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In order to solve the safety and efficiency problems in the picking process of Waxberry, the slow speed and low precision of high‐density Waxberry target detection under a complex background were studied. A lightweight Waxberry target detection algorithm based on YOLOv5 is studied. In this study, C3‐Faster1 and C3‐Faster2 modules are proposed, which are located in the backbone and neck of the network: C3‐Faster1 can improve the model speed with a simple structure; C3‐Faster2 integrates the context attention mechanism and transform module based on C3‐Faster1 to make the network pay attention to the information of Waxberry image context and expand the channel receptive field. A new pyramid module, SPPFCSPC, is proposed to expand the sensing field and improve the accuracy of boundary detection. It also combines the Coordinate Attention (CA) and Dyhead dynamic detection head to suppress useless information and enhance the detection ability of small targets. Compared to YOLOv4, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8, mean accuracy percentage (mAP) improved by 5.7%, 9.4%, 8.3%. Compared to the base YOLOv5 model, mAP has improved from 86.5% to 91.9%, running on 2 GB Jeston nano, and the improved model is 5.03 frames per second (FPS) faster than YOLOv5. Experiments show that the designed module is more effective in Waxberry detection tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The layout and configuration of urban infrastructure are essential for the orderly operation and healthy development of cities. With the promotion and popularization of new energy vehicles, the modeling and prediction of charging pile usage and allocation have garnered significant attention from governments and enterprises. Short-term demand forecasting for charging piles is crucial for their efficient operation. However, existing prediction models lack a discussion on the appropriate time window, resulting in limitations in station-level predictions. Recognizing the temporal nature of charging pile occupancy, this paper proposes a novel stacked-LSTM model called attention-SLSTM that integrates an attention mechanism to predict the charging demand of electric vehicles at the station level over the next few hours. To evaluate its performance, this paper compares it with several methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the attention-SLSTM model outperforms both LSTM and stacked-LSTM models. Deep learning methods generally outperform traditional time series forecasting methods. In the test set, MAE is 1.6860, RMSE is 2.5040, and MAPE is 9.7680%. Compared to the stacked-LSTM model, MAE and RMSE are reduced by 4.7%and 5%, respectively; while MAPE value decreases by 1.3%, making it superior to LSTM overall. Furthermore, subsequent experiments compare prediction performance among different charging stations, which confirms that the attention-SLSTM model exhibits excellent predictive capabilities within a six-step (2 h) window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's cultural consumption has experienced accelerating growth in the recent decade despite the slowdown of economic growth. This paper analyses the relationship between household income and cultural consumption using a representative agent model. By decomposing consumption into cultural and non-cultural components, we consider an additive utility function that displays a threshold of income above which cultural consumption arises. We also run numerical simulations on the extended model to estimate price and income elasticities of demand for cultural goods and services, and to evaluate the effects of cultural consumption promotion policies through various income and price subsidies which are currently practiced in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the best treatment, approximately 10% of fractures still face undesirable repair and result in delayed unions or non‐unions. Dynamic mechanical stimulation promotes bone formation, when applied at the correct time frame, with optimal loading magnitude, frequency, and repetition. Controlled mechanical loading significantly increases osteogenic cells during the matrix deposition phase of bone repair. In the bone defect, the blood vessel network guides the initial bone formation activities. A unique blood vessel subtype (Type H) exists in bone, which expresses high levels of CD31 and endomucin, and functions to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis. However, how this form of controlled mechanical loading regulates the Type H vessels and promotes bone formation is still not clear. Sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) participates in the bone anabolic process and is a key regulator of the blood vessel. Its receptor, sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor 1 (S1Pr1), is a mechanosensitive protein that regulates vascular integrity. Therefore, we hypothesis that controlled anabolic mechanical loading promotes bone repair by acting on Type H vessels. To study the effect of S1Pr1 on loading induced‐bone repair, we utilized a stabilized tibial defect model, which allows for the application of anabolic mechanical loading. Mechanical loading upregulated S1Pr1 within the entire defect, with up to 80% expressed in blood vessels, as observed by deep tissue imaging. Additionally, S1Pr1 antagonism by W146 inhibited the anabolic effects of mechanical loading. We showed that mechanical loading or activating S1Pr1 could induce YAP nuclear translocation, a key regulator in the cell's mechanical response, in endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro. Inhibition of S1Pr1 in endothelial cells by siRNA reduced loading‐induced YAP nuclear translocation and expressions of angiogenic genes. In vivo, YAP nuclear translocation in Type H vessels was up‐regulated after mechanical loading but was inhibited by antagonizing S1Pr1. S1Pr1 agonist, FTY720, increased bone volume and Type H vessel volume, similar to that of mechanical stimulation. In conclusion, controlled anabolic mechanical loading enhanced bone formation mainly through Type H vessels in a S1Pr1‐dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information about the European Union's (EU) global gateway strategy and its impact on the Belt and Road Initiative. It mentions that EU has announced the global gateway, its strategic document for international infrastructure development and investment. It discusses the potential impacts on China's Belt and Road Initiative.

The reinforcement ratio of central column member has remarkable effect on the seismic behaviour of double-box stations. To investigate the effects of reinforcement ratio on seismic performance of hypothetical stations, hybrid simulations and quasi-static cyclic tests on five full-scale column specimens of various reinforcement ratios were presented in this paper. The five column specimens are comprised of a reference specimen and four specimens with the reduction in either longitudinal or transverse reinforcements. In the hybrid simulations, the physical specimen consisted of one central column, while the rest of the soil-structure system were modelled numerically using the OpenSEES software. Seismic loading to the columns was applied via displacement-controlled actuators to illustrate the drift demands of the station during hybrid simulations at three levels of ground motions. The hybrid simulation results showed that the column specimen with minimum longitudinal reinforcement ratio entered the yielding stage and the other four specimens were in the cracking stage. Furthermore, the quasi-static cyclic tests were carried out to investigate the strength and deformation capacity of tested columns. Results from both hybrid seismic tests and quasi-static cyclic tests indicate that central columns, with a high shear span-to-depth ratio and light transverse reinforcement, are prone to suffer brittle flexural-shear coupled failure. On the other hand, the columns of sufficient transverse reinforcement are likely to experience flexural failure. The safety margins between the seismic drift response and ultimate deformation capacity indicate that the drift ratio threshold of subway stations used by current code provisions is conservative for flexure-dominate columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Tin based metal–organic complexes had been firstly used for supercapacitors. • [Sn(OH) 4 (PPh 3) 2 ] can achieve the highest capacitance of 1204F g−1. • 95.1% of initial capacitance was retained after 15,000 cycles at 10 A g−1. New tin-based metal-phosphine complexes of [Sn(OH) 4 (PPh 3) 2 ] and [Sn(OH) 2 (PPh 3) 2 ] have been successfully synthesized and used as supercapacitor electrodes for the first time, exhibiting a high specific capacitance, a good rate capability, and an excellent cycling stability. The specific capacitances (highest specific capacitance for tin-based materials) of 1204F g−1 and 764F g−1 for two samples at a current density of 1 A g−1 in 6 M KOH can respectively be achieved, and their capacitance retention remained at 95.1% and 89.2% even after 15,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1. Furthermore, a flexible quasi-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor composed of Sn(OH) 2 (PPh 3) 2 and activated carbon was assembled and exhibited a specific capacitance of 290.6 mF cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. More importantly, this device also displayed excellent cyclic stability of ∼100% for 1800 cycles during the galvanostatic charge/discharge process at 5 mF cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the investigation of sliding-mode control (SMC) for slow-sampling singularly perturbed systems (SPSs) with Markov jump parameters. As a new attempt, the SMC strategy is considered in the study of discrete-time Markov jump SPSs. Subsequently, in order to design a sliding-mode controller to ensure the stability of the proposed system, a novel integral sliding surface is constructed, and an SMC law is synthesized to ensure the reachability of the sliding surface. Through the utilization of Lyapunov stability and SMC theory, sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the state trajectories of the system are driven to a predefined sliding surface and the closed-loop sliding mode dynamics are stochastically stable. Finally, the applicability of the proposed SMC strategy is verified by a numerical example and a practical electric circuit model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructured heterojunctions offer a promising solution to overcome the limitations of narrow absorption spectra, limited penetration depths, and potential harm to healthy cells in phototherapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) treatment with nanomaterials. In this study, a heterostructure (PCN@HP) by decorating Hittorf's phosphorus nanorods onto biocompatible polymeric carbon nitride (PCN), enabling excitation by NIR light is designed. Compared with PCN and HP alone, the synthesized heterostructure generated localized heat upon broad absorption spectra of irradiation, boosting charge migration and separation, generating cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Then, via in vitro and in vivo experiments, it is confirmed that the NIR‐mediated PCN@HP heterojunction is a safe and effective approach for synchronous photothermal and photodynamic therapy treatment of ccRCC. Collectively, the PCN@HP heterojunction holds great potential as a non‐invasive synergistic, dual‐mode therapeutic nanomedicine for efficient tumor nano‐therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispersion interferometry (DI) is a promising method for density measurement. Compared with the traditional interferometer, the DI is immune to mechanical vibration and can avoid the fringe jump error. In addition, a simple optical configuration is also one of the advantages of the DI. The electron density of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology field-reversed configuration (HFRC) device can reach 1020 m−3 with a pulse length of 50 µs. In this case, the DI based on the CO2 laser on the HFRC device adopts the heterodyne technique based on the acousto-optic modulator, which can increase the temporal resolution to 40 MHz. It can realize density fluctuation measurements in the MHz range. The test of each optical element, especially the nonlinear crystal, has been completed. The AgGaSe2 crystal can produce a second harmonic wave of about 52.5 µW when the incident CO2 power is 10 W. Based on these designs and tests, a DI system can be expected on the HFRC device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuzzy c‐means algorithms have been widely utilised in several areas such as image segmentation, pattern recognition and data mining. However, the related studies showed the limitations in facing imbalanced datasets. The maximum fuzzy boundary tends to be located on the largest cluster which is not desirable. The overall fuzzy partition results in false grouping of edge objects and weakens the compactness of cluster. It is important the clusters are delineated by the maximum fuzzy boundary. In this study, a semi‐fuzzy c‐means algorithm is proposed by combining hard partition and soft partition. This study aims to provide an effective partition for the edge objects, such that the compactness of cluster can be improved. The proposed algorithm integrates the semi‐fuzzy c‐means method with the size‐insensitive integrity‐based fuzzy c‐means algorithm. In particular, the latter algorithm has the ability to deal with imbalanced data. With the experiment validation, the proposed algorithm is robust and outperforms the two component algorithms by using synthetic and widely known benchmark datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study concentrates on the filtering for the slow‐sampling jumping singularly perturbed systems, in which the situation that the filter mode is inconsistent with the system mode is taken into consideration. Based on the hidden‐Markov model (HMM), such an asynchronous phenomenon between the system mode and the filter mode is depicted. Additionally, the unreliable communication channel resulting in packet loss is described through the assistance of a random variable. The authors' purpose is to design a filter that ensures the error system is extended stochastically dissipative. Moreover, with the aid of the Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality approach, a set of ϵ ‐independent conditions are derived to obtain the filter gains. Eventually, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical example and a modified tunnel diode circuit model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane separation technology is one of the cost effective and most efficient technologies for treatment of wastewater from textile industry. However, development of membranes with better performance and thermal stability is still a highly challenging task. In this study, successful preparation of a novel thermally stable polyimide (PI) polymer was demonstrated using 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride components. PI was selected as representative candidate because of its excellent thermal stability (decomposition temperature of 529 °C), as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, PI polymer was used to fabricate ultrafiltration (UF) membrane by phase inversion process. This UF membrane is especially interesting as it allowed for almost complete penetration of monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (Na 2 SO 4) inorganic salts because of its molecular weight cut off of 9320 Da. Moreover, the membrane exhibited very good surface hydrophilicity with the water contact angle of 67.6°. This PI-based UF membrane was found to be substantially effective as it showed high pure-water and dye-permeation fluxes of 345.10 and 305.58 L m−2 h−1 at 0.1 MPa, respectively. Besides, the membrane exhibited a rejection of 98.65% toward the direct red 23 dye (100 ppm) at 0.1 MPa. Thus, this PI-based UF membrane is highly beneficial and acts as a potential candidate for dye removal from wastewater produced by textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new layered structural Ni-MOF nanosheet has been successfully synthesized and used for the first time as an electrode for a supercapacitor and a flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor, exhibiting capacitances of 1518.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 244 mF cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundant starch was isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright, a novel and underutilized industrial crop resource. In this study, an intelligent packaging film able to indicate food freshness was developed and characterized. D. zingiberensis starch (DZS) was bleached first, and its particle size, total starch content, amylose content, and gelatinization temperature were then measured. Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea Linn.) flowers were selected as the source of polyphenols, which rendered the prepared film intelligent and progressively blue–violet. SEM and FT–IR analyses showed the homogeneous dispersion of butterfly pea flower extract (BPE) in the film. The BPE–loaded film showed improved flexibility and resistance to UV and oxidation while maintaining sufficient mechanical strength and physical properties. Moreover, the film underwent a distinguishable color change from red to blue–violet and finally to green–yellow with increasing pH from 2 to 13. Similar color alteration also occurred when the film was exposed to ammonia. When the film was used to monitor the freshness of chicken stored at room temperature, it exhibited an obvious color change, implying its deterioration. Therefore, the newly developed BPE–DZS film, which was produced from readily accessible natural substances, can serve as an intelligent packaging material, indicating food freshness and prolonging shelf life. • Butterfly pea flower extract was harnessed into DZS for intelligent packaging film. • The produced film exhibited high sensitivity to ammonia circumstance and pH change. • The intelligent packaging film indicated chicken spoilage through discoloration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new type of polyimide (PI) composite material was synthesized by a two-step method using 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (TMPDA), 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA), and 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA). The PI material was then used to prepare an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane by phase inversion method. The membrane showed a dense surface layer, a porous sublayer, and fully developed finger-like macrovoids at the bottom, which had excellent hydrophilicity and antifouling property. In the recovery experiments with a protein solution, the PI membrane displayed a satisfactory water flux recovery ratio of 90.03%. The PI membrane can operate stably in 1 mol L−1 hydrochloric acid solution, and the retention rate of BSA remains at 93%. In addition, the flux of the membrane is 325.60 L m−2 h−1 and the BSA retention rate the retention rate is still higher than 95% after soaking in various solvents for 7 days. • A novel polyimide polymer was synthesized by a two-step method using TMPDA, MDA and BTDA. • The polyimide ultrafiltration membrane with fully developed finger-like macro voids were prepared by phase inversion. • The PI membrane displayed a satisfactory water flux recovery ratio of 90.03% in the recovery experiments. • The PI membrane can operate stably in 1 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid solution and the retention rate of BSA remains at 93%. • The flux of the PI membrane is 325.60 L m-2h-1 and the BSA retention rate is still higher than 95% after soaking in various solvents for 7 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract MoN@N-doped carbon hollow spheres (denoted as MoN@NC) assembled from porous nanosheets are facilely fabricated via one-pot hydrothermal process followed by in-situ nitridation treatment. Consequently, these hollow spherical structures have a porous feature and exhibited a large surface area of 111.5 m2 g−1. Due to the intrinsic metallic characteristics, MoN@NC hollow spheres demonstrate superior electrochemical performance as an anode material for lithium ion battery. In detail, it delivers a capacity of 571 mA h g−1 after 800 cycles at 1 A g−1. Graphical abstract Two-dimensional MoN@NC hollow spheres were fabricated via a facile and template-free method, which possess a large surface of 111.5 m2 g−1 and exhibited superior electrochemical performance. Image 1 Highlights • MoN@NC hollow spheres were prepared via a one-pot hydrothermal process without using template. • Hollow spherical structure was first introduced in MoN as anode material for lithium-ion battery. • Compared with other metal-based nitride, MoN@NC hollow spheres exhibits superior electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For discrete autonomous dynamical systems, it was found that in the three conditions defining Devaney chaos, topological transitivity and dense periodic points together imply sensitive dependence on initial condition (Banks, Brooks, Cairns, Davis and Stacey, On Devaney's definition of chaos, The Amer. Math. Monthly 99 (1992), pp. 332-334). In this paper, we give the definition of finitely generated non-autonomous dynamical systems (NADS) and generalize the Banks et al. theorem to the finitely generated NADS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrobitumen has been discovered in the dolostone reservoir of the Central Sichuan Basin, southwest China, accumulates coevally with hydrothermal minerals in pores. The pyrobitumen has strong anisotropy with an evolutionary sequence from mosaic to a fibrous texture. A similar sequence of anisotropy has also been observed in mesophase pitch during the process of coking coal. Reflectance of the pyrobitumen shows a positive correlation with anisotropic evolution and increasing depth. Hopane and sterane biomarkers are abundant in extracts of highly anisotropic pyrobitumen with smooth, rough, hyperplastic surface and honeycomb micropores. Methylpyrene and methylchrysene maturity indicators and the reflectance values of pyrobitumen show a positive linear correlation in Cambrian samples, but show random correlation in Sinian samples. Fluid inclusion microthermometry of hydrothermal minerals, together with the burial and heat flow history of the reservoir indicate an abrupt thermal event that may have impacted the generation and evolution of pyrobitumen. This appears to be confirmed by the reflectance values of pyrobitumen in the source rock and reservoir. The pyrobitumen in source rock was less heated by the hydrothermal fluid due to its poor porosity and have lower reflectance values. However, the pyrobitumen in weathering crust reservoir was more heated by the hydrothermal fluid and have higher reflectance values, because the reservoir rocks have higher porosity. The occurrence and characteristics of pyrobitumen indicate an in-situ pyrolysis of oil, which was triggered by an abrupt thermal event in the reservoir. The reconstruction of burial history and heat flow, as well as the hydrothermal fluid minerals of the dolomite reservoir all indicate the thermal event of the Sichuan Basin might correlate with the Emei mantle plume in Late Permian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFSs) are a promising technology for their unique advantage of long-distance distributed measurements in industrial applications. In recent years, modern industrial monitoring has called for comprehensive multi-parameter measurements to accurately identify fault events. The hybrid DOFS technology, which combines the Rayleigh, Brillouin, and Raman scattering mechanisms and integrates multiple DOFS systems in a single configuration, has attracted growing attention and has been developed rapidly. Compared to a single DOFS system, the multi-parameter measurements based on hybrid DOFS offer multidimensional valuable information to prevent misjudgments and false alarms. The highly integrated sensing structure enables more efficient and cost-effective monitoring in engineering. This review highlights the latest progress of the hybrid DOFS technology for multi-parameter measurements. The basic principles of the light-scattering-based DOFSs are initially introduced, and then the methods and sensing performances of various techniques are successively described. The challenges and prospects of the hybrid DOFS technology are discussed in the end, aiming to pave the way for a vaster range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bi 2 WO 6 /BiOCl heterojunctions were synthesized through an one-pot ionic-liquid assisted ultrasonic method. The Bi-O bonding of the obtained heterojunctions was found as junction structures at the interface, leading to band intercalations between the two parts besides the interface. This results in enhanced catalytic activities for organic pollutants and higher transient photocurrent under visible light irradiation. [Display omitted] • Bi 2 WO 6 /BiOCl was synthesized by an ionic-liquid assisted ultrasonic route. • The structure of Bi 2 WO 6 /BiOCl is controlled by changing the amount of [BMIM]Cl. • Bi 2 WO 6 /BiOCl has high photocatalytic activity for organic pollutants. • The band structure of BiOCl-Bi 2 WO 6 was studied by first-principles calculations. Bi 2 WO 6 /BiOCl heterojunctions with high photocatalytic activity and photocurrent property were synthesized via an ionic-liquid assisted ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature. The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) was used as the Cl source. Modifications of heterojunction structures and properties were realized just by changing the amount of [BMIM]Cl. Photocatalytic activities of Bi 2 WO 6 /BiOCl heterojunctions enable fast degradations of 2,4-dinitrophenol solution (DNP), rhodamine B (RhB) and quinoline blue (QB) under visible light and sunlight irradiation. Through first-principles calculations, the Bi-O bonding was found as junction structures at the interface, leading to band intercalations between the two parts besides the interface. Efficient charge (hole) transfers to two sides of the tungstate and chloride were enabled through interface during photocatalytic processes, resulting in longer electron-hole separations, and enhanced catalytic activities under sunlight radiation. The mechanism is crosschecked with transient photocurrent results where the BiOCl-Bi 2 WO 6 heterojunction possess higher photocurrent than pure Bi 2 WO 6 or BiOCl, ascribed to inhibition of electron-hole recombination in the photo processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The BiOI/BiOCl composites with high photocatalyitic and adsorption ablities were prepared via a facile ionic liquid assisted ultrasonic method in several hours at room temperature. The BiOI/BiOCl composites with different contents of BiOI can be conveniently synthesized via changing the amount of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide precursor during the preparation process. Microstructures, morphologies, porosities and bandgaps of the as-prepared samples were determined through various experimental methods. A first-principles calculation was employed to explicate electronic structures of the complex. Photocatalytic results suggest that the obtained BiOI/BiOCl composite with 40% BiOI has the highest photoactivity for the degradation of rhodamine-B and quinoline blue under visible light irradiation. All the rhodamine-B and quinoline blue can be degraded in 25 min and 15 min, respectively. To observe the universality of the BiOI/BiOCl, the degradation results of colorless target pollutant (tetracycline) was also investigated. Based on experimental and computational results, origins of the photocatalytic abilities leading to the observed results were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane fouling and wetting limit the applications of membrane distillation (MD) for wastewater treatment, especially when treating the wastewater with a high concentration of low surface tension substances such as oil and surfactants. In this paper, virgin polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was modified by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to enhance anti-wetting ability. Then a thin polydopamine (PDA) layer was coated as a reaction platform for further modification. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was cross-linked with PDA to form a uniform and stable layer, through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction to immobilize hydrophilic MXene, which formed a Janus MXene-PVDF membrane. The MXene layer was the key for superoleophobicity and high liquid entry pressure (LEP) of membrane, capable of mitigating membrane fouling and wetting when dealing with low surface tension wastewater (LSTW). From the experiments results, pristine PVDF membrane showed severe fouling and wetting with flux decline and salt leakage during treatment of LSTW (surfactants containing water, oil-in-water emulsion and sodium dodecyl sulfate stabilized oil-in-water emulsion). However, under the same conditions, the Janus MXene-PVDF membrane exhibited remarkably stable flux (9.3 kg m−2h−1, 9.1 kg m−2h−1, 10.2 kg m−2h−1) and salt rejection (almost 99.9%) after 15 h operation. Excellent fouling and wetting resistance of MXene-PVDF membrane was mainly attributed to its superhydrophilic and superoleophobic top surface (in-air water contact angle: 30.2°, under-water oil contact angle: 169.9°) and hydrophobic substrate (in-air water contact angle: 130.8°), together with high LEP value (91.1 Kpa). This study provides a viable route to fabricated a Janus membrane with outstanding fouling and wetting resistance for LSTW, oily wastewater and it has great potential for sewage treatment in the future. • Immobilize MXene through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds. • Janus membranes possess hydrophilicity and under water superoleophobicity. • MXene nanoparticle addition increases the LEP. • Modified membranes show excellent anti-fouling and anti-wetting performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The initial density measurement results of the HFRC theta-pinch plasma formation region are presented for the first time. • The interferometer has a time resolution of 40 MHz by using the acousto-optic modulator (AOM), which can benefit for the future physical research such as observation of the rotational instabilities on HFRC. • The interferometer eliminates the phase error caused by mechanical vibration and fringe jump during measurement by adopting CO2 laser and HeNe laser as the source. The experimental results show that the phase noise of the two color interferometer system is within 1.7° and the residual error is less than 1 × 1018 m−2. Two color interferometer adopting short wavelength lasers is one of the most reliable methods to measure the electron density in high density fusion devices, which is immune to mechanical vibration and fringe jump error by using two lasers of different wavelength. Considering the anticipant line-integral electron density of 1020∼1021 m−2, the initial plasma duration of tens of μs, and the expected rotational instability on the order of several μs at the HUST-FRC (HFRC), a single chord two color (CO 2 /HeNe, 10.6 μm/0.633 μm) heterodyne system is installed in the initial operation stage of HFRC. The modulation frequency is 40 MHz, which is generated by acousto-optic modulator (AOM) and benefits for the future physical research. The experimental results show that the phase noise of the two color interferometer system is within 1.7° and the residual error is less than 1 × 1018 m−2. Based on the results of the single-channel interferometric system, a multi-channel system can be expected in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquid assisted ultrasonic method was developed to prepare BiOCl at room temperature in a short time. Through this method, BiOCl with different controllable morphologies can be easily obtained via the simple change of the reaction solvents. The flowerlike microspheres, sheet and plate morphologies have been prepared in DMF, ethanol and water, respectively. And the as-prepared BiOCl samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), N 2 absorption-desorption isotherms and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated towards degradation of Rhodomine B (RhB), Quinoline blue (QB) and methyl orange (MO). The results indicate that the as-prepared BiOCl samples have high photoactivities for the degradation of dyes both under the visible light irradiation and sunlight irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we reported on controlled synthesis of nano/micro-structured NaLa(MoO 4 ) 2 and NaLa(MoO 4 ) 2 :Eu 3+ via a facile surfactant-assisted hydrothermal process. It is found that the morphology and crystallization of the molybdates are affected by such growth parameters as temperature, pH value, reaction time and reactant concentrations. The formation mechanism is suggested that contains steps of fast nucleation, self-assembly in the stabilizer, hydrothermal isolation and, finally, the micrometer scaled particle appearance The Eu 3+ doped molybdate is superhydrophobic and also luminescent. These properties make the doped molybdates as potential candidates for waterproof light emitting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple hydrothermal method was developed to synthesize BiWO/TiO-layered heterojunctions. The effect of amount of TiO and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the structure and morphology of BiWO/TiO heterojunctions was investigated. The results suggest that the structure and morphology of BiWO/TiO heterojunctions can be tuned by changing reaction conditions. Then the heterojunctions were used to catalyze the degradation of methyl orange, quinoline blue, Rhodamine B, and methylene blue under visible light (Xe-lamp, 300 W). And their superhydrophobic property was characterized. It shows that TiO/BiWO heterojunctions not only exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity, but also show significant superhydrophobic property. Moreover, a possible photocatalytic mechanism was also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By combining the advantages of both ionic liquids and ultrasound, a novel method, namely the ionic liquid-assisted ultrasonic method, was developed to prepare BiOCl/m-BiVO4 heterojunctions in several hours at room temperature. Through this method, BiOCl/BiVO4 heterojunctions with different BiOCl contents can be conveniently synthesized via simply changing the amount of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) used during the preparation process. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to examine the structures of the as-prepared BiOCl/m-BiVO4 heterojunctions. The morphologies were characterized via scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results suggest that the as-prepared BiOCl/m-BiVO4 heterojunctions have high photocatalytic activity and stability for the degradation of Rhodamine B under both visible light and sunlight irradiation at room temperature. Moreover, a possible mechanism was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method namely precipitation method was developed to prepare α-Zn(VO) in the absence of any templates or additives. The reaction condition is relatively mild. The chemical structure and morphology were characterized by SEM, FTIR, UV-Vis, PL, and XRD, and the superhydrophobic ability was investigated. It was found that pH and the molar ratio of Zn to V play critical roles in determining the morphologies and growth processes of the products. Furthermore, the modified glass surface treated with α-Zn(VO) and methanol solution of 2 % (v/v) 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFOTS) exhibited a superhydrophobic property (a water contact angle: 160.9°). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High response and high selectivity of SnO 2 -based NO X sensors play a major role in industry and biology. However, there are still some disadvantages such as high production cost, low response and high detection limit. Therefore, a simple electrospinning method is reported for the preparation of In-doped SnO 2 nanofibers (In-SnO 2 NFs) for high response and selectivity to NO X in this paper. The results showed that In doping not only changed the morphology of the nanofibers but also improved the gas response to NO X (R g /R a = 737.8 under 100 ppm). The gas-sensing mechanism of In-SnO 2 NFs to NO X was researched by XPS, O 2 -TPD and H 2 -TPR tests. The results showed that the excellent sensing performance was due to the polycrystalline structure consist of nanoparticles which provided multiple active centers for sensing reactions, and the In dopant increased the carrier concentration, adsorbed oxygen and oxygen vacancy. Therefore, In-SnO 2 NFs has a good application value in sensing materials. • In-SnO 2 NFs with polycrystalline structure were synthesized by single-needle electrospinning. • The In-SnO 2 NFs showed excellent response and selectivity to 100 ppm NO X , up to 737.8. • The conductivity types and electron transport capabilities of the In-SnO 2 NFs were investigated by O 2 -TPD, H 2 -TPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Effects of fumed silica on Ba(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3)O 3 ceramics were explored. • Compared with other BMN-based ceramics, the ceramics in this work had a lower permittivity, an ultra-high Q × f value, and a near-zero τ f value among Ta-free ceramic materials. • Due to its comprehensive excellent dielectric properties, the ceramic stood out among the high- Q × f value ceramics with a permittivity of about 25. Ba(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3)O 3 ceramics were prepared using different amounts of fumed silica, and their crystal structure, phonon mode, and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. The results showed that upon adding 0.16 mol% of magnesium carbonate tetrahydrate and a small amount of fumed silica to the ceramics, the permittivity of the ceramics was greatly reduced compared to that of other Ba(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3)O 3 -based ceramic materials, and the Q× f value was significantly increased. Raman spectra showed that the full width at half maximum values of E g (Nb) and A 1g (Nb) were opposite to the variation trends of ordering parameter S and the Q× f values. Optimal dielectric properties, ε r = 25.17, Q× f = 114,565 GHz (at 6.8 GHz), and τ f = 0.82 ppm/ °C, were achieved for the sample with x = 0.6 wt.% sintered at 1560 °C for 10 h. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bi2WO6 nanosheets have been synthesized at different pH values by a hydrothermal method. Various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV/Vis absorption spectra and contact angle (CA) analysis, were employed to investigate the as-prepared products. The Bi2WO6 nanosheets prepared at pH = 9 (BW9) showed excellent photocatalytic performance by degradation of the methylene blue (MB) solution (10 mg/L) and the degradation rate was found to be 93 % under visible light for 3 h. Furthermore, the wettability of the as-synthesized Bi2WO6 film was studied by measuring the water CA. It was found that they show extraordinary superhydrophobicity and excellent adhesion of water, even without modification by low-surface-energy materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have studied the electronic structure and transport properties of hybrid nanowires made of a copper chain adsorbed on a single-wall carbon nanotube (CNT) using first principle methods. Results have shown that after the adsorption of the Cu chain, the density of states and the transmission coefficients of the CNT (5, 5)/Cu nanowire have been increased, while the band gap of CNT (10, 0)/Cu have been significantly reduced. These results imply that the conductivity of CNTs, either metallic or semiconducting, have been enhanced by the adsorption of a copper chain. These hybrid nanowires with enhanced conductivity may be suitable for nanoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A dynamic, out-of-equilibrium model of aggregate demand and supply is specified. The existence of, and convergence to, a macroeconomic equilibrium is derived, and the existence of a supporting revealed social utility function is established. Empirical estimates for three recent historical ‘eras’ suggest the model''s explanatory power is impressive. Implications for possible policy repercussions include striking shifts in effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Hollow Ag-doped Fe 2 O 3 nanofibers with large specific surface area were prepared by simple electrospinning. • Ag-doped Fe 2 O 3 composites sensor exhibits a superior response and selectivity for H 2 S. • The gas sensing mechanism of Ag-doped Fe 2 O 3 nanofibers was studied by O 2 -TPD, H 2 -TPR and DFT calculations. In this paper, a simple method to synthesize Ag-doped Fe 2 O 3 hollow nanofibers by electrospinning was reported. The synthesized samples were fabricated into gas sensors, and their sensing properties were studied systematically. The results showed that the Ag-doped Fe 2 O 3 materials were hollow tubular structures and had high response (R a /R g = 19.43), selectivity and sensitivity to H 2 S at room temperature. The response mechanism of the sensor to H 2 S was studied by DFT, O 2 -TPD and H 2 -TPR. It was considered that the excellent gas sensing performance of the sensor was that the Ag-dopant increased the concentration of carriers, adsorbed oxygen and lattice oxygen. The rough hollow structure was conducive to gas adsorption and capture, which provided many active centers for the sensing reaction. Therefore, the Ag-doped Fe 2 O 3 nanofibers with hollow structure will have promising uses as sensing material in future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Enhanced Renal Carcinoma Treatment via Synergistic Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy Using Hittorf's Phosphorus-Decorated Polymeric Carbon Nitride Heterostructure" discusses a new treatment approach for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The study focuses on a polymeric carbon nitride heterostructure decorated with Hittorf's phosphorus, which has shown promising results in eradicating ccRCC through a combination of near infrared light-induced photothermal and photodynamic therapy. The article provides further details on this treatment approach and is authored by a team of researchers. [Extracted from the article]

Craniectomy is a lifesaving procedure to alleviate dangerously high intracranial pressure by removing a bone flap from the calvarium. However, the osteointegration of reimplanted bone flap with the existing bone tissue is still a clinical challenge. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has shown efficacy in promoting bone repair and could be a promising treatment for accelerating postoperative recovery. However, the specific cell types that are responsive to HBO treatment are not well understood. In this study, we created a murine model of craniectomy, with reimplantation of the cranial flap after 1 week. The effects of HBO treatment on bone formation and blood vessel formation around reimplanted bone were examined by micro‐computed tomography, histological staining, and immunofluorescence staining. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) was utilized to identify key cell subtypes and signaling pathways after HBO treatment. We found that HBO treatment increased bone volume around reimplanted cranial flaps. HBO also increased the volume of Osterix‐expressing cells and type H vessels. scRNAseq data showed more mature osteoblasts and endothelial cells, with higher expressions of adhesion and migration‐related genes after HBO treatment. Cell–cell interaction analysis revealed a higher expression level of genes between mature osteoblasts and endothelial cells from the angiopoietin 2‐integrin α5β1 pathway. Taken together, HBO therapy promotes the healing process of craniectomy by regulating the crosstalk between vascular endothelial cells and osteogenic cells. These findings provide evidence in a preclinical model that HBO therapy enhances osteointegration by regulating angiogenesis–osteogenesis coupling, providing a scientific basis for utilizing HBO therapy for accelerating postoperative recovery after craniectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing a suitable learning environment allows the student to experience the contextual music experience and give it the pleasure of educational / formal practices and temporarily free study in their music education, without involving external controls over experiments and methods solutions. The construction and cloud principles of music education subsystems, a modular design of a centralized control system and device data collection using a wireless information transmission system. The immune and computer mechanism will be explored based on the terminal's cloud and network consumption in the wireless sensor network power system at router node repair techniques and music education assistant sites using Neural Network (NN) based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) tool. By studying the power consumption and server stability of network structures, energy harvesting, wireless sensor networks certainly have specific practical implications for improving traditional music education support sites. Better performance would be perfect. To learn factual content and incorporate methods to become independent in their cognitive journey of learning: knowledge is coded, but unique, I have learned to grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the interaction mechanism of casein (CA) and whey protein (WP) with anthocyanins from purple potato flour (PPA), multiple spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking simulation were used. After extraction and purification, two non-acylated anthocyanins and three acylated anthocyanins were identified in purple potato flour using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The fluorescence quenching experiment found that PPA could effectively quench the intrinsic fluorescence of CA and WP by static quenching. CA had a stronger binding affinity toward PPA than WP did, with respective K a values of 4.23 × 105 M−1 and 1.66 × 105 M−1 at 297 K. Structural analysis indicated that PPA bound CA and WP through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, and the number of bound anthocyanin molecules (n) was approximately equal to 1. The ΔG values of PPA binding with CA and WP were −30.96 kJ mol−1 and -29.16 kJ mol−1, respectively, which suggested that the binding reaction was spontaneous. Moreover, the conformational structures of CA and WP were altered by PPA binding with a decrease in α-helix and β-turn contents and an increase in β-sheet and irregular coil contents. Molecular docking analyses showed that CA and WP had different binding sites with anthocyanins. This study is helpful to better understand the interaction mechanism of CA and WP with anthocyanins and provides guidance for their applications in the food industry. Image 1 • Anthocyanins statically quench the intrinsic fluorescence of casein and whey protein. • Anthocyanins binding altered the secondary structure of casein and whey protein. • Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces are the main forces for complex formation. • Casein and whey protein showed different binding sites with anthocyanins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, abundant starch was separated from the industrial crop Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright (DZW), and a novel bioactive packaging film loaded with oregano essential oil (OEO) was prepared and characterized. NaClO solution worked as a bleacher to prepare uniform starch powder from DZW tubers. OEO was selected from among three essential oils of Labiatae family plants for its strongest antibacterial activity. After the addition of OEO into the starch-based film, the UV–vis shielding property and antioxidant activity were enhanced. Meanwhile, the films still have a considerable performance in transparency, mechanical strength and water vapor permeability after incorporated with OEO. Furthermore, the 3% OEO-loaded starch film exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It effectively lowered the total viable count of fresh chicken under 4 °C preservation conditions. These results revealed that the OEO-loaded DZW starch film can exert a positive effect on maintaining the quality and extending the shelf life of fresh meat. Therefore, readily accessible DZW tubers and oregano are very promising resources for application in degradable bioactive packaging film. [Display omitted] • Starch was obtained from Dioscorea zingiberensis tubers by physical separation. • DZW starch was applied to produce degradable packaging film for the first time. • OEO-loaded starch film exhibited strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities. • 3% OEO-loaded starch film significantly reduced the TVC of fresh chicken fillets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Compared with the previous works about MJSPSs that the controller was assumed to directly obtain the system mode, we utilize the HMM to describe this asynchronous phenomenon, thus the designed controller is more general and appropriate. • Aiming at the Markov jump and singularly perturbed parameter (SPP) in the system, a proper mode-independent sliding surface and an asynchronous SMC law in consideration of the singularly perturbed parameter matrix are proposed based on the HMM approach. • As the first attempt, the fault-tolerant control scheme is applied in the asynchronous SMC for MJSPSs. Combined with it, the mean-square stability with an acceptable H ∞ system performance is achieved. This work studies the asynchronous fault-tolerant sliding mode control for uncertain stochastic jumping systems subject to singular perturbations, in which the controller is assumed to be able to estimate the hidden system mode through a detector with a conditional probability via the hidden-Markov model. Additionally, in consideration of avoiding the system performance decreases generated by the actuator degradation, the synthesized fault-tolerant sliding mode control scheme is first employed. Through applying a common singularly perturbed parameter based sliding surface, this paper attempts to construct a proper asynchronous sliding mode control law that can ensure not only the reachability but also the closed-loop system is stable with an expected H ∞ performance index. By virtue of the mode-dependent Lyapunov function and the hidden-Markov model approach, sufficient conditions are acquired. Besides, solving linear matrix inequalities for obtaining the control gain matrices are given through the convex optimization theory. Eventually, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed asynchronous fault-tolerant sliding mode control scheme are verified by a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solvent-resistant nanofiltration (NF) membranes have numerous application prospects. In this study, a novel solvent-resistant nanofiltration membrane with a double layered polyamide structure was prepared for efficient desalination. The substrate was polyimide crosslinked with m -phenylenediamine (MPD), and the surface layer was polyamide prepared by typical interfacial polymerization. The crosslinking was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Investigation of the effects of different reaction conditions on membrane performance showed that the optimal reaction conditions were found to be: 5% aqueous MPD solution with crosslinking time of 10 min and piperazine concentration of 0.1% (m/v). The rejection rate for sodium sulfate and sodium chloride were 99.13% and 97.45%, respectively. The membrane morphologies were studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The membrane showed electronegativity in the pH range of 3.0–10.0 and its contact angle was 54.28°, indicating excellent hydrophilicity. After soaking in several solvents for a week, the membrane still had a high rejection rate of more than 90% for Na 2 SO 4 , demonstrating its excellent solvent resistance. Image 1 • A novel solvent-resistant NF membrane was prepared for efficient desalination. • Changes in properties of PI substrate affect the performance of NF membrane. • The membrane showed highly increased rejection rate for univalent salts. • The membrane also displayed excellent solvent resistance. • The membrane has promising application in treatment of high-salinity wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The DADPM-TMC NF membrane was prepared by interfacial polymerization for dye removal. • The rejection rate of three negatively charged dyes used in this study was above 95%. • The membrane surface is electronegative and extremely hydrophilic. • Filtration experiment of BSA solution showed excellent anti-pollution performance. Membrane separation processes constitute an economical and efficient technology for the effective treatment of dye wastewater. In this study, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane and 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride were used as monomers to prepare polyamide-based nanofiltration (NF) membranes by interfacial polymerization, for dye removal. The preparation parameters of the NF membrane were optimized by investigating the effects of the concentrations of two monomers, the soaking time of the carrier in aqueous solution of monomer, and the polymerization time on the membrane performance. The surface roughness of optimized membrane was found to be only 5.08 nm, and the stabilized contact angle was about 25°, indicating very high hydrophilicity. When the pH was in the range from 3 to 10, the membrane surface became electronegative, which resulted in a high rejection rate toward various negatively charged dyes. For the congo red dye solution, the membrane showed a flux of 36.81 L m−2 h−1 and a rejection rate of 99%. The rejection rate of the other two negatively charged dyes investigated herein was also above 95%. Moreover, the filtration experiment of bovine serum albumin solution showed that the flux recovery rate of the membrane was up to 89.85%, indicating good stability and antifouling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study had focused on exploring the role of PERK/ATF4 pathway in the Ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO-NPs) induced liver inflammation, and the findings had brought an inspiration for the USPIO-NPs medical application. " Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediates Inflammatory Response Triggered by Ultra-Small Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Hepatocytes.". [Extracted from the article]