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In this work, free radical photopolymerization of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) is initiated. We investigated the corresponding photoreactivity by using Type II photoinitiator (PI) systems based on thioxanthone (TX) as a hydrogen acceptor and five amine-type molecules, such as N-phenylglycine (NPG), triethylamine (TEA), triethanolamine (TEOA), 2,2′-(4-methylphenylimino)diethanol (p-TDEA), and N-phenyldiethanolamine (n-PDEA), as hydrogen donors. Their photochemical and photophysical properties are studied. The TX hydrogen acceptor displayed rather red-shifted compared to all the hydrogen donor compounds. The hydrogen donor compounds exhibited the absorption band at lower than 300 nm, which followed the trend of p-TDEA > n-PDEA > NPG > TEOA > TEA. All the packages exhibit good electron-transfer ability by the calculation of the free energy changes (ΔGET) through cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement. However, the hydrogen donors with different steric hindrance, secondary, and tertiary amines have a decisive influence on the photoreactivity; that is, the TX/TEOA package shows the best double-bond conversion (DC) efficiency than other formulations under similar weight ratios (hydrogen acceptor: hydrogen donor = 1:2 wt%). We then conduct the photoreactivity based on TX/TEOA formulation with different weight ratios. The DC values are in the order of 1:2 wt% > 1.5:1.5 wt% > 2:1 wt%. Under suitable amount of hydrogen donor, the TX/TEOA-based formulation also exhibits stable DC value at air atmosphere.

In this study, three triphenylamine-based hexaarylbiimidazole (HABI) derivatives featuring different numbers of methoxy groups (none for HABI1, two for HABI2, and four for HABI3) have been synthesized. For comparison, a common hydrogen acceptor photoinitiator, ocl-HABI (2-chlorohexaarylbiimidazole), was also applied to compare the corresponding properties. The new HABIs displayed a more red-shifted and higher molar extinction coefficient than ocl-HABI with the absorption region extended to visible light. A larger free radical concentration of HABIs was also achieved, which was confirmed via electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. These visible light-sensitive HABIs or ocl-HABI in combination with a suitable hydrogen donor, i.e., N-phenyl glycine (NPG) were utilized as photoinitation systems for conventional radical polymerization (RDRP). All the packages exhibited good electron-transfer ability by the calculation of the free energy changes (ΔGET). The HABI1/NPG system exhibited the best double bond conversion efficiency and outperformed the corresponding ocl-HABI/NPG-based formulation under similar UV light source testing conditions. We then employed the HABI1/NPG and ocl-HABI/NPG systems for LED light source testing. Again, HABI1/NPG had better photocuring conversion efficiency and shorter time at maximum heat flow than ocl-HABI/NPG, indicating that the HABI1/NPG system can be applied to light curing applications under different light sources, such as UV and LED.

Solution-processed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on ternary blends have previously achieved high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). In this study, we obtained a combination of good cell performance and high thermal stability for an inverted ternary organic solar cell based on a single polymer donor (PTB7-Th) and two acceptors: one a polymer (N2200) and the other a fullerene component (PC71BM). The ternary blended film based on PTB7-Th:N2200:PC71BM at a composition of 2:0.5:2.5 (w/w/w) featured suitable cascade energy levels, a broad comprehensive absorption region, and smooth interfaces; its corresponding device exhibited a best PCE of 6.2%, an open-circuit voltage of 0.82 V, and a short-circuit current density of 14.4 mA cm−2. After introducing 1% of 1,8-diiodoctane (DIO), the highest PCE reached 7.7%. Furthermore, this ternary cell exhibited good long-term thermal stability after annealing at 100 °C for 1000 h.

This study investigated the effect of konjac glucomannan (KGM) of different molecular weight on fecal microflora against antibiotic disturbance. KGM (~1.8 × 107 Da) was partially hydrolysed with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) for 10 and 60 min to KGM1 (~2.1 × 104 Da) and KGM2 (7413 Da), respectively. The acid treatment caused significant reduction of intrinsic viscosity, average molecular weight (MW) and particle size of KGM, but brought limited change to the molecular structure. Low-MW KGM2 showed the most significant effect on fecal microflora in the presence of two common antibiotics (ampicillin and clindamycin), by increasing the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae while decreasing the proportion of Enterobacteriaceae. Additionally, both the native and acid-treated KGM counteracted the adverse influence of antibiotics on the production of short chain fatty acids. The results have demonstrated the effect of KGM on gut microbiota with antibiotic disturbance.

Web information resources become more and more heterogeneous, with the rapid development of Internet and Information technology. How to discover and obtain valuable information in Web repository is an important and meaningful subject. This paper introduced the interrelated theory and technology of Heterogeneous Data Integrating.

Based on the representation theorem of seismic energy radiation, in this study, we have quantitatively investigated the effect of free surface on the radiation energy distribution due to a coupling interaction between free surface and near surface finite fault for the reverse earthquake faulting. Corresponding to the finite faulting, a 2-D pseudostatic-reverse-fault-dislocation solution has been used in the calculation of the work done by the seismic response against free surface. The results indicate that, due to a strong coupling interaction between the free surface and near surface fault, the total radiated seismic energy E R is much larger than that radiated only from the fault itself (E F), especially for the shallow reverse faulting. In convention, E F is commonly used in the estimation of earthquake energy radiation. However, when the fault depth H, the distance between the free surface and top of fault location, increases, the effect of the coupling interaction between the fault and free surface decreases gradually. Therefore, the total radiated energy E R approaches to the E F when the depth H is about 2 times the fault length I. The current study could provide us a partial explanation of the apparent stress discrepancy observed at the far field and near field in the recent large earthquake. Moreover, the current study also has a significant implication of how to quantitatively describe the near fault strong ground motion and associated seismic hazard from the earthquake source energy point of view.

According to energy partition principle, we have derived a generalized formula used to calculate the radiation efficiency. It overcomes the numerical errors involved in the estimation of radiation efficiency caused by the uncertainties owe to the different frictional mechanisms which is used to describe the earthquake faulting. Using real seismic data published in the previous studies, we have recalculated the radiation efficiency with associated to the different frictional mechanisms, and compared with previous results lack of consideration of frictional mechanism. The results indicate that, based on the new formula, the radiation efficiency we have estimated is always less than 1, and the unphysical conclusion of radiation efficiency greater than 1 is avoided completely.

A mature mathematical technique called copula joint function is introduced in this paper, which is commonly used in the financial risk analysis to estimate uncertainty. The joint function is generalized to the n-dimensional Frank’s copula. In addition, we adopt two attenuation models proposed by YU and Boore et al, respectively, and construct a two-dimensional copula joint probabilistic function as an example to illustrate the uncertainty treatment at low probability. The results show that copula joint function gives us a better prediction of peak ground motion than that resultant from the simple linear weight technique which is commonly used in the traditional logic-tree treatment of model uncertainties. In light of widespread application in the risk analysis from financial investment to insurance assessment, we believe that the copula-based technique will have a potential application in the seismic hazard analysis.

Pyrolysis characteristics and mechanism of tobacco stem were studied by pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR and TG-MS) techniques. The composition of evolved volatiles from fast pyrolysis of tobacco stem was determined by Py-GC/MS analysis, and the evolution patterns of the major products were investigated by TG-FTIR and TG-MS. Py-GC/MS data indicated that furfural and phenol were the major products in low temperature pyrolysis, and these were generated from depolymerization of cellulose. Indene and naphthalene were the major products in high temperature pyrolysis. TG-FTIR and TG-MS results showed that CO, CO2, phenols, aldehydes, and ketones were released between 167ºC and 500ºC; at temperatures >500ºC, CO and CO2 were the main gaseous products.

With the rapid development of computer network, constructing enterprise information system has been improved greatly. When designing information system for certain enterprise, we usually compile it with some standard components instead of developing a thorough new version. This presents us some new problems, for example information overload, complicated system, data conflict and so on. If the components are combined together directly, the whole function is reduced reversely sometime. So EIP has been paid more and more attention. EIP can integrate relatively independent systems and heterogeneous systems together effectively. Getting information automatically also make it convenient for user to obtain information without reload large scale of data. EIP can void existence of island information, reduce duplicate investment, and provide a more complete solution. In this paper, Light Portal is used to construct and realize a system for machinery industry considering its actual characteristics.