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Cell adhesion is a dynamic process that plays a fundamental role in cell proliferation, maintenance, differentiation, and migration. Basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM), also known as Lutheran (Lu), belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules. Lu/BCAM, which is widely expressed in red blood cells, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells across various tissues, playing a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell adhesion, cell motility and cell migration. Moreover, Lu/BCAM, dysregulated in many diseases, such as blood diseases and various types of cancer, may act as a biomarker and target for the treatment of these diseases. This review explores the significance of Lu/BCAM in cell adhesion and its potential as a novel target for treating hematological diseases and tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, pseudorabies virus (PRV) variants have resulted in an epidemic in swine herds and huge economic losses in China. Therefore, it is essential to develop an efficacious vaccine against the spread of PRV variants. Here, the triple-gene-deletion virus and the triple-gene-deletion plus gC virus were constructed by homologous recombination (HR). And then, their growth capacity, proliferation ability, and immune efficacy were evaluated. The results showed that the growth kinetics of the recombinant viruses were similar to those of the parental strain PRV-AH. Compared with the triple-gene-deletion virus group, the more dominant level of neutralizing antibody (NA) can be induced in the triple-gene-deletion plus gC virus group with the same 106.0 TCID50 dose after 4 and 6 weeks post-initial immunization (PII) (p < 0.0001). In addition, the antibody titers in mice immunized with the triple-gene-deletion plus gC virus were significantly higher than those immunized with triple-gene deletion virus with the same 105.0 TCID50 dose after 6 weeks PII (p < 0.001). More importantly, in the triple-gene-deletion plus gC virus group with 105.0 TCID50, the level of NA was close to that in the triple-gene deletion virus group with 106.0 TCID50 at 6 weeks PII. Meanwhile, the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γ in sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in each group. The highest level of IL-4 or IFN-γ was also elicited in the triple-gene deletion plus gC virus group at a dose of 106.0 TCID50. After challenge with PRV-AH, the survival rates of the triple-gene deletion plus gC virus immunized groups were higher than those of other groups. In immunized groups with 105.0 TCID50, the survival rate shows a significant difference between the triple-gene deletion plus gC virus group (75%, 6/8) and the triple-gene deletion virus group (12.5%, 1/8). In general, the immune efficacy of the PRV TK/gI/gE-deleted virus can be increased with additional gC insertion in mice, which has potential for developing an attenuated vaccine candidate for PRV control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The facial expressions of humanoid robots play a crucial role in human–computer information interactions. However, there is a lack of quantitative evaluation methods for the anthropomorphism of robot facial expressions. In this study, we designed and manufactured a humanoid robot head that was capable of successfully realizing six basic facial expressions. The driving force behind the mechanism was efficiently transmitted to the silicone skin through a rigid linkage drive and snap button connection, which improves both the driving efficiency and the lifespan of the silicone skin. We used human facial expressions as a basis for simulating and acquiring the movement parameters. Subsequently, we designed a control system for the humanoid robot head in order to achieve these facial expressions. Moreover, we used a flexible vertical graphene sensor to measure strain on both the human face and the silicone skin of the humanoid robot head. We then proposed a method to evaluate the anthropomorphic degree of the robot's facial expressions by using the difference rate of strain. The feasibility of this method was confirmed through experiments in facial expression recognition. The evaluation results indicated a high degree of anthropomorphism for the six basic facial expressions which were achieved by the humanoid robot head. Moreover, this study also investigates factors affecting the reproduction of expressions. Finally, the impulse was calculated based on the strain curves of the energy consumption of the humanoid robot head to complete different facial expressions. This offers a reference for fellow researchers when designing humanoid robot heads, based on energy consumption ratios. To conclude, this paper offers data references for optimizing the mechanisms and selecting the drive components of the humanoid robot head. This was realized by considering the anthropomorphic degree and energy consumption of each part. Additionally, a new method for evaluating robot facial expressions is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carapax Trionycis is a traditional Chinese medicine and it has been clear that oligo‐peptides from Carapax Trionycis extract (CTP) are the main active substances for the treatment of liver diseases. However, little is known about the mechanism of CTP against liver fibrosis. Here, network pharmacology combined with molecular docking were performed to identify the in‐silico molecular mechanism and the potential targets for CTP to ameliorate liver fibrosis. We collected eight active peptides ingredients that published in public databases and predicted the targets. Liver fibrosis related genes were acquired from the GeneCards and DisGeNET platform. Then, we identified a total of 52 peptides‐liver fibrosis‐related genes. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses indicated that these targets are significantly enriched in relaxin signaling pathway, IL‐17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway. We identified the top 10 genes with high centrality measures from the network by CytoHubba, including CASP3, AKT1, IL1B, MMP9, and PTGS2. The molecular docking between these hub genes and the corresponding CTP was performed in GRAMM and visualized by PyMOL. Our results provide an important reference and scientific basis for treating liver fibrosis with CTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]