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3. Personalized rTMS for Depression: A Review

Author

Gogulski, Juha, Ross, Jessica M., Talbot, Austin, Cline, Christopher, Donati, Francesco L, Munot, Saachi, Kim, Naryeong, Gibbs, Ciara, Bastin, Nikita, Yang, Jessica, Minasi, Christopher B., Sarkar, Manjima, Truong, Jade, and Keller, Corey J

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

Personalized treatments are gaining momentum across all fields of medicine. Precision medicine can be applied to neuromodulatory techniques, where focused brain stimulation treatments such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are used to modulate brain circuits and alleviate clinical symptoms. rTMS is well-tolerated and clinically effective for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and other neuropsychiatric disorders. However, despite its wide stimulation parameter space (location, angle, pattern, frequency, and intensity can be adjusted), rTMS is currently applied in a one-size-fits-all manner, potentially contributing to its suboptimal clinical response (~50%). In this review, we examine components of rTMS that can be optimized to account for inter-individual variability in neural function and anatomy. We discuss current treatment options for TRD, the neural mechanisms thought to underlie treatment, differences in FDA-cleared devices, targeting strategies, stimulation parameter selection, and adaptive closed-loop rTMS to improve treatment outcomes. We suggest that better understanding of the wide and modifiable parameter space of rTMS will greatly improve clinical outcome.

Published
2022

4. A Comparative Analysis of User’s Concerns and Government Policies on Autonomous Vehicles

Author

Wakam Younang, Victorine Clotilde, Yang, Jessica, Jacuinde, Leonardo Garcia, Sen, Amartya, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Tekinerdogan, Bedir, editor, Wang, Yingwei, editor, and Zhang, Liang-Jie, editor

Published
2023
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5. SCANPatient: study protocol for a multi-centre, batched, stepped wedge, comparative effectiveness, randomised clinical trial of synoptic reporting of computerised tomography (CT) scans assessing cancers of the pancreas

Author

Li, Lin, Kasza, Jessica, Recasens, Ariadna, Ioannou, Liane, Greenhill, Elysia, Merrett, Neil, Cavallucci, David, Ellis, Samantha, Madgwick, Helen, Ko, Hyun Soo, Chantrill, Lorraine, Loveday, Benjamin, Nikfarjam, Mehrdad, Croagh, Daniel, Yang, Jessica, Dwyer, Andrew, Zalcberg, John, and Pilgrim, Charles

Published
2024
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7. First-line regorafenib with nivolumab and chemotherapy in advanced oesophageal, gastric, or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer in the USA: a single-arm, single-centre, phase 2 trial

Author

Cytryn, Samuel L, Moy, Ryan H, Cowzer, Darren, Shah, Ronak H, Chou, Joanne F, Joshi, Smita S, Ku, Geoffrey Y, Maron, Steven B, Desai, Avni, Yang, Jessica, Sugarman, Ryan, Rao, Devika, Goldberg, Zoe, Charalambous, Carmelina, Lapshina, Maria, Antoine, Ariel, Socolow, Fiona, Trivedi, Nikhil, Capanu, Marinela, Gerdes, Hans, Schattner, Mark A, Simmons, Marc, Lacouture, Mario E, Paroder, Viktoriya, Tang, Laura H, Shia, Jinru, Ilson, David H, Solit, David B, Berger, Michael F, and Janjigian, Yelena Y

Published
2023
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11. Phase Separation of a PKA Regulatory Subunit Controls cAMP Compartmentation and Oncogenic Signaling

Author

Zhang, Jason Z, Lu, Tsan-Wen, Stolerman, Lucas M, Tenner, Brian, Yang, Jessica R, Zhang, Jin-Fan, Falcke, Martin, Rangamani, Padmini, Taylor, Susan S, Mehta, Sohum, and Zhang, Jin

Subjects
Cancer, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Animals, Carcinogenesis, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Cell Compartmentation, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Cyclic AMP, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Cytoplasm, HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins, Humans, Liver Neoplasms, Mice, Oncogenes, Protein Domains, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Signal Transduction, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Time-Lapse Imaging, DnaJB1-PKA, FLC, FRET, biosensor, fibrolamellar carcinoma, live cell imaging, membraneless organelle, signal transduction, split GFP, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

The fidelity of intracellular signaling hinges on the organization of dynamic activity architectures. Spatial compartmentation was first proposed over 30 years ago to explain how diverse G protein-coupled receptors achieve specificity despite converging on a ubiquitous messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). However, the mechanisms responsible for spatially constraining this diffusible messenger remain elusive. Here, we reveal that the type I regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), RIα, undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) as a function of cAMP signaling to form biomolecular condensates enriched in cAMP and PKA activity, critical for effective cAMP compartmentation. We further show that a PKA fusion oncoprotein associated with an atypical liver cancer potently blocks RIα LLPS and induces aberrant cAMP signaling. Loss of RIα LLPS in normal cells increases cell proliferation and induces cell transformation. Our work reveals LLPS as a principal organizer of signaling compartments and highlights the pathological consequences of dysregulating this activity architecture.

Published
2020

13. Puerperal Psychosis

Author

Yang, Jessica Mei Kay, Jones, Ian, Di Florio, Arianna, Percudani, Mauro, editor, Bramante, Alessandra, editor, Brenna, Valeria, editor, and Pariante, Carmine, editor

Published
2022
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14. Tumor Biomechanics Alters Metastatic Dissemination of Triple Negative Breast Cancer via Rewiring Fatty Acid Metabolism

Author

Filipe, Elysse C., primary, Velayuthar, Sipiththa, additional, Philp, Ashleigh, additional, Nobis, Max, additional, Latham, Sharissa L., additional, Parker, Amelia L., additional, Murphy, Kendelle J., additional, Wyllie, Kaitlin, additional, Major, Gretel S., additional, Contreras, Osvaldo, additional, Mok, Ellie T. Y., additional, Enriquez, Ronaldo F., additional, McGowan, Suzanne, additional, Feher, Kristen, additional, Quek, Lake‐Ee, additional, Hancock, Sarah E., additional, Yam, Michelle, additional, Tran, Emmi, additional, Setargew, Yordanos F. I., additional, Skhinas, Joanna N., additional, Chitty, Jessica L., additional, Phimmachanh, Monica, additional, Han, Jeremy Z. R., additional, Cadell, Antonia L., additional, Papanicolaou, Michael, additional, Mahmodi, Hadi, additional, Kiedik, Beata, additional, Junankar, Simon, additional, Ross, Samuel E., additional, Lam, Natasha, additional, Coulson, Rhiannon, additional, Yang, Jessica, additional, Zaratzian, Anaiis, additional, Da Silva, Andrew M., additional, Tayao, Michael, additional, Chin, Ian L., additional, Cazet, Aurélie, additional, Kansara, Maya, additional, Segara, Davendra, additional, Parker, Andrew, additional, Hoy, Andrew J., additional, Harvey, Richard P., additional, Bogdanovic, Ozren, additional, Timpson, Paul, additional, Croucher, David R., additional, Lim, Elgene, additional, Swarbrick, Alexander, additional, Holst, Jeff, additional, Turner, Nigel, additional, Choi, Yu Suk, additional, Kabakova, Irina V., additional, Philp, Andrew, additional, and Cox, Thomas R., additional

Published
2024
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24. Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology

Author

Mullins, Niamh, Forstner, Andreas J., O’Connell, Kevin S., Coombes, Brandon, Coleman, Jonathan R. I., Qiao, Zhen, Als, Thomas D., Bigdeli, Tim B., Børte, Sigrid, Bryois, Julien, Charney, Alexander W., Drange, Ole Kristian, Gandal, Michael J., Hagenaars, Saskia P., Ikeda, Masashi, Kamitaki, Nolan, Kim, Minsoo, Krebs, Kristi, Panagiotaropoulou, Georgia, Schilder, Brian M., Sloofman, Laura G., Steinberg, Stacy, Trubetskoy, Vassily, Winsvold, Bendik S., Won, Hong-Hee, Abramova, Liliya, Adorjan, Kristina, Agerbo, Esben, Al Eissa, Mariam, Albani, Diego, Alliey-Rodriguez, Ney, Anjorin, Adebayo, Antilla, Verneri, Antoniou, Anastasia, Awasthi, Swapnil, Baek, Ji Hyun, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Bass, Nicholas, Bauer, Michael, Beins, Eva C., Bergen, Sarah E., Birner, Armin, Bøcker Pedersen, Carsten, Bøen, Erlend, Boks, Marco P., Bosch, Rosa, Brum, Murielle, Brumpton, Ben M., Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Nathalie, Budde, Monika, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Byerley, William, Cairns, Murray, Casas, Miquel, Cervantes, Pablo, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Cuellar-Barboza, Alfredo, Cunningham, Julie, Curtis, David, Czerski, Piotr M., Dale, Anders M., Dalkner, Nina, David, Friederike S., Degenhardt, Franziska, Djurovic, Srdjan, Dobbyn, Amanda L., Douzenis, Athanassios, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Escott-Price, Valentina, Ferrier, I. Nicol, Fiorentino, Alessia, Foroud, Tatiana M., Forty, Liz, Frank, Josef, Frei, Oleksandr, Freimer, Nelson B., Frisén, Louise, Gade, Katrin, Garnham, Julie, Gelernter, Joel, Giørtz Pedersen, Marianne, Gizer, Ian R., Gordon, Scott D., Gordon-Smith, Katherine, Greenwood, Tiffany A., Grove, Jakob, Guzman-Parra, José, Ha, Kyooseob, Haraldsson, Magnus, Hautzinger, Martin, Heilbronner, Urs, Hellgren, Dennis, Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Holmans, Peter A., Huckins, Laura, Jamain, Stéphane, Johnson, Jessica S., Kalman, Janos L., Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kennedy, James L., Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Knowles, James A., Kogevinas, Manolis, Koromina, Maria, Kranz, Thorsten M., Kranzler, Henry R., Kubo, Michiaki, Kupka, Ralph, Kushner, Steven A., Lavebratt, Catharina, Lawrence, Jacob, Leber, Markus, Lee, Heon-Jeong, Lee, Phil H., Levy, Shawn E., Lewis, Catrin, Liao, Calwing, Lucae, Susanne, Lundberg, Martin, MacIntyre, Donald J., Magnusson, Sigurdur H., Maier, Wolfgang, Maihofer, Adam, Malaspina, Dolores, Maratou, Eirini, Martinsson, Lina, Mattheisen, Manuel, McCarroll, Steven A., McGregor, Nathaniel W., McGuffin, Peter, McKay, James D., Medeiros, Helena, Medland, Sarah E., Millischer, Vincent, Montgomery, Grant W., Moran, Jennifer L., Morris, Derek W., Mühleisen, Thomas W., O’Brien, Niamh, O’Donovan, Claire, Olde Loohuis, Loes M., Oruc, Lilijana, Papiol, Sergi, Pardiñas, Antonio F., Perry, Amy, Pfennig, Andrea, Porichi, Evgenia, Potash, James B., Quested, Digby, Raj, Towfique, Rapaport, Mark H., DePaulo, J. Raymond, Regeer, Eline J., Rice, John P., Rivas, Fabio, Rivera, Margarita, Roth, Julian, Roussos, Panos, Ruderfer, Douglas M., Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Schulte, Eva C., Senner, Fanny, Sharp, Sally, Shilling, Paul D., Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Sirignano, Lea, Slaney, Claire, Smeland, Olav B., Smith, Daniel J., Sobell, Janet L., Søholm Hansen, Christine, Soler Artigas, Maria, Spijker, Anne T., Stein, Dan J., Strauss, John S., Świątkowska, Beata, Terao, Chikashi, Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Toma, Claudio, Tooney, Paul, Tsermpini, Evangelia-Eirini, Vawter, Marquis P., Vedder, Helmut, Walters, James T. R., Witt, Stephanie H., Xi, Simon, Xu, Wei, Yang, Jessica Mei Kay, Young, Allan H., Young, Hannah, Zandi, Peter P., Zhou, Hang, Zillich, Lea, Adolfsson, Rolf, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alfredsson, Lars, Babadjanova, Gulja, Backlund, Lena, Baune, Bernhard T., Bellivier, Frank, Bengesser, Susanne, Berrettini, Wade H., Blackwood, Douglas H. R., Boehnke, Michael, Børglum, Anders D., Breen, Gerome, Carr, Vaughan J., Catts, Stanley, Corvin, Aiden, Craddock, Nicholas, Dannlowski, Udo, Dikeos, Dimitris, Esko, Tõnu, Etain, Bruno, Ferentinos, Panagiotis, Frye, Mark, Fullerton, Janice M., Gawlik, Micha, Gershon, Elliot S., Goes, Fernando S., Green, Melissa J., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Hauser, Joanna, Henskens, Frans, Hillert, Jan, Hong, Kyung Sue, Hougaard, David M., Hultman, Christina M., Hveem, Kristian, Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V., Jones, Ian, Jones, Lisa A., Kahn, René S., Kelsoe, John R., Kirov, George, Landén, Mikael, Leboyer, Marion, Lewis, Cathryn M., Li, Qingqin S., Lissowska, Jolanta, Lochner, Christine, Loughland, Carmel, Martin, Nicholas G., Mathews, Carol A., Mayoral, Fermin, McElroy, Susan L., McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Francis J., Melle, Ingrid, Michie, Patricia, Milani, Lili, Mitchell, Philip B., Morken, Gunnar, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Mowry, Bryan, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Myers, Richard M., Neale, Benjamin M., Nievergelt, Caroline M., Nordentoft, Merete, Nöthen, Markus M., O’Donovan, Michael C., Oedegaard, Ketil J., Olsson, Tomas, Owen, Michael J., Paciga, Sara A., Pantelis, Chris, Pato, Carlos, Pato, Michele T., Patrinos, George P., Perlis, Roy H., Posthuma, Danielle, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Ribasés, Marta, Rietschel, Marcella, Ripke, Stephan, Rouleau, Guy A., Saito, Takeo, Schall, Ulrich, Schalling, Martin, Schofield, Peter R., Schulze, Thomas G., Scott, Laura J., Scott, Rodney J., Serretti, Alessandro, Shannon Weickert, Cynthia, Smoller, Jordan W., Stefansson, Hreinn, Stefansson, Kari, Stordal, Eystein, Streit, Fabian, Sullivan, Patrick F., Turecki, Gustavo, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Vincent, John B., Waldman, Irwin D., Weickert, Thomas W., Werge, Thomas, Wray, Naomi R., Zwart, John-Anker, Biernacka, Joanna M., Nurnberger, John I., Cichon, Sven, Edenberg, Howard J., Stahl, Eli A., McQuillin, Andrew, Di Florio, Arianna, Ophoff, Roel A., and Andreassen, Ole A.

Published
2021
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27. Evaluation of FGFR targeting in breast cancer through interrogation of patient-derived models

Author

Chew, Nicole J., Lim Kam Sian, Terry C. C., Nguyen, Elizabeth V., Shin, Sung-Young, Yang, Jessica, Hui, Mun N., Deng, Niantao, McLean, Catriona A., Welm, Alana L., Lim, Elgene, Gregory, Peter, Nottle, Tim, Lang, Tali, Vereker, Melissa, Richardson, Gary, Kerr, Genevieve, Micati, Diana, Jardé, Thierry, Abud, Helen E., Lee, Rachel S., Swarbrick, Alex, and Daly, Roger J.

Published
2021
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30. Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Author

Collen, Lauren V, primary, Mitsialis, Vanessa, additional, Kim, David Y, additional, Bresnahan, Mairead, additional, Yang, Jessica, additional, Tuthill, Margaret, additional, Combs, Abigail, additional, Barends, Jared, additional, Field, Michael, additional, Liu, Enju, additional, Bearup, Richelle, additional, Okoroafor, Ibeawuchi, additional, Klein, Christoph, additional, Muise, Aleixo M, additional, Bousvaros, Athos, additional, Ouahed, Jodie, additional, and Snapper, Scott B, additional

Published
2023
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37. Looking Back, Moving Forward: Technical, Normative, and Political Dimensions of School Discipline

Author

Wiley, Kathryn E., Anyon, Yolanda, Yang, Jessica L., Pauline, Malina E., Rosch, Alyssa, Valladares, Giovana, Downing, Barbara J., and Pisciotta, Lisa

Abstract

Purpose: School discipline reformers have presumed that such work is largely a technical task, emphasizing discrete changes to discipline policies and protocols. Yet prior theory and research suggest that emphasizing technical changes may overlook additional and important aspects of reform, namely, the normative and political dimensions within which technical aspects are embedded. Although this earlier work appears relevant to contemporary school discipline reform, the extent to which this theory extends to school discipline remains unestablished. The purpose of this article is to show how this earlier line of theory extends to the topic of school discipline. Method: We draw on data collected as part of a qualitative study in which we conducted semistructured interviews and focus groups with 198 educators from 33 public schools on the topic of school discipline. We applied an equity-minded reform theory to examine technical, normative, and political dimensions of school discipline. Findings and Implications: We found the technical dimension of school discipline was characterized by educators' strategic use of school resources and capacity building; normative conditions that supported conflict prevention and increased responsibility; and political dynamics in which administrators shifted power to encourage more inclusive discipline strategies. Furthermore, using this model illuminated interrelationships between dimensions, suggesting that unidimensional models--and their related reforms--may overlook nuances of this important reform issue. This theoretical extension provides a more holistic conceptualization than currently used in reform efforts, contributes to earlier lines of scholarship, and opens up new avenues of future inquiry.

Published
2018
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38. 'We Have to Educate Every Single Student, Not Just the Ones That Look Like Us': Support Service Providers' Beliefs about the Root Causes of the School-to-Prison Pipeline for Youth of Color

Author

Yang, Jessica L., Anyon, Yolanda, Pauline, Malina, Wiley, Katherine E., Cash, Donna, Downing, Barbara J., Greer, Eldridge, Kelty, Ellen, Morgan, Thomas Lee, and Pisciotta, Lisa

Abstract

This study adds to the extant research on the school-to-prison pipeline by investigating how school-based service providers and administrators conceptualize the causal mechanisms constraining and enabling the school-to-prison pipeline in a large urban district. Thirty-three schools were selected for the study based on their suspension rates. Support staff and district partners (n = 36) participated in focus groups guided by semi-structured protocols. Most participants emphasized structural and systemic causes of the school-to-prison pipeline, such as institutional racism and poverty. To minimize the school-to-prison pipeline, participants highlighted the importance of relationship building and non-punitive practices in response to misbehavior, although solutions offered limited evidence of promising interventions. Given strong research indicating that racial disparities cannot be explained by differential behavior, scholarship in this area emphasizes the need to increase school-level practices that promote positive school climate. The persistence of exclusionary and punitive attitudes among a subset of the sample suggests a need for differentiated professional development to address competing frameworks for understanding the root causes of, and solutions to, the school-to-prison pipeline.

Published
2018
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44. Perioperative versus total neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer

Author

Yang, Jessica, primary, Greally, Megan, additional, Strong, Vivian E., additional, Coit, Daniel G., additional, Chou, Joanne F., additional, Capanu, Marinela, additional, Maron, Steven B., additional, Kelsen, David P., additional, Ilson, David H., additional, Janjigian, Yelena Y., additional, and Ku, Geoffrey Y., additional

Published
2023
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46. AECT Needs Survey, 2000.

Author

Frick, Theodore W., Richter, Kurt, Kim, Minhee, Yang, Jessica Chao-I, and Duvenci, Abdullah

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the needs of AECT (Association for Educational Communications and Technology) members. A total of 590 individuals completed a Web-based 16-question survey after receiving an e-mail invitation from AECT. This survey was active between October 30 and November 10, 2000. The survey was categorized into three parts: demographics; publications; and conference. Resulting data was categorized, coded, and compiled. The study yielded five major findings. First, more than half of the respondents are affiliated with higher education. Second, the AECT conference is important to members with or without a trade show. Third, restructuring efforts are incomplete. Fourth, respondents noted communications problems in the organization. Fifth, online services needed to be improved. Improved communication within the organization is imperative. Findings are presented in graphs for survey questions three through sixteen. (Author/AEF)

Published
2001

47. Contributors

Author

Antonini, Sonir R., primary, Awamleh, Zain, additional, Bacon, Sioban, additional, Badiu, Corin, additional, Beardsall, Kathryn, additional, Block-Kurbisch, Ingrid J., additional, Boelaert, Kristien, additional, Bourdeau, Isabelle, additional, Bronstein, Marcello D., additional, Budge, Helen, additional, Cerbone, Manuela, additional, Chakhtoura, Marlene, additional, Chakraborty, Pranesh, additional, Chitimus, Diana Maria, additional, Costin, Gertrude, additional, Dattani, Mehul T., additional, De Leon, Diva D., additional, Deal, Cheri L., additional, Deladoëy, Johnny, additional, Donovan, Lois E., additional, El-Hajj Fuleihan, Ghada, additional, Feig, Denice S., additional, Freire, Analía V., additional, Gao, Qinqin, additional, Garneau, Audrey, additional, Glezer, Andrea, additional, Gomez-Lobo, Veronica, additional, Grinspon, Romina P., additional, Han, Victor, additional, Hovey, Russell C., additional, Jallad, Raquel Soares, additional, Jonnakuti, Venkata S., additional, Karalis, Aspasia, additional, Katugampola, Harshini, additional, Khalil, Asma, additional, Khan, Md. Wasim, additional, Khattab, Ahmed, additional, Kovacs, Christopher S., additional, Kwok, T’ng Chang, additional, Laberge, Anne-Marie, additional, Lacroix, André, additional, Lau, David C.W., additional, Lawrence, Sarah Elizabeth, additional, Layden, Brian T., additional, Le Duc, Diana, additional, Li, Na, additional, Li, Xiang, additional, Light, Alexis, additional, Liu, Bailin, additional, Lu, Xiyuan, additional, Lumbers, Eugenie R., additional, Macdonald, Anne, additional, Machado, Marcio Carlos, additional, McGee, Elizabeth A., additional, Mesiano, Sam A., additional, Mukerji, Geetha, additional, Murray, Cathy M., additional, Narasimhan, Mithra L., additional, New, Maria, additional, Ogilvy-Stuart, Amanda L., additional, Ojha, Shalini, additional, Orr, Christine J., additional, Panaitescu, Anca Maria, additional, Papadakis, Georgios E., additional, Paslaru, Francesca Gabriela, additional, Paul, Jonathan, additional, Peltecu, Gheorghe, additional, Phung, Jason, additional, Pitteloud, Nelly, additional, Prior, Jerilynn C., additional, Quandt, Zoe E., additional, Radford, Bethany, additional, Ramalho, Fernando S., additional, Rey, Rodolfo A., additional, Ropelato, María Gabriela, additional, Rosca, Adrian Eugen, additional, Rowe, Christopher W., additional, Ryniec, Jessica A., additional, Sadovnikova, Anna, additional, Salmeen, Kirsten E., additional, Samuels, Mark E., additional, Sherf, Sahar, additional, Shim, Jien, additional, Smith, Roger, additional, Stanescu, Diana E., additional, Stark, Brett, additional, Stecchini, Monica F., additional, St-Jean, Matthieu, additional, Strauss, Jerome F., additional, Sun, Miao, additional, Symonds, Michael E., additional, Tang, Jiaqi, additional, Townsend, Rosemary, additional, Voiculescu, Suzana Elena, additional, von Oettingen, Julia Elisabeth, additional, Ward, Leanne M., additional, Wayne, Declan, additional, Witkop, Catherine Takacs, additional, Wysolmerski, John J., additional, Xu, Cheng, additional, Xu, Zhice, additional, Yamamoto, Jennifer M., additional, Yang, Jessica S., additional, Young, Steven L., additional, Yu, Run, additional, Zagrean, Ana-Maria, additional, Zagrean, Leon, additional, Zhang, Mengshu, additional, and Zhou, Xiuwen, additional

Published
2020
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49. A Multisite Study of the Technical, Normative, and Political Dimensions of School Discipline Policy Reform

Author

Wiley, Kathryn Elizabeth, Anyon, Yolanda, and Yang, Jessica

Abstract

Purpose: Studies suggest that out-of-school suspensions and expulsions rarely improve student outcomes or perceptions of school safety. At the same time, there is consistent evidence of disparities by race, class, and ability in the implementation of "zero tolerance" discipline policies. Stakeholders across the country have leveraged this research to pressure policy-makers and school leaders to reform discipline policies to be more inclusive and equitable. Yet exclusionary practices remain the standard approach to resolving conflicts and rule-breaking behavior in American public schools. The purpose of this paper is to apply an equity-minded school change framework to illuminate the multidimensional nature of discipline reform and identify potential levers for greater impact moving forward. Methods: We conducted interviews and focus groups with nearly 198 school leaders, teachers, and student support service providers from 33 urban schools that met one district's discipline reform goals. Findings: Educators described technical, normative, and political dimensions of their schools' discipline practices and policies, suggesting the need for a multifaceted approach to reform. Implications: Recent school discipline reforms have largely focused on the technical dimensions of school change, such as new decision-making protocols and teacher training. Although these approaches have tremendous value, study findings suggest that the normative and political aspects of school change must also be addressed when implementing reforms to advance equity and limit school exclusion.

Published
2017

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