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Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are promising insertion‐type cathode materials for different types of aqueous batteries, capable of accommodating metal or non‐metal ions. However, their practical application is hindered by their susceptibility to dissolution, which leads to a shortened lifespan. Herein, we have revealed that the dissolution of PBAs primarily originates from the locally elevated pH of electrolytes, which is caused by the proton co‐insertion during discharge. To address this issue, the water‐locking strategy has been implemented, which interrupts the generation and Grotthuss diffusion of protons by breaking the well‐connected hydrogen bonding network in aqueous electrolytes. As a result, the hybrid electrolyte enables the iron hexacyanoferrate to endure over 1000 cycles at a 1 C rate and supports a high‐voltage pH‐decoupled cell with an average voltage of 1.95 V. These findings provide insights for mitigating the dissolution of electrode materials, thereby enhancing the viability and performance of aqueous batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of next‐generation ultrahigh‐energy‐density Li−O2 batteries, it is imperative to develop an electrolyte with stability against the strong oxidation environments. N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) is a recognized solvent known for its robust resistance to the highly reactive reduced oxygen species, yet its application in Li−O2 batteries has been constrained due to its poor compatibility with the Li metal anode. In this study, a rationally selected hydrofluoroether diluent, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether (M3), has been introduced into the DMA‐based electrolyte to construct a localized high concentration electrolyte. The stable −CH3 and C−F bonds within the M3 structure could not only augment the fundamental properties of the electrolyte but also fortify its resilience against attacks from O2− and 1O2. Additionally, the strong electron‐withdrawing groups (−F) presented in the M3 diluent could facilitate coordination with the electron‐donating groups (−CH3) in the DMA solvent. This intermolecular interaction promotes more alignments of Li+‐anions with a small amount of M3 addition, leading to the construction of an anion‐derived inorganic‐rich SEI that enhances the stability of the Li anode. As a result, the Li−O2 batteries with the DMA/M3 electrolyte exhibit superior cycling performance at both 30 °C (359th) and −10 °C (120th). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: The increasing demand for high‐energy storage systems has propelled the development of Li‐air batteries and Li‐O2/CO2 batteries to elucidate the mechanism and extend battery life. However, the high charge voltage of Li2CO3 accelerates the decomposition of traditional sulfone and ether electrolytes, thus adopting high‐voltage electrolytes in Li‐O2/CO2 batteries is vital to achieve a stable battery system. Herein, we adopt a commercial carbonate electrolyte to prove its excellent suitability in Li‐O2/CO2 batteries. The generated superoxide can be captured by CO2 to form less aggressive intermediates, stabilizing the carbonate electrolyte without reactive oxygen species induced decomposition. In addition, this electrolyte permits the Li metal plating/stripping with a significantly improved reversibility, enabling the possibility of using ultra‐thin Li anode. Benefiting from the good rechargeability of Li2CO3, less cathode passivation, and stabilized Li anode in carbonate electrolyte, the Li‐O2/CO2 battery demonstrates a long cycling lifetime of 167 cycles at 0.1 mA·cm–2 and 0.25 mAh·cm–2. This work paves a new avenue for optimizing carbonate‐based electrolytes for Li‐O2 and Li‐O2/CO2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lithium (Li)–air battery has an ultrahigh theoretical specific energy, however, even in pure oxygen (O2), the vulnerability of conventional organic electrolytes and carbon cathodes towards reaction intermediates, especially O2−, and corrosive oxidation and crack/pulverization of Li metal anode lead to poor cycling stability of the Li‐air battery. Even worse, the water and/or CO2 in air bring parasitic reactions and safety issues. Therefore, applying such systems in open‐air environment is challenging. Herein, contrary to previous assertions, we have found that CO2 can improve the stability of both anode and electrolyte, and a high‐performance rechargeable Li–O2/CO2 battery is developed. The CO2 not only facilitates the in situ formation of a passivated protective Li2CO3 film on the Li anode, but also restrains side reactions involving electrolyte and cathode by capturing O2−. Moreover, the Pd/CNT catalyst in the cathode can extend the battery lifespan by effectively tuning the product morphology and catalyzing the decomposition of Li2CO3. The Li–O2/CO2 battery achieves a full discharge capacity of 6628 mAh g−1 and a long life of 715 cycles, which is even better than those of pure Li–O2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: The increasing demand for high‐energy storage systems has propelled the development of Li‐air batteries and Li‐O2/CO2 batteries to elucidate the mechanism and extend battery life. However, the high charge voltage of Li2CO3 accelerates the decomposition of traditional sulfone and ether electrolytes, thus adopting high‐voltage electrolytes in Li‐O2/CO2 batteries is vital to achieve a stable battery system. Herein, we adopt a commercial carbonate electrolyte to prove its excellent suitability in Li‐O2/CO2 batteries. The generated superoxide can be captured by CO2 to form less aggressive intermediates, stabilizing the carbonate electrolyte without reactive oxygen species induced decomposition. In addition, this electrolyte permits the Li metal plating/stripping with a significantly improved reversibility, enabling the possibility of using ultra‐thin Li anode. Benefiting from the good rechargeability of Li2CO3, less cathode passivation, and stabilized Li anode in carbonate electrolyte, the Li‐O2/CO2 battery demonstrates a long cycling lifetime of 167 cycles at 0.1 mA·cm–2 and 0.25 mAh·cm–2. This work paves a new avenue for optimizing carbonate‐based electrolytes for Li‐O2 and Li‐O2/CO2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The salt overly sensitive pathway has an important function in plant salinity tolerance. The enhancer of SOS3-1 (ENH1) participates in a new salinity stress pathway with SOS2 but without SOS3. To investigate the physiological effects and functional mechanism of ENH1 under salt stress, ENH1 was isolated from tomato and overexpressed in tobacco. Under salt stress, the sprouting percentage, fresh weight, and dry weight of transgenic plants were higher than those of wild-type (WT) plants. Under salt stress, the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII in transgenic plants decreased more slowly than those in WT plants. The overexpression of LeENH1 in tobacco excluded Na+ from the cytosol and retained high K+ levels in the cytosol to reestablish ion homeostasis. Higher thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase activity and lower reactive oxygen species levels were found in transgenic plants under salt stress. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Li-O 2 batteries (LOBs) possess the highest theoretical gravimetric energy density among all types of secondary batteries, but they are still far from practical applications. The poor rate performance resulting from the slow mass transfer is one of the primary obstacles in LOBs. To solve this issue, a rotating cathode with periodic changes in the electrolyte layer thickness is designed, decoupling the maximum transfer rate of Li + and O 2 . During rotation, the thinner electrolyte layer on the cathode facilitates the O 2 transfer, and the thicker electrolyte layer enhances the Li + transfer. As a result, the rotating cathode enables the LOBs to undergo 58 cycles at 2.5 mA cm -2 and discharge stably even at a high current density of 7.5 mA cm -2 . Besides, it also makes the batteries exhibit a large discharge capacity of 6.8 mAh cm -2 , and the capacity decay is much slower with increasing current density. Notably, this rotating electrode holds great promise for utilization in other electrochemical cells involving gas-liquid-solid triple-phase interfaces, suggesting a viable approach to enhance the mass transfer in such systems., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Objective: To detect the serum protein biomarkers and establish a diagnostic model for primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) with interstitial lung disease (ILD)., Methods: Serum samples from 69 patients with pSS were prepared with WCX magnetic beads, and analyzed on PBS II-C mass spectrometer reader. Biomarker Wizard software was used to detect protein peaks and potential difference between the patients with pSS-ILD and with non-ILD. The model was developed by Biomarker Patterns software., Results: Totally 7 discriminative mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios were identified to be related with pSS-ILD (P<0.05). Among these, the m/z peaks at 3 778.3, 3 318.3 and 2 236.6 were used to construct a diagnostic model. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 93.1% and 87.5%, respectively. In a testing set, the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 84.0% and 85.7%, respectively., Conclusion: The potential protein biomarkers for pSS-ILD are discovered in the serum by MALDI-TOF-MS combined with WCX magnetic beads. The diagnostic pattern combining 3 778.3, 3 318.3 and 2 236.6 m/z protein peaks can discriminate pSS-ILD and non-ILD.