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Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways need to be tightly controlled to avoid excessive inflammation and unwanted damage to the host. Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) is a critical adaptor of TLR signaling. Here, we identified the speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) as a MyD88-associated protein. SPOP was recruited to MyD88 following TLR4 activation. TLR4 activation also caused the translocation of SPOP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. SPOP depletion promoted the aggregation of MyD88 and recruitment of the downstream signaling kinases IRAK4, IRAK1 and IRAK2. Consistently, overexpression of SPOP inhibited the TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB and production of inflammatory cytokines, whereas SPOP depletion had the opposite effects. Furthermore, knockdown of SPOP increased MyD88 aggregation and inflammatory cytokine production upon TLR2, TLR7 and TLR9 activation. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which MyD88 is regulated and highlight a role for SPOP in limiting inflammatory responses.

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Additional file 2: Table S2. Literature search-strategy for Embase (via OVIDSP).

Additional file 1: Table S1. Literature search-strategy for PubMed.

An interfacial polymerization method for polyacrylate resin was adapted to fabricate nanocomposites with nano-SiO2 particles via in situ polymerization. The tribological behaviors of the nano-SiO2 nanocomposites are briefly discussed in terms of types of functionalization and nanoparticle loading. Nano-SiO2 functionalization with three silanes improved the nanoparticles interfacial interaction and compatibility in the nanocomposites, resulted in lower friction coefficient and wear mass. And the results of DSC also testified that. The wear mass and friction coefficient of the nanocomposite containing 3 wt% nanoparticles with KH570 silane are 50.8mg and 0.20, respectively. Results of RCA show that the incorporation of the nano-SiO2 into the polyacrylate resin improves the scratch resistance significantly. Results of SEM indicate that the neat polyacrylate resin is dominated by adhesive wear, going with tearing resin, while all nanocomposites containing 3 wt% nanoparticles with silane are dominated by particle adhesive, going with soft adhesive wear.

A novel dendronized cellulose，ethyl cellulose grafted 3,4,5-tris[4-(dodecyloxy) benzyloxy] benzoate (EC-g-DOBOB), which is comprised of ethyl cellulose (EC) backbone with mesogenic moiety DOBOB (3,4,5-tris(4-(dodecyloxy)benzyloxy)benzoic acid) dendron grafted, was designed and synthesized. The structure of EC-g-DOBOB was investigated by means of FTIR, Both thermotropic liquid crystal and lyotropic liquid crystal behaviors of EC-g-DOBOB were studied by combination of DSC, POM and XRD. At room temperature EC-g-DOBOB demonstrated hexagonal columnar mesophase (Φh), with the column diameter 5.8 nm, besides it formed lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal in concentrated chloroform solution with a planar texture.

polyacrylate/nano-silicon dioxide nanocomposites were fabricated through a simple mixing process for resisting scratch and wear as coating. Chemical compatibility between polyacrylate matrix and nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) was achieved by functionalized nano-SiO2 via three silane coupling agents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done to characterize surface and wear morphology of the nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for representing interfacial properties of the nanocomposites. A MM-200 machine and a Norman Tool RCA abrader were performed for testing friction and wear properties. SEM showed that incorporation of the nano-SiO2 functionalized with silane into the polyacrylate matrix showed a better dispersion than the composite without silane at low nanoparticle content (≤3 wt%). SEM also revealed that adhesive wear mechanism of the polyacrylate matrix was transited to dominated particle wear of the nanocomposites. An increase of glass transition temperature (Tg) was recorded via DSC at low nanoparticle content (1 wt%). Further addition of the nanoparticles to 3 wt% led to a 10°C increase in Tg comparing to neat polyacrylate. Results of friction and wear properties exhibited that friction coefficient and wear loss of the nanocomposites with silane were lower than those of the neat polyacrylate. The wear loss of the neat polyacrylate, the nanocomposite containing 3 wt% nanoparticles with silane KH570, and the nanocomposite with raw nano-particles were 108.6, 65.8, and 110.5mg, respectively. RCA results also showed a significant improvement of the nanocomposites in the presence of the nanoparticles with silane.