cycle. However, little is known about the MVC‐host cell interactions. In this study, we identified that two cellular proteins (Hsc70 and Hsp70) interacted with NS1 and VP2 proteins of MVC, and both two domains of Hsc70/Hsp70 were mediated for their interactions. Functional studies revealed that Hsp70 was induced by MVC infection, knockdown of Hsc70 considerably suppressed MVC replication, whereas the replication was dramatically promoted by Hsp70 knockdown. It is interesting that low amounts of overexpressed Hsp70 enhanced viral protein expression and virus production, but high amounts of Hsp70 overexpression weakened them. Upon Hsp70 overexpressing, we observed that the ubiquitination of viral proteins changed with Hsp70 overexpression, and proteasome inhibitor (MG132) restored an accumulation of viral proteins. In addition, we verified that Hsp70 family inhibitors remarkably decreased MVC replication. Overall, we identified Hsc70 and Hsp70 as interactors of MVC NS1 and VP2 proteins and were involved in MVC replication, which may provide novel targets for anti‐MVC approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of different hot air speeds and temperatures on the drying characteristics of half-ripe rice paper were investigated by hot air convection drying experiments. The thin-layer drying experiments were carried out at three different combinations of air speeds of 1.97 m/s, 3.00 m/s, and 3.90 m/s and temperatures of 85 °C, 100 °C and 115 °C. The results show that among the 10 drying kinetic models selected, the Modified Page model is the most suitable model to describe the drying characteristics of the thin layer of half-ripe rice paper; the whole drying process exists obvious ascending, constant and descending processes; the effective moisture diffusion coefficient of half-ripe rice paper is in the range of 1.52656 × 10−9 m2/s–3.15816 × 10−9 m2/s, whose size increases with the increase of the hot wind speed and temperature. Its magnitude increases with the increase of wind speed and temperature; the drying activation energy of half-ripe rice paper is 6.55 kJ/mol calculated by Arrhenius equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify and appraise the quality of evidence of transitional care interventions on quality of life in lung cancer patients. Background: Quality of life is a strong predictor of survival. The transition from hospital to home is a high‐risk period for patients' readmission and death, which seriously affect their quality of life. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CINAHL databases were searched from inception to 22 October 2022. The primary outcome was quality of life. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4, results were expressed as standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. This study was complied with PRISMA guidelines and previously registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023429464). Results: Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included consisting of a total of 1700 participants, and 12 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. It was found that transitional care interventions significantly improved quality of life (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.40, p =.03) and helped reduce symptoms (SMD = −0.65, 95% CI: −1.13 to −0.18, p =.007) in lung cancer patients, but did not significantly reduce anxiety and depression, and the effect on self‐efficacy was unclear. Conclusions: This study shows that transitional care interventions can improve quality of life and reduce symptoms in patients, and that primarily educational interventions based on symptom management theory appeared to be more effective. But, there was no statistically significant effect on anxiety and depression. Relevance to Clinical Practice: This study provides references for the application of transitional care interventions in the field of lung cancer care, and encourages nurses and physicians to apply transitional care plans to facilitate patients' safe transition from hospital to home. Patient or Public Contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Design Methods Results Conclusion Impact Patient or Public Contribution To assess the level of mental workload (MWL) of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in performing different human‐machine tasks and examine the predictors of the MWL.A cross‐sectional questionnaire study.Between January and February 2021, data were collected from ICU nurses (n = 427) at nine tertiary hospitals selected from five (east, west, south, north, central) regions in China through an electronic questionnaire, including sociodemographic questions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index, General Self‐Efficacy Scale, Difficulty‐assessing Index System of Nursing Operation Technique, and System Usability Scale. Descriptive statistics, t‐tests, one‐way ANOVA and multiple linear regression models were used.ICU nurses experienced a medium level of MWL (score 52.04 on a scale of 0–100) while performing human‐machine tasks. ICU nurses' MWL was notably higher in conducting first aid and life support tasks (using defibrillators or ventilators). Predictors of MWL were task difficulty, system usability, professional title, age, self‐efficacy, ICU category, and willingness to study emerging technology actively. Task difficulty and system usability were the strongest predictors of nearly all typical tasks.ICU nurses experience a medium MWL while performing human‐machine tasks, but higher mental, temporal, and effort are perceived compared to physical demands. The MWL varied significantly across different human‐machine tasks, among which are significantly higher: first aid and life support and information‐based human‐machine tasks. Task difficulty and system availability are decisive predictors of MWL.This is the first study to investigate the level of MWL of ICU nurses performing different representative human‐machine tasks and to explore its predictors, which provides a reference for future research. These findings suggest that healthcare organizations should pay attention to the MWL of ICU nurses and develop customized management strategies based on task characteristics to maintain a moderate level of MWL, thus enabling ICU nurses to perform human‐machine tasks better.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoline‐fused polycyclic scaffolds are virtually universal in biological and pharmaceutical. Here we demonstrate a facile electrooxidative cascade cyclization for indoline‐based derivatives, employing amidyl radicals with ynones under mild conditions. The efficient method enables the formation of two new C−N and C−C bonds in a single step with high regioselectivity. Various indoline‐based tetracyclic 6/5/6/6 skeletons can be achieved through a biscyclization/dehydrogenation cascade process. Additionally, this electrochemical strategy proceeds in a sustainable metal‐ and oxidant‐free condition, with H2 being the solely byproduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neural circuits of reward processing and interval timing (including the perception and production of temporal intervals) are functionally intertwined, suggesting that it might be possible for momentary reward processing to influence subsequent timing behavior. Previous animal and human studies have mainly focused on the effect of reward on interval perception, whereas its impact on interval production is less clear. In this study, we examined whether feedback, as an example of performance‐contingent reward, biases interval production. We recorded EEG from 20 participants while they engaged in a continuous drumming task with different realistic tempos (1728 trials per participant). Participants received color‐coded feedback after each beat about whether they were correct (on time) or incorrect (early or late). Regression‐based EEG analysis was used to unmix the rapid occurrence of a feedback response called the reward positivity (RewP), which is traditionally observed in more slow‐paced tasks. Using linear mixed modeling, we found that RewP amplitude predicted timing behavior for the upcoming beat. This performance‐biasing effect of the RewP was interpreted as reflecting the impact of fluctuations in reward‐related anterior cingulate cortex activity on timing, and the necessity of continuous paradigms to make such observations was highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Postprocedural anticoagulation (PPA) is frequently administered after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, although no conclusive data support this practice. METHODS: The RIGHT trial (Comparison of Anticoagulation Prolongation vs no Anticoagulation in STEMI Patients After Primary PCI) was an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority trial conducted at 53 centers in China. Patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were randomly assigned by center to receive low-dose PPA or matching placebo for at least 48 hours. Before trial initiation, each center selected 1 of 3 PPA regimens (40 mg of enoxaparin once daily subcutaneously; 10 U·kg·h of unfractionated heparin intravenously, adjusted to maintain activated clotting time between 150 and 220 seconds; or 0.2 mg·kg·h of bivalirudin intravenously). The primary efficacy objective was to demonstrate superiority of PPA to reduce the primary efficacy end point of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, stent thrombosis (definite), or urgent revascularization (any vessel) within 30 days. The key secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of each specific anticoagulation regimen (enoxaparin, unfractionated heparin, or bivalirudin) on the primary efficacy end point. The primary safety end point was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 to 5 bleeding at 30 days. RESULTS: Between January 10, 2019, and September 18, 2021, a total of 2989 patients were randomized. The primary efficacy end point occurred in 37 patients (2.5%) in both the PPA and placebo groups (hazard ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.63 to 1.57]). The incidence of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 to 5 bleeding did not differ between the PPA and placebo groups (8 [0.5%] vs 11 [0.7%] patients; hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.30 to 1.83]). CONCLUSIONS: Routine PPA after primary percutaneous coronary intervention was safe but did not reduce 30-day ischemic events. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03664180. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The missions in extreme environments such as the moon, the Arctic/Antarctic, and the plateau require the operation of batteries at low temperatures even below the freezing point of water. Herein, it is reported that compressively stressed Co single atoms exhibit enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and enable the effective operation of zinc–air battery at a subzero temperature. The compressive strain is generated by depositing Co single atoms on highly arced carbon layers with ultra‐small curvature radii ≈2 nm. The locally compressive strain on Co single atoms redistributes the electron fillings in d orbitals with different spatial orientations, thereby strengthening the adsorption of active intermediates and enhancing the activity toward ORR. As expected, compressively stressed Co single atoms outperform Co single atoms on a flat support without strain in terms of kinetic current density (31.09 mA cm−2 vs 0.35 mA cm−2) at 0.85 V during ORR. The integration of the catalyst into a Zn–air battery generates a superior power density of 54.8 mW cm−2 than the commercial Pt/C counterpart (24.1 mW cm−2) at −40 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three pargyline-phosphine copper(I) clusters, [Cu4(C≡C–C9H12N)3(PPh3)4](PF6) (1) and [Cu6(C≡C–C9H12N)4(dppy)4](X)2 (dppy = diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine; X = PF6 for 2 and X = ClO4 for 3), were synthesized. Their structures were fully characterized using various spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography, which showed that the stoichiometry and nature of pargyline and phosphine ligands play an important role in tuning the structure and photophysical features of Cu(I) clusters. Interestingly, clusters 1, 2 and 3 exhibited red, orange and yellow phosphorescence with high quantum yields of 88.5%, 22.0% and 40.2%, respectively, at room temperature. Moreover, clusters 1–3 show distinct temperature-dependent emissions. The excellent luminescence performance of 1 and 3 was designed and employed for the construction of monochrome and white light-emitting devices (LEDs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous warming of the global climate, expanding the use of renewable energy has become one of the main social responsibilities. However, as the number of installed wind turbines and their physical dimensions continue to increase, the issue of generated noise has become increasingly significant in influencing the acceptance and endorsement of wind power projects by neighboring communities. In this paper, we investigated the noise generated by two wind turbine units with rated powers of 1.5 MW and 4.5 MW and analyzed the variations in low-frequency noise during their operation and shutdown periods. This research shows that the power of a single unit has a significant impact on the low-frequency noise emitted into the environment. Compared with 1.5 MW wind turbines, 4.5 MW wind turbines generate more low-frequency noise when operating at the same wind speed. Further analysis of the narrowband frequency spectra and one-third octave spectra of the measured noise indicates that the low-frequency noise from the 4.5 MW wind turbine increases significantly in the range of approximately 80 Hz to 300 Hz, with more pronounced variations below 250 Hz corresponding to changes in wind speed. However, the overall variations in low-frequency noise with wind speed are not as notable as those observed for the 1.5 MW wind turbine. Due to the relatively weak attenuation of low-frequency noise in the atmosphere, the higher low-frequency content of large wind turbines may cause more distress to residents near wind farms. The result of this study emphasizes that in the planning and design of wind power projects, in addition to considering the efficiency of single-unit power generation and the contribution of renewable energy, it is also necessary to pay full attention to noise emission issues to ensure that the project is widely supported and accepted in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panax quinquefolius L. is an important medicinal plant, and flavonoids are among its main secondary metabolites. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor plays an irreplaceable role in plant growth, development, and secondary metabolism. In our study, we identified 159 R2R3-MYBs and analyzed their physical and chemical properties in P. quinquefolius. The protein length of 159 PqMYBs varied from 107 to 1050 amino acids. The molecular weight ranged from 12.21 to 116.44 kDa. The isoelectric point was between 4.57 and 10.34. We constructed a phylogenetic tree of P. quinquefolius and Arabidopsis thaliana R2R3-MYB family members, and PqMYB members were divided into 33 subgroups. Transcriptome data analysis showed that the expression patterns of PqMYBs in root, leaf, and flower were significantly different. Following the MeJA treatment of seedlings, five candidate PqMYB genes demonstrated a response. A correlation analysis of PqMYBs and candidate flavonoid pathway genes showed that PqMYB2, PqMYB46, and PqMYB72 had correlation coefficients that were higher than 0.8 with PqCHS, PqANS4, and PqCCoAMT10, respectively. Furthermore, a transient expression assay confirmed that the three PqMYBs were localized in the nucleus. We speculated that these three PqMYBs were related to flavonoid biosynthesis in P. quinquefolius. These results provided a theoretical basis and a new perspective for further understanding the R2R3-MYB gene family and the biosynthesis mechanism of secondary metabolites in P. quinquefolius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The casing deformation prevention technology based on the optimization of cement slurry is proposed to reduce the casing deformation of shale oil and gas wells during hydraulic fracturing. In this paper, the fracture mechanism of hollow particles in cement sheath was firstly analyzed by discrete element method, and the effect of hollow particles in cement on casing deformation was investigated by laboratory experiment method. Finally, field test was carried out to verify the improvement effect of the casing deformation based on cement slurry modification. The results show that the formation displacement can be absorbed effectively by hollow particles inside the cement transferring the excessive deformation away from casing. The particles in the uncemented state provide deformation space during formation slipping. The casing with diameter of 139.7 mm could be passed through by bridge plug with the diameter of 99 mm when the mass ratio of particle/cement reaches 1:4. According to the field test feedback, the method based on optimization of cement slurry can effectively reduce the risk of casing deformation, and the recommended range of hollow microbeads content in the cement slurry is between 15% and 25%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abiraterone and enzalutamide are used to treat advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. We compared hospitalizations during initial treatment among 19,775 U.S. veterans. We found that when accounting for prior hospitalizations, patients started on enzalutamide were hospitalized less frequently compared to abiraterone. Background: Abiraterone and enzalutamide are second generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) used to treat advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. Without head-to-head comparative studies identifying 1 agent as preferred initial therapy, physician preferences guide initial ARPI choice. This study compares hospitalizations among patients treated initially with abiraterone versus enzalutamide. Patients and Methods: United States veterans treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide between May 13, 2011 and December 31, 2019; then compared hospitalization rate during first treatment with ARPI in the Veterans Healthcare Administration. Baseline incidence rate of hospitalization was determined from data 1 year prior to ARPI. Incidence Rate Difference (IRD) was calculated using χ2 test and difference in IRD using Poisson Regression. Results: 19,775 veterans were identified; 13,527 (68.4%) were initially treated with abiraterone and 6248 (31.6%) initially with enzalutamide. The enzalutamide cohort was older (75.8 vs. 74.5 years, P < .001) and had higher baseline comorbidities at ARPI initiation (4.4 vs. 4.0, P < .001). Patients were treated with enzalutamide longer than abiraterone (median 9.0 vs. 8.0 months, P < .001). Total hospitalizations increased from 465 per 1000 person-years in the year prior to treatment with abiraterone to 567 during treatment. Total hospitalizations increased from 417 per 1000 person-years in the year prior to treatment with enzalutamide to 430 during treatment. Total rate of hospitalization increased 22% for abiraterone compared to a 3% increase for enzalutamide in the 12 months after ARPI initiation (P < .0001). Abiraterone was associated with greater increase in rates of acute heart failure, atrial fibrillation, acute kidney injur y, urinar y tract infections, sepsis, and pneumonia. Conclusion: By comparing the rate of hospitalization before vs. during treatment, real world analyses identified a 22% versus 3% increase in hospitalizations with abiraterone compared to enzalutamide respectively, despite being used in a younger population with less comorbid disease. Abiraterone was also associated with higher risk of infections, a novel finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study constructs a power switching device open-circuit fault diagnosis model for a three-level neutral point clamped inverter based on the multi-scale shuffled convolutional neural network (MSSCNN) and extracts and classifies the fault information contained in the output current of inverters. The model employs depthwise separable convolution and channel shuffle techniques to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce model complexity. The experimental results show that the new model has lower model complexity, better noise resistance and higher average diagnostic accuracy compared with fault diagnosis models based on CNN, ResNet, ShuffleNet V2 and Mobilenet V3 networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening disease characterized by multiple organ failure due to excessive activation of the inflammatory response and cytokine storm. Despite recent advances in the clinical use of anti-cytokine biologics, sepsis treatment efficacy and improvements in mortality remain unsatisfactory, largely due to the mechanistic complexity of immune regulation and cytokine interactions. Methods: In this study, a broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and endotoxin neutralization strategy was developed based on autologous "cryo-shocked" neutrophils (CS-Neus) for the management of sepsis. Neutrophils were frozen to death using a novel liquid nitrogen "cryo-shock" strategy. The CS-Neus retained the source cell membrane structure and functions related to inflammatory site targeting, broad-spectrum inflammatory cytokines, and endotoxin (LPS) neutralizing properties. This strategy aimed to disable harmful pro-inflammatory functions of neutrophils, such as cytokine secretion. Autologous cell-based therapy strategies were employed to avoid immune rejection and enhance treatment safety. Results: In both LPS-induced sepsis mouse models and clinical patient-derived blood samples, CS-Neus treatment significantly ameliorated cytokine storms by removing inflammatory cytokines and endotoxin. The therapy showed notable anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects and improved the survival rate of mice. Discussion: The results of this study demonstrate the potential of autologous "cryo-shocked" neutrophils as a promising therapeutic approach for managing sepsis. By targeting inflammatory organs and exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity, CS-Neus offer a novel strategy to combat the complexities of sepsis treatment. Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate the efficacy and safety of this approach in broader populations and settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin coatings are subject to scratch and wear damage in tribological applications. Scratch hardness numbers are used to evaluate scratch and abrasive wear resistance. Few studies have measured the scratch hardness of thin films, and a proper scratch hardness measurement method for thin coatings is still lacking. In this study, the scratch hardness of these DLC coatings was measured at both micro-scale and nano-scale, respectively. The micro-scratch test using a 200 µm tip is an inapplicable method because the substrate effect has dominated the scratch hardness measurement. On the other hand, a nano-scratch hardness test using a sharper tip is an effective method to measure the scratch hardness of thin coatings. Although the scratch hardness introduces a lateral force compared with the indentation hardness, it well correlates with the nano-indentation hardness. The ratio of the scratch hardness to the indentation hardness is close to 1 for DLC coatings due to the amorphous structure. It proves that the tangential force induced by scratching does not influence the hardness property. In addition, a simple approach is proposed to obtain the scratch hardness of DLC coatings qualitatively without width measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropical karst habitats are characterized by limited and patchy soil, large rocky outcrops and porous substrates, resulting in high habitat heterogeneity and soil moisture fluctuations. Xylem hydraulic efficiency and safety can determine the drought adaptation and spatial distribution of woody plants growing in karst environments. In this study, we measured sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity (K s), vulnerability to embolism, wood density, saturated water content, and vessel and pit anatomical characteristics in the branch stems of 12 evergreen tree species in a tropical karst seasonal rainforest in southwestern China. We aimed to characterize the effects of structural characteristics on hydraulic efficiency and safety. Our results showed that there was no significant correlation between K s and hydraulic safety across the tropical karst woody species. K s was correlated with hydraulic vessel diameter (r  = 0.80, P  < 0.05) and vessel density (r  = −0.60, P  < 0.05), while the stem water potential at 50 and 88% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P 50 and P 88) were both significantly correlated with wood density (P  < 0.05) and saturated water content (P  = 0.052 and P  < 0.05, respectively). High stem water storage capacity was associated with low cavitation resistance possibly because of its buffering the moisture fluctuations in karst environments. However, both K s and P 50 /P 88 were decoupled from the anatomical traits of pit and pit membranes. This may explain the lack of tradeoff between hydraulic safety and efficiency in tropical karst evergreen tree species. Our results suggest that diverse hydraulic trait combination may facilitate species coexistence in karst environments with high spatial heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient chlorobenzene‐degrading strain was isolated from the sludge of a sewage treatment plant associated with a pharmaceutical company. The strain exhibited a similarity of over 99.9% with multiple strains of Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens. Therefore, the strain was suggested to be P. ureafaciens LY. This novel strain exhibited a broad spectrum of pollutant degradation capabilities, effectively degrading chlorobenzene and other organic pollutants, such as 1, 2, 4‐trichlorobenzene, phenol, and xylene. Moreover, P. ureafaciens LY co‐metabolized mixtures of chlorobenzene with 1, 2, 4‐trichlorobenzene or phenol. Evaluation of its degradation efficiency showed that it achieved an impressive degradation rate of 94.78% for chlorobenzene within 8 h. The Haldane–Andrews model was used to describe the growth of P. ureafaciens LY under specific pollutants and its concentrations, revealing a maximum specific growth rate (μmax) of 0.33 h−1. The isolation and characterization of P. ureafaciens LY, along with its ability to degrade chlorobenzene, provides valuable insights for the development of efficient and eco‐friendly approaches to mitigate chlorobenzene contamination. Additionally, investigation of the degradation performance of the strain in the presence of other pollutants offers important information for understanding the complexities of co‐metabolism in mixed‐pollutant environments. Significance statement: The degradation efficiency of chlorobenzene in waste gas is difficult to deal with its high volatility and molecular stability. However, the research on treatment technology of typical chlorine‐containing volatile organic compounds is still concerned. A highly efficient chlorobenzene‐degrading strain, identified as Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens LY, was successfully isolated from the sludge of a sewage treatment plant associated with a pharmaceutical factory. Its degradation efficiency was evaluated and found that it achieved an impressive degradation rate of chlorobenzene within 8 h. We believe that our study makes a contribution to the insight into solving the pollution of chlorobenzene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retronasal aroma of Baijiu is closely related to its quality and consumer preference. Retronasal detection thresholds (RDTs) of 44 aroma compounds were determined in 46% v/v ethanol using a three‐alternative forced‐choice procedure, which varied widely and ranged from less than 0.02 to over 1,000,000 µg/L. Nineteen aroma compounds, including β‐phenylethanol, 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylpyrazine, dimethyl trisulfide, and 2‐methyl‐3‐(methyldisulfanyl)furan, had RDTs lower than their orthonasal detection thresholds. Power function curves were used to establish correlations between RDTs and partition coefficients for five esters and four pyrazines (R2 = 0.9575, 0.9969, respectively). Twenty‐nine aroma compounds had retronasal odor activity values >1 in a soy sauce aroma type Baijiu. Additionally, time‐intensity (TI) results suggested that hexanoic acid, ethyl hexanoate, isoamyl acetate, 3‐methyl‐butanal, and nonanal contributed to a "burst‐aroma" of Baijiu. Conversely, TI results attributed the "after‐odor" of Baijiu to dimethyl trisulfide, methional, 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylpyrazine, β‐phenylethanol, and other compounds. Practical Application: This manuscript provides comprehensive information on the retronasal sensory characteristics of aroma compounds in Baijiu. The results obtained may help understand the contribution of aroma compounds to retronasal aroma perception during Baijiu tasting and give helpful information to the Baijiu industry regarding quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoSe 2 has become one of the most appealing non-noble metal catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the field of electrolysis water due to its abundant resources and good activity. Inversely, its slow kinetic behavior is still restrained, which plays a negative influence for high-efficiency HER. Herein, a certain of Ni or S was introduced into the (100) crystal facet of CoSe 2 on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Thermodynamic calculation results reveal that the HER activity for CoSe 1 S 1 is relatively better than those of Ni 0.375 Co 0.625 Se 2 and pristine CoSe 2 when a certain of S atoms were introduced into CoSe 2. More strikingly, the active sites of CoSe 1 S 1 are reversed from cationic Co to anion S, which is close to the ideal value (0) of Gibbs free energy. Meanwhile, the kinetic performance of H adsorbed on the anionic S or Se site is optimal, and their migration energy barrier is lower in comparison with 1/2 of the cationic Co site. According to the electronic structure analysis, the conductivity of CoSe 1 S 1 is prominent than other counterparts (such as Ni 0.375 Co 0.625 Se 2 and CoSe 2). This work indicates that CoSe 1 S 1 exhibits an excellent catalytic performance for HER, and offers theoretical guidance in the aspect of experiments for designing high-efficient HER catalysts. [Display omitted] • The doping of S into Se sites of CoSe 2 was systematically investigated. • The CoSe 1 S 1 presented more active sites and high conductivity. • The S sites in CoSe 1 S 1 are thermodynamically beneficial for HER catalysis. • The kinetic rate of S sites is superior to that of Co within CoSe 1 S 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological endocrine disease and could be considered a metabolic disease because it is often accompanied by obesity and insulin resistance. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) transplantation has been shown to be effective in treating PCOS rats. Results: The study demonstrated that BAT successfully recovered the reproductive and metabolic phenotype of PCOS rats. The disorder estrous cycle, abnormal hyperglycemia and the expression of liver factors were improved. Differentially expressed metabolites were analyzed, among them, arachidonic acid may play a role in inhibiting cell proliferation, enhancing oxidative stress reaction, promoting estrogen expression, and reducing progesterone level in KGN cells. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that BAT transplantation may be a therapeutic strategy for PCOS by changing the expression of some cytokines and metabolites. Differentially expressed metabolites might be crucially important for the pathogenesis of PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gaseous phytohormone ethylene plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. In the ethylene signal transduction cascade, the F-box proteins EIN3-BINDING F-BOX 1 (EBF1) and EBF2 are identified as key negative regulators governing ethylene sensitivity. The translation and processing of EBF1/2 mRNAs are tightly controlled, and their 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) are critical in these regulations. However, despite their significance, the exact mechanisms modulating the processing of EBF1/2 mRNAs remain poorly understood. In this work, we identified the gene DCP1-ASSOCIATED NYN ENDORIBONUCLEASE 1 (DNE1), which encodes an endoribonuclease and is induced by ethylene treatment, as a positive regulator of ethylene response. The loss of function mutant dne1-2 showed mild ethylene insensitivity, highlighting the importance of DNE1 in ethylene signaling. We also found that DNE1 colocalizes with ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2), the core factor manipulating the translation of EBF1/2, and targets the P-body in response to ethylene. Further analysis revealed that DNE1 negatively regulates the abundance of EBF1/2 mRNAs by recognizing and cleaving their 3′UTRs, and it also represses their translation. Moreover, the dne1 mutant displays hypersensitivity to 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT)-induced ER stress and oxidative stress, indicating the function of DNE1 in stress responses. This study sheds light on the essential role of DNE1 as a modulator of ethylene signaling through regulation of EBF1/2 mRNA processing. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the intricate regulatory process of ethylene signaling and provide insights into the significance of ribonuclease in stress responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light plays a central role in plant growth and development, providing an energy source and governing various aspects of plant morphology. Previous study showed that many polyadenylated full-length RNA molecules within the nucleus contain unspliced introns (post-transcriptionally spliced introns, PTS introns), which may play a role in rapidly responding to changes in environmental signals. However, the mechanism underlying post-transcriptional regulation during initial light exposure of young, etiolated seedlings remains elusive. In this study, we used FLEP-seq2, a Nanopore-based sequencing technique, to analyze nuclear RNAs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings under different light conditions and found numerous light-responsive PTS introns. We also used single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to profile transcripts in single nucleus and investigate the distribution of light-responsive PTS introns across distinct cell types. We established that light-induced PTS introns are predominant in mesophyll cells during seedling de-etiolation following exposure of etiolated seedlings to light. We further demonstrated the involvement of the splicing-related factor A. thaliana PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE 5 (AtPRMT5), working in concert with the E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), a critical repressor of light signaling pathways. We showed that these two proteins orchestrate light-induced PTS events in mesophyll cells and facilitate chloroplast development, photosynthesis, and morphogenesis in response to ever-changing light conditions. These findings provide crucial insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying plant acclimation to light at the cell-type level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibody tests are used as surveillance tools for informing health policy making. However, results may vary by type of antibody assay and timing of sample collection following infection. Long-term longitudinal cohort studies on antibody assay seropositivity have remained limited, especially among Asian populations. Using blood samples obtained at health physicals (2020–2022) of healthcare workers (mass vaccinated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines) at a Japanese medical center, we measured N-specific antibodies using two commercially available systems. Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 measures total antibodies and Abbott Alinity SARS-CoV-2 IgG measures only IgG. Among 2538 participants, seroprevalence was found to be 16.6% via total antibody assay versus 12.9% by IgG-only (including grayzone) by mid-June 2022. For 219 cases with a previous PCR-confirmed infection, positivity was 97.3% using total antibody assay versus 76.3% using IgG-only assay at the 2022 health physical. Using PCR positive test date as day 0, while the positivity of the total antibody assay was retained for the entire study period (until more than 24-months post-infection), the IgG-only assay’s positivity declined after month 4. The Mantel–Haenszel test found a significant difference in the two assays’ seropositivity, between stratified groups of “within 3 months” and “4 months or more” from infection (P < 0.001). Our study found significant differences in seropositivity over time of total antibody versus IgG-only assays, suggesting an optimal assay for retaining sensitivity over the entire infection period when designing seroprevalence studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe cultured meat technology has developed rapidly in recent years, but there are still many technical challenges that hinder the large-scale production and commercialization of cultured meat. Firstly, it is necessary to lay the foundation for cultured meat production by obtaining seed cells and maintaining stable cell functions. Next, technologies such as bioreactors are used to expand the scale of cell culture, and three-dimensional culture technologies such as scaffold culture or 3D printing are used to construct the three-dimensional structure of cultured meat. At the same time, it can reduce production costs by developing serum-free medium suitable for cultured meat. Finally, the edible quality of cultured meat is improved by evaluating food safety and sensory flavor, and combining ethical and consumer acceptability issues. Therefore, this review fully demonstrates the current development status and existing technical challenges of the cultured meat production technology with regard to the key points described above, in order to provide research ideas for the industrial production of cultured meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulation of photodissociation dynamics of oriented LiH molecules in different dissociation channels is proposed based on time dependent quantum wave packet theory. The enhancement of molecular orientation on the photodissociation of LiH is obvious with our theoretical scheme. The results show that the molecular orientation in the ground state has a great effect on the angular distributions of wave packets. By using the proper laser pulses and controlling the polarization direction of the laser pulses, the enhancement of the photodissociation could be realized. After the molecular orientation, an optimal dissociation channel is observed with an improved dissociation probability. Compared with the results without molecular orientation, the maximal dissociation probability is increased by 8.1% in the indirect dissociation channel and 30.7% in the direct dissociation channel. The enhancement effect is more obvious in the direct dissociation channel, which provides a possible method to manipulate the dissociation of LiH molecules experimentally. Additionally, the photodissociation process of LiH also relies on the electric intensity and delay time of two pump pulses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the ship multi-scale phenomenon is very common in visible video, it is an important factor affecting the performance of visible video ship detection. Based on YOLOv5s, this paper proposes a real-time multi-scale ship detection algorithm. First, reparameterized convolution is adopted to increase the network width, thereby enhancing the network’s ability to express multi-scale ship features. Second, the depth of SPPF (Spatial Pyramid Pooling Fast) is adjusted to enhance the scale invariance of ship features extracted from the network. Third, the attention module is combined with feature pyramid network to enhance the network’s ability to focus on multi-scale ship features. Finally, confidence propagation cluster is used for post-processing to make the network generation more confident and closer to the boundary box of the real box. The experiment shows that our method can achieve state-of-the-art visible video ship detection performance on multiple evaluation indicators, such as mAP-IOU@0.5, mAP-IOU@[0.5:0.95], APS, APM, APL and so on. And it can meet the requirements of real-time detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of Gram-positive, non-respiring, non-spore-forming bacteria, cocci or rods, which produce lactic acid as the solely or main end product of carbohydrates fermentation. Some strains of LAB are probiotics that play important role in food processing and safety, as well as in maintaining human health as an integral part of the microbiota, that could be widely found in fermented foods, such as yogurt, cheese, kimchi, and wine. Streptococcus thermophilus, a species of LAB, exhibits probiotic effects, including alleviation of lactose intolerance, chronic gastritis, diarrhea, and bacteriostatic effects on pathogens. Recently, S. thermophilus in fermented products has attracted increasing research interest. However, the sources of new isolates of S. thermophilus are limited, so it is necessary to screen a large number of diverse habitats and functionally enriched selection to discover new and useful strains. This review summarizes the results related to insulation and identification, safety assessments and metabolic properties of S. thermophilus. Functional properties, its application in the production of fermented products, the development of new perspectives, as well as shortcomings are discussed in detail, in order to facilitate future research and application of S. thermophilus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure post OPC data quality, examination based on estimated resist contours at resist bottom alone is insufficient, reliable prediction of lithography performance within process window must rely on complete information of on-wafer resist 3D structures. In this regard, resist 3D structure model, in particular, the through focus resist 3D structure model, with full chip capability will be the ultimate model in demand. To develop machine learning resist 3D structure models,we have proposed the physics-based information encoding scheme, together with carefully chosen deep convolution neural network and model training strategies. Our proposed through focus resist 3D structure model is based on conditional U-net structure with first five eigen images as model’s main inputs and the focus setting as the conditional input. The average normalized cross correlation (NCC) or mean structure similarity index between ground truth and model predicted resist 3D structures can reach 0.92. With single GPU (Tesla M60), it takes 6.1ms for the model to produce resist 3D structure covering area of 1.8umx1.8 $\mu {\mathrm{ m}}$. The model is fast enough and can be engineered for full chip implementation. The model can extend the capability of detecting lithography process window aware resist loss related hotspots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a common vascular enlargement that occurs in the wall of cerebral vessels and frequently leads to fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage. PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 (PDLIM1) is a cytoskeletal protein that functions as a platform for multiple protein complex formation. However, whether PDLIM is involved in the pathogenesis of IA remains poorly understood. Methods: Loss-of-function and gain-of-function strategies were employed to determine the in vitro roles of PDLIM1 in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). A rat model of IA was generated to study the role of PDLIM1 in vivo. Gene expression profiling, Western blotting, and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to uncover the underlying cellular mechanism. Clinical IA samples were used to determine the expression of PDLIM1 and its downstream signaling molecules. Results: PDLIM1 expression was reduced in the endothelial cells of IA and was regulated by Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). Genetic silencing of PDLIM1 inhibited the viability, migratory ability, and tube formation ability of VECs. Opposite results were obtained by ectopic expression of PDLIM1. Additionally, PDLIM1 overexpression mitigated IA in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PDLIM1 promoted the transcriptional activity of β-catenin and induced the expression of v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) and cyclin D1 (CCND1). In clinical settings, reduced expression of PDLIM1 and β-catenin downstream target genes was observed in human IA samples. Conclusion: Our study indicates that YAP1-dependent expression of PDLIM1 can inhibit IA development by modulating the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and that PDLIM1 deficiency in VECs may represent a potential marker of aggressive disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction often cause myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) and poor prognosis of patients. This study aimed to explore the protective effect and potential mechanism of hydromorphone hydrochloride (HH) on MIRI. Fifty Sprague–Dawley male rats were randomly divided into Sham group, I/R group, HH‐pre group, HH‐post group, and HH‐pre + post group. Except Sham group, MIRI models were established by ligating and relaxing the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by tail vein injection of HH (0.3 μmol/L) 10 min before ligation (HH‐pre group), 10 min after reperfusion (HH‐post group), and twice at the above two time points (HH‐pre + post group). After intervention, the cardiac function of rats was evaluated by echocardiography, and the levels of myocardial injury markers, oxidative stress indicators, and mitochondrial function indicators were detected. Next, the myocardial infarction area was evaluated by 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, mitochondrial biogenesis, and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway by western blot. Compared with the I/R group, HH intervention improved cardiac function, decreased myocardial infarction area, reduced serum myocardial injury markers, alleviated oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial function, up‐regulated mitochondrial biogenesis, and activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, the HH‐pre + post group was superior to the HH‐pre and HH‐post groups in the above aspects. Collectively, HH had protective effect on MIRI rats, and HH preconditioning combined with postconditioning showed optimal efficacy. Such efficacy may be achieved by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis to improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress, and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safe deployment of time-series classifiers for real-world applications relies on the ability to detect the data that is not generated from the same distribution as training data. This task is referred to as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. We consider the novel problem of OOD detection for the time-series domain. We discuss the unique challenges posed by time-series data and explain why prior methods from the image domain will perform poorly. Motivated by these challenges, this article proposes a novel Seasonal Ratio Scoring (SRS) approach. SRS consists of three key algorithmic steps. First, each input is decomposed into class-wise semantic component and remainder. Second, this decomposition is employed to estimate the class-wise conditional likelihoods of the input and remainder using deep generative models. The seasonal ratio score is computed from these estimates. Third, a threshold interval is identified from the in-distribution data to detect OOD examples. Experiments on diverse real-world benchmarks demonstrate that the SRS method is well-suited for time-series OOD detection when compared to baseline methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety and depression can influence adherence to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP). However, there is limited research on the temporal dynamics of anxiety and depression among men who have sex with men (MSM) using PrEP. Methods: From December 2018 to November 2020, we administered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to participants in the China Real-World Oral Intake of PrEP (CROPrEP) to measure their anxiety and depression levels. The group-based trajectory model (GBTM) depicted the dynamic changes of anxiety and depression scores over time. Results: A total of 1023 MSM were included, with 4523 follow-up assessments. The GBTM categorized the trajectories into three distinct patterns: consistently low (54.8% for anxiety, 60.7% for depression), consistently moderate (39.3% for anxiety, 31.4% for depression), and high but bell-shaped (5.9% for anxiety, 7.9% for depression). Higher anxiety levels were associated with being aged 18–30 years old, earning less than US$619 per month, female-identifying, adopting the bottom sexual role with men, and having two or more anal sex partners in the past three months; similarly, higher depression levels correlated with a monthly income under US$619, female-identifying, sexual behavior as bottom and a positive syphilis at baseline. PrEP adherence was notably lower in the high but bell-shaped anxiety and depression group compared to the other groups, particularly at the 12th-month follow-up. Conclusions: Close monitoring of anxiety and depression levels in MSM on PrEP is crucial. Provision of targeted mental health support is essential to enhance PrEP effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Specific retinal abnormalities of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) commonly include retinal astrocytoma and combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Vasculopathy is an uncommon manifestation of NF2. We reported an NF2 patient presenting with retinal ischemia. Observations. An 18-year-old healthy Chinese female with acute decreased vision. The fundus examination and optical coherence tomography revealed optic disc hamartoma in the right eye and paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and cotton wool spot indicating retinal ischemia in the left eye. Brain MRI showed bilateral acoustic neuroma, parasellar meningioma, and cervical extramedullary tumor. The genetic test confirmed the diagnosis of NF2. Conclusions and Importance. Our case suggests that retinal ischemia could be the presenting sign of NF2. NF2 could be associated with retinal vasculopathy in addition to retina tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gut epithelium is the first natural barrier against Trichinella spiralis larval invasion, but the mechanism by which larval penetration of gut epithelium is not completely elucidated. Previous studies showed that proteases secreted by T. spiralis intestinal infective larvae (IIL) degraded tight junctions (TJs) proteins of gut epithelium and mediated larval invasion. A new T. spiralis serine proteinase (TsSPc) was identified in the IIL surface proteins and ES proteins, rTsSPc bound to the intestinal epithelial cell (IECs) and promoted larval invasion of IECs. The aim of this study was to characterize the interacted proteins of TsSPc and IECs, and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of TsSPc mediating larval invasion of gut mucosa. Methodology/Principal finding: IIFT results showed natural TsSPc was detected in infected murine intestine at 6, 12 hours post infection (hpi) and 3 dpi. The results of GST pull-down, mass spectrometry (MS) and Co-IP indicated that rTsSPc bound and interacted specifically with receptor for activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1) in Caco-2 cells. rTsSPc did not directly hydrolyze the TJs proteins. qPCR and Western blot showed that rTsSPc up-regulated RACK1 expression, activated MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway, reduced the expression levels of gut TJs (occludin and claudin-1) and adherent protein E-cad, increased the paracellular permeability and damaged the integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier. Moreover, the RACK1 inhibitor HO and ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor PD98059 abolished the rTsSPc activating ERK1/2 pathway, they also inhibited and abrogated the rTsSPc down-regulating expression of occludin, claudin-1 and E-cad in Caco-2 monolayer and infected murine intestine, impeded larval invasion and improved intestinal epithelial integrity and barrier function, reduced intestinal worm burdens and alleviated intestinal inflammation. Conclusions: rTsSPc bound to RACK1 receptor in gut epithelium, activated MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway, decreased the expression of gut epithelial TJs proteins and disrupted the epithelial integrity, consequently mediated T. spiralis larval invasion of gut epithelium. The results are valuable to understand T. spiralis invasion mechanism, and TsSPc might be regarded as a vaccine target against T. spiralis invasion and infection. Author summary: A novel T. spiralis serine proteinase (TsSPc) was identified in excretory/secretory proteins (ESP) of intestinal infective larvae (IIL). The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of TsSPc action in larval invasion of intestinal epithelium. IIFT showed that natural rTsSPc bound to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), IFT and mass spectrometry verified that rTsSPc specifically bound to the RACK1 receptor in Caco-2 cells, activated MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, as demonstrated by increased expression of RACK1 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2). Binding of rTsSPc to RACK1 and activation of MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway significantly decreased expression of gut epithelium TJs proteins (occludin, claudin-1 and E-cad), paracellular permeability was obviously increased. Besides, HO (RACK1 inhibitor) and PD98059 (ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor) suppressed and abolished the rTsSPc activating ERK1/2 pathway, and abrogated the rTsSPc down-regulating expression of occludin, claudin-1 and E-cad in Caco-2 monolayer and infected murine intestine, impeded larval invasion and improved intestinal epithelial integrity and barrier function, decreased intestinal worm burdens and meliorated intestinal inflammation. The results indicated that TsSPc binding to gut epithelial RACK1 receptor activated MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway, decreased expression of gut TJs proteins, and destroyed gut epithelial integrity, thereby mediated T. spiralis larval invasion of gut mucosa. rTsSPc might be a candidate vaccine target to block T. spiralis larval intrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the existence of the magnetic pole edge effect, the actual cogging torque of the existing segmented step skew motor does not reach the theoretical minimum. Thus, a method for suppressing cogging torque of permanent magnet synchronous motor considering the magnetic pole edge effect is proposed. The magnetic pole edge effect is creatively converted into the amplitude and phase offset of the cogging torque generated by each pole segment. On this basis, an optimization problem is constructed in which the fundamental component of cogging torque is zero and the total harmonics is minimum. The optimal magnetic pole length and skew angle parameters of each segment are obtained by solving the optimization problem quantitatively. The results can provide theoretical guidance for motor design, which can minimize the cogging torque of step skew structures. The effectiveness of the proposed method in weakening the cogging torque of the step skew motor is demonstrated by theoretical calculation, 3D finite element analysis, and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study undertook a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles aimed to investigate how pilot-related causal factors contribute to runway incursions (RIs). Unauthorized entry onto an active runway, referred to as a "runway incursion" continues to present a safety risk in aviation. It is important to understand the cause of runway incursions and the underlying factors of why pilots commit runway incursions from a human factor perspective. A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize and summarize the relevant findings from previous studies. Literature searches were conducted through eight databases with an emphasis on studies that identify causal factors related to pilot behavior. Limited publications on the analysis of pilot-related contributing factors of runway incursions were identified from 1985 to 2021. Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. The review uncovered the common types of RIs, and the leading contributing factors associated with pilot error, such as miscommunication and loss of situational awareness. The evaluated studies provided possible mitigation solutions focusing on technical system, but no clear solution on how to prevent such errors systematically from a human factor perspective was revealed. Overall, the results provide insight into pilot behavior regarding runway incursions and provide a basis for future research to improve runway safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk factors for severe COVID-19 associated with people living with HIV (PLWH) have not been well studied in Japan. In this study, we aim to reveal how having AIDS and comorbidities affect adverse COVID-19 outcomes. This observational, retrospective study examined the clinical outcomes for PLWH hospitalized as COVID-19 inpatients in Japan, using data extracted from hospitals with the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) system between January 2020 and December 2021. From 4672 records of HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, 85 adult PLWH became hospitalized with COVID-19. The associations between patients' AIDS diagnosis, comorbidities, and their adverse COVID-19 outcomes (mild/moderate and severe/death) were analyzed. Among 85 studied patients, 78 were male (91.8%) with mean (SD) age of 48 (14.4) years. 75 (88.2%) were found to be COVID-19 mild/moderate; 9 (10.6%) were severe; 1 (1.2%) died. Older age (p = 0.002) and hypertension (p = 0.032) were significantly associated with progressing to severe COVID-19 or death. AIDS and other AIDS-defining illnesses were not found to be significant risk factors in this study. While interpretation of the results from this hospital claim database study warrants caution, we found that among PLWH hospitalized as COVID-19 inpatients in Japan, those who are older or with hypertension have a higher risk for progression to severe COVID-19 outcomes, suggesting a careful monitoring of clinical course for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese exercise ("TCE" management modalities), including but not limited to Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Yijinjing, has a good effect on improving the physical function of patients with knee osteoarthritis, but less attention has been paid to the impact on the psychological health of patients, and currently there is insufficient evidence to support it. We conducted this study to provide a systematic synthesis of best evidence regarding the physical and mental health of patients with knee osteoarthritis treated by traditional Chinese exercise. Literature on the effectiveness of traditional Chinese exercise (Tai Chi, Baduanjin, Yijinjing, Qigong, etc.) versus conventional therapy (muscle‐strength training of the lower extremity and aerobic training, wellness education, quadriceps strengthening exercises, etc.) on Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analog scale (VAS), Short Form‐36 (SF‐36), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) from Pubmed, Web of Science, Ovid Technologies, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, and SinoMed were collected from their inception to April 2022. Thirty‐three studies with 2621 cases were included in this study. The study's results indicated that compared with conventional therapy, traditional Chinese exercise had more advantages on patients' WOMAC score, significantly reducing patients' overall WOMAC score (SMD = −0.99; 95% CI: −1.38, −0.60; p < 0.00001) and relieving pain (SMD = −0.76; 95% CI: −1.11, −0.40; p < 0.0001) in patients with KOA. It also has advantages over conventional therapy in improving mental component score (MCS) (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI: −0.00, 0.65; p = 0.05) and physical component score (PCS) (SMD = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.62; p = 0.02). Compared with conventional therapy, traditional Chinese exercise can significantly reduce the effect on timed up and go test (TUG) score (SMD = −0.30; 95% CI: −0.50, −0.11; p = 0.002), beck depression inventory (DBI) score (SMD = −0.62; 95% CI: −1.03, −0.22; p = 0.002), and increase the impact on Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score (SMD = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.83; p < 0.00001). The findings of this study indicated that traditional Chinese exercise improved body function and mental health in patients with knee osteoarthritis significantly. More high‐quality clinical evidence‐based data was needed to confirm the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese exercise on the physical and mental health in KOA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology explores the use of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) in improving skin barrier damage caused by photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with port-wine stains (PWS). The study involved 58 patients who received PDT treatment and were divided into a GA group and a control group. After 4 weeks of using a GA-based medical dressing, the GA group showed significant improvement in skin roughness and skin barrier function compared to the control group. The study suggests that GA may have immunoregulatory properties that can effectively improve PDT-induced skin damage and may have potential as a treatment for dermatitis. The research was conducted at Wuhan No. 1 Hospital in China and was supported by various funding sources. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Family caregiver interventions are essential to support dementia caregiving. However, such interventions are typically complex and consist of multiple components. Existing evidence rarely delineates the effectiveness and interactions between individual components. To optimise intervention, we adopt the multiphase optimisation strategy (MOST) to test the implementation fidelity and determine the effect of each component and the interactions between each component and the corresponding outcome. Methods: A prospective, assessor-blinded, randomised clinical trial with fractional factorial design using the MOST principle. Two hundred fifty family dementia caregivers will be randomised to one of 16 experimental conditions in a fractional factorial design involving six intervention components: (1) dementia and caregiving education; (2) self-care skills; (3) behavioural symptom management; (4) behavioural activation; (5) modified mindfulness-based cognitive therapy; and (6) support group. The first one is the core component, and the five remaining will be examined. Physical health, caregiver burden, stress, psychological well-being, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and social support will be assessed over the 12-month study period. Following the intention-to-treat principle, linear mixed models and regression analyses will be used to examine the specific effect of the five components and their two-way interactions to propose the most effective combination. Discussion: This is the first study adopting the multiphase optimisation strategy to identify the most active and engaging components of a psychological intervention for caregivers of patients with dementia. In view that dementia caregiver interventions are increasingly diversified and complex, such knowledge is important to maximise the intervention efficacy and allow the intervention to be implemented within an efficient timeframe and dosage. The optimisation of caregiver support interventions is critical to enhance the health outcomes of caregivers and care recipients, thereby, delaying possible institutionalisation and reducing the costs of long-term dementia care. Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered in the WHO Primary Registry – Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2300071235). (Protocol date 30/10/2020; version identifier 2020–2021-0045). Registered on 9 May, 2023. Reporting method: SPIRIT guideline was followed. Patient or public contribution: No patient or public involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution has been widely considered by researchers, especially the heavy metals damage to the human and ecological environment is irreversible. Adsorption is an important method to remove heavy metal ions from the environment. In this paper, humic acid (HA) was functionalized by the improved Hummers method, and its adsorption capacity for Pb(II) was studied. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Roman, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) showed that the thickness of irregular particles decreases to a layered structure during the transformation process. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) spectra showed that the surface of oxidized-biochar (OBC) was rich in reactive oxygen species, which was conducive to the formation of coordination bonds with Pb(II). Further adsorption experiments showed that it was a spontaneous monolayer chemisorption. The results of the DFT calculation showed that -COOH had the lowest adsorption energy for Pb(II), and it was easier to form stable chemical bonds than -OH, -C=O, and -C-O-C-. Because those oxygen-containing functional groups not only can promote electrostatic attraction but also are more favorable for forming a covalent bond with Pb(II). This study had guiding significance for the deep modification and application of weathered coal as a heavy metal ion adsorbent or cation exchanger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feedback processing is commonly studied by analyzing the brain's response to discrete rather than continuous events. Such studies have led to the hypothesis that rapid phasic midbrain dopaminergic activity tracks reward prediction errors (RPEs), the effects of which are measurable at the scalp via electroencephalography (EEG). Although studies using continuous feedback are sparse, recent animal work suggests that moment‐to‐moment changes in reward are tracked by slowly ramping midbrain dopaminergic activity. Some have argued that these ramping signals index state values rather than RPEs. Our goal here was to develop an EEG measure of continuous feedback processing in humans, then test whether its behavior could be accounted for by the RPE hypothesis. Participants completed a stimulus–response learning task in which a continuous reward cue gradually increased or decreased over time. A regression‐based unmixing approach revealed EEG activity with a topography and time course consistent with the stimulus‐preceding negativity (SPN), a scalp potential previously linked to reward anticipation and tonic dopamine release. Importantly, this reward‐related activity depended on outcome expectancy: as predicted by the RPE hypothesis, activity for expected reward cues was reduced compared to unexpected reward cues. These results demonstrate the possibility of using human scalp‐recorded potentials to track continuous feedback processing, and test candidate hypotheses of this activity. Our work demonstrates the possibility of using EEG to measure continuous feedback processing in humans. We used a regression‐based approach to reveal continuous feedback activity consistent with previous reports of tonic dopamine release. The activity was greatest for unexpected feedback, in line with the hypothesis that tonic dopamine signals a reward prediction error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the Invariant Subspace Problem for Hilbert spaces is equivalent to the statement that all minimal non-trivial invariant subspaces for a universal operator are one dimensional. In this paper, we characterize all linear fractional composition operators and their adjoints that have universal translates on the space S 2 (D) . Moreover, we characterize all adjoints of linear fractional composition operators that have universal translates on the Hardy space H 2 (D) . In addition, we consider the minimal invariant subspaces of the composition operator C φ a on S 2 (D) , where ϕa(z) = az + 1 − a, a ∈ (0, 1). Finally, some relationships between complex symmetry and universality for bounded linear operators and commuting pairs of operators on a complex separable, infinite dimensional Hilbert space are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the assistance of N-donor ligand 1,4-bi(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene (1,4-bib), Co(II) reacts with 5-((4-carboxyphenoxy)-methyl)isophthalic acid (H3L) under hydrothermal condition to form a compound [Co3(L3−)2(1,4-bib)4]·4H2O (1). The both contributions of semi-rigid tricarboxylic ligand L3− and rigid 1,4-bib leads to predictably high dimensional structure. Compound 1 crystallizes in a complicated 3D network, which can be simplified as 3,6,8-conn topology. For the correlation between structure and property, the structural feature is well reflected in the magnetic property: a carboxylato group bridges two Co(II) paramagnetic ions. Within the dinuclear subunit, significant anti-ferromagnetic interactions are observed. A novel 3D Co(II) compound 1 is formed via hydrothermal reaction in this work. Antiferromagnetic interactions between two neighbour cations coordinated by one carboxylato group are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multicolor electrochromic material based on polyoxometalate and a dye with pH and voltage dual-adjustment was studied. The material (PEI/[PEI/P2W18/PEI/AR]30/PEI (P2W18-AR) film) was prepared by a simple layer-by-layer method and tested in several solutions of different pH (pH 2.00, pH 4.00, and pH 6.00), referred to as F1, F2, and F3, respectively. By applying different voltages, the color of the film could change from yellow to blue-green (F1), pink-orange to blue-violet (F2), and dark pink to violet (F3), while maintaining good electrochromic performance and stability. Among them, F1 showed the best optical contrast up to 39.71%, and the optical contrast retention rate of F3 was 90.71% after 1000 cycles. Simultaneously, the fabricated electrochromic devices also showed color adjustments. This film was controlled by pH and voltage, providing a new method for the preparation of multicolor electrochromic composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inkless and erasable printing (IEP) based on chromic materials holds great promise to alleviate environmental and sustainable problems. Metal–organic polymers (MOPs) are bright platforms for constructing IEP materials. However, it is still challenging to design target MOPs with excellent specific functions rationally due to the intricate component‐structure‐property relationships. Herein, an effective strategy was proposed for the rational design IEP‐MOP materials. The stimuli‐responsive viologen moiety was introduced into the construction of MOPs to give it potential chromic behaviors and two different coordination models (i. e. bilateral coordination model, M1; unilateral coordinated model, M2) based on the same viologen ligand were designed. Aided by theoretical calculations, model M1 was recommended secondarily as a more suitable system for IEP materials. Along this line, two representative viologen‐ZnII MOPs 1 and 2 with models M1 and M2 were synthesized successfully. Experiments exhibit that 1 does have quicker stimuli response, stronger color contrast and longer radical lifetime compared to 2. Significantly, the obtained 1‐IEP media brightly inherits the excellent chromic characteristics of 1 and the flexibility of the paper at the same time, which achieves most daily printing requirements, as well as enough resolution and durability to be used in identification by smart device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the 'main force' in construction of a powerful animal husbandry country, ecological animal husbandry has the important task of sustainable development of animal husbandry ecological economy, which is of great significance in boosting the construction of Chinese path to modernization. In the context of the continuous promotion of Chinese path to modernization, the market scale keeps growing, the supporting technology is relatively perfect, and the investment and financing environment is good, laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of animal husbandry ecological economy. To promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry ecological economy, it is not only necessary to correctly handle the relationship between overall goals and phased goals, but also to adhere to value principles such as harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, green promotion of scientific developmen. Based on Chinese path to modernization, it proposes innovation paths such as laying a solid institutional foundation for sustainable development of animal husbandry ecological economy, building a green technology innovation system, focusing on optimizing the ecological animal husbandry industrial chain structure, so as to accelerate the sustainable development of animal husbandry ecological economy and provide a reference for high-quality development of ecological animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical partitioning and publishing is a common strategy employed in location-based big data services. This paper proposes a deep learning-based statistical partitioning structure prediction method and a differential publishing method to address the problems of unreasonable structures and low efficiency in traditional statistical partitioning and publishing of location-based big data. The 2D space has been finely partitioned and merged bottom-up to construct a reasonable partition structure. The partition structure matrices have been organized into a 3D spatio-temporal sequence and the spatio-temporal characteristics are extracted via a deep learning model to realize the prediction of the partition structure. Differential privacy budget allocation and Laplace noise incorporation have been implemented on the predicted partition structure to realize the privacy protection of the statistical partitioning and publishing of location-based big data. Experimental comparison of the real-world datasets suggests the advantages of the envisaged method in improving the querying accuracy of the published data and the execution efficiency of the publishing algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]