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The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical characteristics of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) PCR re-positivity after recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients (n = 1391) from Guangzhou, China, who had recovered from COVID-19 were recruited between 7 September 2021 and 11 March 2022. Data on epidemiology, symptoms, laboratory test results and treatment were analysed. In this study, 42.7% of recovered patients had re-positive result. Most re-positive patients were asymptomatic, did not have severe comorbidities, and were not contagious. The re-positivity rate was 39%, 46%, 11% and 25% in patients who had received inactivated, mRNA, adenovirus vector and recombinant subunit vaccines, respectively. Seven independent risk factors for testing re-positive were identified, and a predictive model was constructed using these variables. The predictors of re-positivity were COVID-19 vaccination status, previous SARs-CoV-12 infection prior to the most recent episode, renal function, SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibody levels and white blood cell count. The predictive model could benefit the control of the spread of COVID-19.

This study explored the curative effect of Jingfang Mixture on urticaria mice induced by aluminum hydroxide/ovalbumin, and discussed its mechanism. Sixty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, three Jingfang Mixture(low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose) groups, and a positive drug(cetirizine hydrochloride) group. The urticarial model in mice was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of the mixed solution of ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide. The degrees of pruritus were observed after the second immunization. Pathological changes were detected by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining. Levels of interleukin 1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) in the serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Expressions of NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3) and IL-1β were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC). Expressions of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB p65), NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC), cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases 1(caspase-1), and IL-1β proteins were detected by Western blot. The results showed that, except for the normal group, the mice in all groups had different degrees of pruritus. Compared with the model group, the Jingfang Mixture groups and the positive drug group prolonged the scratching latency of mice(Plt;0.05), and significantly reduced the number of scratching(Plt;0.05). In addition, the Jingfang Mixture groups and the positive drug group improved the pathological morphology of skin tissue. The expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum were significantly reduced(Plt;0.05), and the number of NLRP3 and IL-1β positive cells was decreased(Plt;0.01). The expressions of p-NF-κB p65, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β protein were significantly down-regulated(Plt;0.05). The results of the above study indicate that Jingfang Mixture inhibit the inflammatory response in urticaria mice, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of activating NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway.

Although non-invasive liver fibrosis scores (LFSs) have already been considered as effective tools for estimating cardiovascular risk, their roles in predicting disease severity and cardiovascular event (CVEs) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) are not comprehensively evaluated. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NAFLD-FS) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) are associated with CVEs in a large cohort with long-term follow-up. A cohort of 5143 patients with angiography-proven stable CAD were consecutively enrolled and followed up for CVEs. The degree of coronary severity was assessed using the number of diseased vessels, Gensini, Syntax, and Jeopardy scores. The predictive values of NAFLD-FS and FIB-4 scores to coronary severity, coronary calcification (CAC), and CVEs were assessed, respectively. During a median follow-up of 7 years, 435 CVEs were recorded. Both NAFLD-FS and FIB-4 were predictors for the presence of CAC. The degree of coronary stenosis was significantly higher in high NAFLD-FS categories while FIB-4 was only positively associated with the number of diseased vessels and Gensini score. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, the patients with intermediate and high NAFLD-FS and FIB-4 had higher risk of CVEs and cardiovascular mortality. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, NAFLD-FS and FIB-4 were independently associated with CVEs [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.150 (1.063–1.244), p

Background Recent guidelines highlighted the association between atherosclerosis and triglyceride-enriched lipoproteins in patients with impaired glucose metabolism. However, evidence from prospective studies for long-term prognostic utility of low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (LDL-TG) in real-world patients with prediabetes (Pre-DM) or diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is currently not available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of LDL-TG on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with stable CAD under different glucose metabolism status. Methods A total of 4381 patients with CAD were consecutively enrolled and plasma LDL-TG level was measured by an automated homogeneous assay. They were categorized according to both status of glucose metabolism [DM, Pre-DM, normal glycaemia regulation (NGR)] and tertiles of LDL-TG. All subjects were followed up for the occurrence of MACEs. Results During a median of 5.1 (interquartile range 3.9 to 5.9) years’ follow-up, 507 (11.6%) MACEs occurred. Cubic spline models showed a significant association between LDL-TG and MACEs in DM and Pre-DM but not in NGR. When the combined effect of elevated LDL-TG and glucose disorders was considered for risk stratification, the medium tertile of LDL-TG plus DM, and the highest tertile of LDL-TG plus Pre-DM or plus DM subgroups were associated with significantly higher risk of MACEs after adjustment of confounders including triglyceride [hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals): 1.843 (1.149–2.955), 1.828 (1.165–2.867), 2.212 (1.396–3.507), all p Conclusions In this longitudinal cohort study on real-world practice, higher LDL-TG was associated with worse outcomes among Pre-DM and DM patients with stable CAD.

TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL)-related biomarkers, including TRL-cholesterol (TRL-C), remnant-like lipoprotein particle-cholesterol (RLP-C), and apoC-III have been associated with atherosclerosis. However, their prognostic values have not been fully determined, especially in patients with previous CAD. This study aimed to examine the associations of TRL-C, RLP-C, and apoC-III with incident cardiovascular events (CVEs) in the setting of secondary prevention of CAD. Plasma TRL-C, RLP-C, and total apoC-III were directly measured. A total of 4,355 participants with angiographically confirmed CAD were followed up for the occurrence of CVEs. During a median follow-up period of 5.1 years (interquartile range: 3.9–6.4 years), 543 (12.5%) events occurred. Patients with incident CVEs had significantly higher levels of TRL-C, RLP-C, and apoC-III than those without events. Multivariable Cox analysis indicated that a log unit increase in TRL-C, RLP-C, and apoC-III increased the risk of CVEs by 49% (95% CI: 1.16–1.93), 21% (95% CI: 1.09–1.35), and 40% (95% CI: 1.11–1.77), respectively. High TRL-C, RLP-C, and apoC-III were also independent predictors of CVEs in individuals with LDL-C levels ≤1.8 mmol/l (n = 1,068). The addition of RLP-C level to a prediction model resulted in a significant increase in discrimination, and all three TRL biomarkers improved risk reclassification. Thus, TRL-C, RLP-C, and apoC-III levels were independently associated with incident CVEs in Chinese CAD patients undergoing statin therapy.

The dysfunction of pancreatic β cells is related to the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the effects of miR-190b on pancreatic β cell proliferation and insulin secretion.Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect miR-190b expression in placenta tissues from GDM patients. The effects of miR-190b on islet cells activity, proliferation, and insulin secretion were measured using MTT assay, BrdU staining, and ELISA. The relationship between miR-190b and NK6 homeobox 1 (NKX6-1) was ensured by dual luciferase reporter assay.MiR-190b was overexpressed in placenta tissues from GDM patients compared to normal pregnant woman. MiR-190b inhibitor inhibited the cell activity, proliferation, and insulin secretion of islet β cells, while miR-190b overexpression had an opposite effect. Additionally, miR-190b negatively regulated NKX6-1 expression. Overexpression of NKX6-1 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-190b-mimics on islet β cell activity, proliferation, and insulin secretion. In mouse islets, knockdown of miR-190b promoted insulin secretion by up-regulating NKX6-1 expression.Silence of miR-190b accelerated pancreatic β cell proliferation and insulin secretion

Objective This study investigates the effect of the standardized management of cancer pain on patients with bone metastasis of lung cancer in China. Patients and Methods A total of 123 patients with bone metastasis of lung cancer were selected from the Respiratory Department of the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology. Among these patients, 62 patients who had not received standardized management of cancer pain from March 12, 2018, to September 11, 2018, were selected as the control group. In contrast, 61 patients who had received the standardized management of cancer pain from September 12, 2018, to March 11, 2019, were selected as the observation group. The former cohort accepted the conventional management of cancer pain, while the latter accepted the strict, standardized management of cancer pain. The demographic statistics, disease characteristics, and painkiller application of patients in these two groups were analyzed. Then, the analgesic effect and level of satisfaction were compared between these two groups. Results No significant differences were noticed between these two groups in terms of age, gender, smoking status, type of pathology, education level, previous treatment, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, as well as other demographic and disease characteristics. As for the use of painkillers, opioid analgesics accounted for a higher proportion in the observation group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, pain improvement and patient satisfaction after analgesic treatment were significantly higher in the observation group (p < 0.05). Conclusion The standardized management of cancer pain can considerably alleviate the pain of patients with bone metastasis of lung cancer and improve their quality of life. Furthermore, this type of management can increase satisfaction.

ObjectiveWhether lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a predictor for recurrent cardiovascular events (RCVEs) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been established. This study, hence, aimed to examine the potential impact of Lp(a) on RCVEs in a real-world, large cohort of patients with the first cardiovascular event (CVE).MethodsIn this multicentre, prospective study, 7562 patients with angiography-diagnosed CAD who had experienced a first CVE were consecutively enrolled. Lp(a) concentrations of all subjects were measured at admission and the participants were categorised according to Lp(a) tertiles. All patients were followed-up for the occurrence of RCVEs including cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 61.45±19.57 months, 680 (9.0%) RCVEs occurred. The results showed that events group had significantly higher Lp(a) levels than non-events group (20.58 vs 14.95 mg/dL, pConclusionsCirculating Lp(a) concentration was indeed a useful predictor for the risk of RCVEs in real-world treated patients with CAD, providing additional information concerning the future clinical application of Lp(a).

The conventional sugar market is relatively homogeneous, consisting of edible products such as refined white sugar and brown sugar. A high level of health consciousness has been developed in recent years among human beings for sugar intake. Therefore, Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YSRI), China, has started initiative to develop sucrose co-crystallization technology as a means to derive functional and healthier value-added sugar and brown sugar products with various edible, tastier, and medicinal plant homologs. In the process of sucrose co-crystallization, bioactive components of edible and medicinal plant homologs were mixed and copolymerized with sucrose and brown sugar to form a stable and co-crystallization edible product. Co-crystallized products had high dispersion and uniformity and may be improved in crystal shape, fluidity, moisture absorption, and stability of the altered sugar compounds. Co-crystallized white sugar value-added products were developed with Phyllanthus emblica, Polygonatum kingianum, Dendrobium nobile, Pueraria montana, Lepidium meyenii, and Panax notoginseng and brown sugar value-added products derived from Crataegus pinnatifida, Citrus × limon, seed of Vitis vinifera, Zingiber officinale, Wolfiporia cocos, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Angelica sinensis. These sugar value-added products were rich in plant-derived bioactive constituents with potential health benefits and have a great potential for commercialization of the consumer market all over the world.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a key enzyme in photosynthesis of C4 plants and plays an important role in a variety of metabolic and stress pathways. In this study, we identified six candidate PEPC genes from foxtail millet genome via sequence alignment. The characteristic parameters of all SiPEPC protein were very similar and the sequences were very conservative. All SiPEPC genes contained the PEPcase motif, which is the characteristic domain of PEPC gene. SiPEPCs were localized in cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondrion. Promoter analysis identified a variety of light, hormonal, stress, and other growth-related cis-elements in the promoter sequences of SiPEPC members. The qRT-PCR expression profiles showed that the five SiPEPC genes ( SiPEPC1 , SiPEPC2 , SiPEPC3 , SiPEPC5 , SiPEPC6 ) were induced by ABA, PEG, high salt and low temperature at seedling stage, indicating that five SiPEPC genes ate involved in abiotic signaling pathway at the seedling stage. The expression of five SiPEPC genes increased with the growth of foxtail millet under normal growth conditions, and increased significantly under drought stress at different growth stages, indicating that five SiPEPCs are involved in drought stress response at jointing, heading and filling stages. The weak light at jointing stage could induce the expression of five SiPEPC genes, while the expression level decreased sharply under moderate light intensity at jointing stage, moderate and weak light intensity at heading and filling stages, showing that light intensity seriously affects the expression of SiPEPC genes.

The Notch signaling pathway is mainly involved in the regulation of neural stem cell proliferation, survival and differentiation during the development of the central nervous system. As a neurodevelopmental disorder, autism is associated with an abnormal increase in the number of microglia in several brain regions. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of autism may be related to the Notch signaling pathway and microglia. In this review, we discuss how Notch pathway activity leads to behavioral abnormalities such as learning and memory impairment by influencing neuronal biological activities. An increase in microglial protein synthesis and abnormal autophagy can affect synaptic development and lead to behavioral abnormalities, and all of these changes can lead to autism. Furthermore, the Notch signaling pathway regulates the activation and differentiation of microglia and promotes inflammatory responses, leading to the occurrence of autism. When excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) secreted by microglia cannot be cleared by autophagy in a timely manner, Notch signaling pathway activity is affected, possibly further increasing susceptibility to autism. This review reveals the mechanism underlying the role of the Notch signaling pathway, microglia and their interaction in the pathogenesis of autism and provides a theoretical reference for targeted clinical therapies for autism.

Neurodegeneration is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We assessed the white matter microstructural integrity of the visual pathway in diabetes patients vs. healthy subjects, and investigated the advantages of generalized Q-sampling imaging (GQI) in the assessment of the visual pathway.T1-weighted, T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and simultaneous multislice- diffusion sequences were acquired from 21 DR patients, 29 diabetes patients without DR (NDR group), and 28 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Diffusion source images were reconstructed to GQI. Region of interest (ROI)-based analysis was utilized to evaluate microstructural alterations in the visual pathway. Multivariate linear regression analysis (forward stepwise method) was performed to investigate associations between clinical data and mean GQI parameters.ROI-based analyses indicated that the GQI parameters generalized fractional anisotropy, quantitative anisotropy (QA), and normalized QA (NQA) were significantly lower in the NDR group than in the healthy controls, and even lower in the DR group than in the NDR group. Disease duration was significantly and negatively correlated with mean generalized fractional anisotropy and mean NQA.GQI could sensitively and non-invasively evaluate the visual pathway in diabetes patients. The nerve fibers of the visual pathway were damaged before the onset of retinopathy, and this damage was aggravated after retinopathy onset, as a consequence of long exposure to hyperglycemia.

Stray light exists in optical lithography, and causes the CD (Critical Dimension) Variation. Therefore, it is important to obtain an appropriate description model of imaging with stray light. An improved optical lithography imaging model considering medium-range and long-range flare is proposed by using the PSFF (Point Spread Function of Flare) model and the Kirk flare model. The proposed simulation model is confirmed to have much better precision when compared to the experiment data. The effect of flare on CD is studied, in which the total flare is the same but the ratio of medium-range and long-rang flares are varied. The simulation results show that long-range flare has a bigger impact on CD than medium-range flare. The greater the proportion of long-rang flare, the smaller line-width of CD will be. Thus, long-range flare should be taken fully into account in optical lithography.

BACKGROUND: Pernicious placenta previa complicated by placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) often leads to hysterectomy or even maternal death due to massive bleeding. In recent years, the application of balloons has received increasing attention. It is easier to use and has reasonably good effect. However, for some patients, especially those who still have some placental residue, there might still be active bleeding. To solve this problem, we propose a method of pressure sutures around the balloon to provide a better hemostasis effect. METHODS: An observational study was conducted on patients with pernicious placenta previa and PAS at the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China, between January 2018 and January 2021. During surgery, an intrauterine balloon was used to compress the hemorrhage site, and two or more absorbable sutures were placed around the uterus to apply strong pressure on the balloon. This method is an updated modification of the Lu-suture which uses a Foley catheter balloon and only one suture. The main improvements include choosing different kinds of balloons depending on various conditions and the addition of a suture below the balloon to provide much stronger pressure and prevent the balloon slipping out through the dilated cervix. RESULTS: A total of 10 women underwent the procedure. The mean estimated intraoperative blood loss was 1,190±548 mL. Post-surgery, the blood loss was less than 200 mL in all patients. The mean blood transfusion [packed red blood cells (pRBC)] required was 2.2±2.6 units. The mean hemostatic time was 8.1±3.4 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The modified suture technique provided an easy, cheap, and efficient surgical choice for patients with pernicious placenta previa and PAS.

Three compounds, including scolosprine C(1), uracil(2) and hypoxanthine(3), were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate fraction of centipede by silica gel normal-phase column chromatography, reversed-phase medium pressure preparation chromatography, and high-pressure semi-preparative HPLC. The structure was elucidated through a combination of spectroscopic analyses [such as nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and mass spectrometry(MS)] and literature review. Among them, compound 1 was a new quinoline alkaloid. In previous reports, we have described the isolation and structure elucidation of one new and two known quinoline alkaloids. In this paper, we would report the isolation and structure elucidation of scolosprine C in detail.

Introduction: Although emerging data have suggested that circulating lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] could predict cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with cardiovascular disease, no study is currently available regarding the prognostic significance of Lp(a) in patients with hypertension. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that there is a prognostic linkage between hypertension and Lp(a) concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A total of 8668 patients with stable CAD were consecutively enrolled. Baseline Lp(a) concentrations of them were measured. All subjects were categorized according to Lp(a) levels of Results: Over an average of 54.81±18.60 months follow-up, 584 (6.7%) CVEs occurred. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that elevated Lp(a) levels had a significant association with CVEs in hypertensive patients, regardless of the control status of blood pressure, but not in normotensive subjects. Moreover, when subgrouping according to both Lp(a) categories and hypertension status, the risk for CVEs was only significantly elevated in high Lp(a) plus hypertension group compared with the reference group with low Lp(a) levels and normotension (hazard ratio: 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.19-2.85). Conclusions: In conclusion, elevated Lp(a) was associated with higher risk for CVEs in CAD patients with hypertension and the coexistence of high Lp(a) concentrations and hypertension greatly worsened the clinical prognosis. Our findings may present a prognostic linkage between hypertension and Lp(a) concentrations in patients with CAD.

Introduction: Merging studies have reported the association of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] with poor outcomes of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the prognostic importance of Lp(a) for recurrent cardiovascular events (CVEs) is currently undetermined in patients with T2DM and prior CVEs. Methods: From April 2011 to March 2017, we consecutively recruited 2,284 T2DM patients with prior CVEs. Patients were categorized into low, medium, and high groups by Lp(a) levels and followed up for hard, recurrent CVEs, including nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Caplan-Meier, Cox regression and C-statistic analyses were performed. Results: During 7,613 patient-years’ follow-up, 153 recurrent CVEs occurred. Lp(a) levels were significantly higher in patients with recurrent CVEs than counterparts (20.44 vs. 14.71 mg/dL, p=0.002). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the event-free survival rate was dramatically lower in high and medium Lp(a) groups than that in low group irrespective of HBA1c status ( Conclusions: Our data, for the first time, confirmed that Lp(a) was an independent predictor for recurrent CVEs in T2DM patients with prior CVEs, suggesting that Lp(a) measurement may help to further risk stratification for T2DM patients after they suffered a first CVE.

OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated that small dense LDL-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) is related to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, its prognostic role in hypertensive patients with CAD has been undetermined. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between sdLDL-C with disease severity, hypertensive status and clinical outcome in patients with CAD. METHODS A total of 4594 patients with angiography-proven CAD were consecutively enrolled and categorized into subgroups according to blood pressure status. Serum sdLDL-C levels were measured by direct quantitative measurement using automated chemistry analyzers. The severity of coronary artery lesions were determined by Gensini score, Syntax score and the number of lesion vessels. The associations of sdLDL-C with disease severity, hypertensive status and cardiovascular events (CVEs) were evaluated. RESULTS Patients with hypertension had higher sdLDL-C levels than ones without (P = 0.010). In hypertensive patients, sdLDL-C was positively associated with the severity of CAD (P

BACKGROUND: Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) has been reported to be a prognostic predictor for cardiovascular outcome in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, its prognostic utility in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been well established. The aim of this study was to assess the association between H-FABP with the severity of coronary disease and cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with stable CAD. METHODS: A total of 4,370 angiography-proven CAD patients were consecutively enrolled. The severity of CAD was assessed by Gensini Score (GS) and the numbers of diseased vessels. The CVEs included cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke and coronary revascularization. Cox regression analysis with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to evaluate the relation of H-FABP to CVEs in this cohort. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 51 months, 353 CVEs occurred. Overall, patients in the highest levels of H-FABP group had increased rate of multi-vessel stenosis and higher GS compared with those in the lowest group (P

Although emerging data suggest that circulating lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] could predict cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with cardiovascular disease, no study is currently available regarding the prognostic linkage of Lp (a) and hypertension in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study sought to evaluate the association of Lp (a), hypertension and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable CAD. A total of 8668 patients with stable CAD were consecutively enrolled. Baseline Lp (a) concentrations were measured. All subjects were categorized according to Lp (a) levels of

Background The atherogenicity of remnant cholesterol (RC) has been underlined by recent guidelines, which was linked to coronary artery disease (CAD), especially for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to examine the prognostic value of plasma RC in the patients with CAD under different glucose metabolism status. Methods Fasting plasma RC were directly calculated or measured in 4331 patients with CAD. Patients were followed for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and categorized according to both glucose metabolism status [DM, pre-DM, normoglycemia (NG)] and RC levels. Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals. Results During a mean follow-up of 5.1 years, 541 (12.5%) MACEs occurred. The risk for MACEs was significantly higher in patients with elevated RC levels after adjustment for potential confounders. No significant difference in MACEs was observed between pre-DM and NG groups (p > 0.05). When stratified by combined status of glucose metabolism and RC, highest levels of calculated and measured RC were significant and independent predictors of developing MACEs in pre-DM (HR: 1.64 and 1.98; both p Conclusions In this large-scale and long-term follow-up cohort study, data firstly demonstrated that higher RC levels were significantly associated with the worse prognosis in DM and pre-DM patients with CAD, suggesting that RC may be a target for patients with impaired glucose metabolism.

Background Merging studies have reported the association of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] with poor outcomes of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the prognostic importance of Lp(a) for recurrent cardiovascular events (CVEs) is currently undetermined in patients with T2DM and prior CVEs. Methods From April 2011 to March 2017, we consecutively recruited 2284 T2DM patients with prior CVEs. Patients were categorized into low, medium, and high groups by Lp(a) levels and followed up for recurrent CVEs, including nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Kaplan–Meier, Cox regression and C-statistic analyses were performed. Results During 7613 patient-years’ follow-up, 153 recurrent CVEs occurred. Lp(a) levels were significantly higher in patients with recurrent CVEs than counterparts (20.44 vs. 14.71 mg/dL, p = 0.002). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the event-free survival rate was dramatically lower in high and medium Lp(a) groups than that in low group irrespective of HBA1c status ( Conclusions Our data, for the first time, confirmed that Lp(a) was an independent predictor for recurrent CVEs in T2DM patients with prior CVEs, suggesting that Lp(a) measurement may help to further risk stratification for T2DM patients after they suffered a first CVE.

Background Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is a novel marker of myocardial injury and has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Unfortunately, its prognostic value in patients with CVD and impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of H-FABP in CVD patients with IGM. Methods A total of 4594 patients with angiography-proven coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled and divided into subgroup according to glucose metabolism status (normal glucose regulation [NGR], pre-DM, and DM). Baseline levels of H-FABP were measured using latex immunoturbidimetric method. The cardiovascular events (CVE) were defined as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke and coronary revascularization. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to evaluate the relations of H-FABP and glucose metabolism status to CVEs. Results During the follow-up period with up to 7.1 years, 380 CVEs occurred. Patients with CVE had higher levels of H-FABP compared to those without CVE (p Conclusions Our data firstly showed that elevated H-FABP levels were associated with worse outcomes in CAD patients with pre-DM and DM, which provided the novel information that H-FABP might be a prognostic marker for clinical outcomes among patients with CAD and IGM.

Background Elevation in small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) is common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), which has already been reported to be associated with incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of plasma sdLDL level in patients with stable CAD and DM. Methods A total of 4148 consecutive patients with stable CAD were prospectively enrolled into the study and followed up for major cardiovascular events (MACEs) up to 8.5 years. Plasma sdLDL level was measured in each patient by a direct method using automated chemistry analyzer. The patients were subsequently divided into four groups by the quartiles of sdLDL and the association of sdLDL level with MACEs in different status of glucose metabolism [DM, Pre-DM, normal glycaemia regulation (NGR)] was evaluated. Results A total of 464 MACEs were documented. Both Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis indicated that the patients in quartile 4 but not quartile 2 or 3 of sdLDL level had significantly higher rate of MACEs than that in lowest quartile. When the prognostic value of high sdLDL was assessed in different glucose metabolism status, the results showed that the high sdLDL plus DM was associated with worse outcome after adjustment of confounding risk factors (hazard ratio: 1.83, 95% confident interval: 1.24–2.70, p Conclusions The present study firstly indicated that elevated levels of plasma sdLDL were associated with increased risk of MACEs among DM patients with proven CAD, suggesting that sdLDL may be useful for CAD risk stratification in DM.